Global ETD Search

1	Sedimentology of the lower Carboniferous in south-western Libya Petitpierre, Laurent January 2012 (has links) Several hydrocarbon discoveries in the Marar Formation (Tournaisian and Viséan) were recently made in the Lower Carboniferous strata of the Ghadames and Murzuq Basins situated in SW Libya. Despite large exposures exhibiting thick sections, there is an absence of regional studies focusing on this stratigraphic interval and only rare case studies provide new sedimentary data. More generally, geological knowledge of Carboniferous in North Africa (Saharan Platform) is also understudied when compare to other regions of the world. Detail analyses of the sedimentary record on Saharan Platform may noticeably contribute to refine the current understanding of global geological episodes such as the Late Paleozoic Ice Age. The main aim of this study is to produce valuable field data for both industry and interpretations for assessing academic hypothesis. In order to develop accurate and detail correlations of sedimentary strata over long distances (over 350 km) a primary aims is to define a synchronous key marker horizon that is ideally detectable in both surface and subsurface datasets. A secondary aim is to characterise spatial variability and geometries of sedimentary bodies. Acquired during three fieldwork seasons in the area (along ca 385 km), over 4800 m of sedimentary logging, facies analyses and 800 outcrop gamma ray readings are compiled in this study. I therefore characterise the micro, meso, macro-scale geometries, regional distribution, gamma ray response and mineralogy of the Collenia stromatolites that mark the uppermost part of the Marar Formation. Mainly based on series of detailed sedimentary logging and photographic panoramas, two types of reservoirs facies are described: 1- several metres thick shorefaces sandstones that are continuous for several tens of kilometres; 2- several tens of metres thick incised valley in filled with fluvial sandstones of fewer lateral extend. A sea level curve, produced on basis of the detailed sequence stratigraphic framework of the area, reveals that eustasy almost solely explains relative changes of sea level during the Viséan. Considering the glacial record preserved on northern Gondwana during the same interval, we conclude that the onset of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age is older than uppermost Viséan and more gradual than previously thought. 551.1
2	STRATIGRAPHY, PROVENANCE, TIMING AND CONTROL OF INCISED VALLEYS IN THE FERRON SANDSTONE / INCISED VALLEYS IN THE FERRON SANDSTONE Kynaston, David A. January 2019 (has links) This thesis evaluates the nature, provenance, geometry and morphology of incised valley fills to test assumptions made by valley models using ancient examples from well exposed outcrops, in the late Turonian Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale Formation in southeastern Utah. The relevance of this work will have particular significance to long wavelength cycles of fluvial landscapes and valley morphology, non-marine reservoir characterization and significant implications for non-marine response to high frequency allogenic cycles such as climate change and changes in relative sea-level. This study illustrates the stratigraphic complexity of valley fill deposits at three levels of spatial resolution. At channel scale within the lower backwater, facies architecture and paleohydraulic analysis are used to predict the degree of shale drape coverage of point bars in a tidally-influenced incised channel. At channel belt scale the study documents a tidally incised, mudstone prone trunk-tributary valley fill and overlying highstand fluvial succession within a stratigraphic framework of fluvial aggragation cycles. 3D photogrammetry models and a high resolution GPS survey are used to restore the morphology of a trunk-tributary valley floor, revealing a surface of tidal ravinement and tidal drainage morphology. At a regional scale, this study radically revises the paleogeographic mapping of the Ferron trunk system, spanning over 1,600 km2. Provenance analysis reveals Ferron Notom trunk valleys were filled at times by sediment from the Mogollon Highlands of Arizona to the southwest, and alternately by sediment from the Sevier Thrust Front to the northwest. Evidence shows the Ferron trunk rivers, previously hypothesized to be an avulsive axial drainage, to be more analogous to Quaternary examples. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) incised valleys backwater tributary valleys detrital zircons paleogeography Turonian Ferron Sandstone Notom Delta
3	Variable Denudation in the Evolution of the Bolivian Andes: Controls and Uplift-Climate-Erosion Feedbacks Barnes, Jason B. January 2002 (has links) Controls on denudation in the eastern Bolivian Andes are evaluated by synthesis of new and existing denudation estimates from basin-morphometry, stream - powered fluvial incision, landslide mapping, sediment flux, erosion surfaces, thermochronology, foreland basin sediment volumes, and structural restorations. Centered at 17.5 °S, the northeastern Bolivian Andes exhibit high relief, a wet climate, and a narrow fold- thrust belt. In contrast, the southeastern Bolivian Andes have low relief, a semi-arid climate, and a wide fold-thrust belt. Basin -morphometry indicates a northward increase in relief and relative denudation. Stream-power along river profiles shows greater average incision rates in the north by a factor of 2 to 4. In the south, profile knickpoints with high incision rates are controlled by fold-thrust belt structures such as the surface expressions of basement megathrusts, faults, folds, and lithologic boundaries. Landslide and sediment-flux data are controlled by climate, elevation, basin morphology, and size and show a similar trend; short -term denudation-rate averages are greater in the north (1- 9 mm/yr) than the south (0.3-0.4 mm/yr). Long-term denudation-rate estimates including fission track, basin fill, erosion surfaces, and structural restorations also exhibit greater values in the north (0.2-0.8 mm/yr) compared to the south (0.04-0.3 mm/yr). Controls on long-term denudation rates include relief, orographic and global atmospheric circulation patterns of precipitation, climate change, glaciation, and fold-thrust belt geometry and kinematics. The denudation synthesis supports two conclusions: 1) denudation rates have increased towards the present 2) an along-strike disparity in denudation (greater in the north) has existed since at least the Miocene and has increased towards the present. Denudation rates and controls suggest that Bolivian mountain morphology is controlled by both its orientation at mid-latitude, and the feedbacks between uplift, kinematics, orographic effects on precipitation, glaciation, and the increased erosion that accompanies orogenesis. Andean Orogeny Andes Bolivia Cenozoic chronology climate data processing degradation denudation digital simulation drainage patterns erosion erosion rates fluvial features geomorphology incised valleys landform evolution latitude morphometry mountains neotectonics numerical models plate tectonics Quaternary relief rivers South America spatial distribution stream gradient tectonics temporal distribution thermochronology topography uplifts

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