The study reported here, constitutes a full review of the major geological events that have influenced the morphological development of the southeast Queensland region. Most importantly, it provides evidence that the region’s physiography continues to be geologically ‘active’ and although earthquakes are presently few and of low magnitude, many past events and tectonic regimes continue to be strongly influential over drainage, morphology and topography. Southeast Queensland is typified by highland terrain of metasedimentary and igneous rocks that are parallel and close to younger, lowland coastal terrain. The region is currently situated in a passive margin tectonic setting that is now under compressive stress, although in the past, the region was subject to alternating extensional and compressive regimes. As part of the investigation, the effects of many past geological events upon landscape morphology have been assessed at multiple scales using features such as the location and orientation of drainage channels, topography, faults, fractures, scarps, cleavage, volcanic centres and deposits, and recent earthquake activity. A number of hypotheses for local geological evolution are proposed and discussed. This study has also utilised a geographic information system (GIS) approach that successfully amalgamates the various types and scales of datasets used. A new method of stream ordination has been developed and is used to compare the orientation of channels of similar orders with rock fabric, in a topologically controlled approach that other ordering systems are unable to achieve. Stream pattern analysis has been performed and the results provide evidence that many drainage systems in southeast Queensland are controlled by known geological structures and by past geological events. The results conclude that drainage at a fine scale is controlled by cleavage, joints and faults, and at a broader scale, large river valleys, such as those of the Brisbane River and North Pine River, closely follow the location of faults. These rivers appear to have become entrenched by differential weathering along these planes of weakness. Significantly, stream pattern analysis has also identified some ‘anomalous’ drainage that suggests the orientations of these watercourses are geologically controlled, but by unknown causes. To the north of Brisbane, a ‘coastal drainage divide’ has been recognized and is described here. The divide crosses several lithological units of different age, continues parallel to the coast and prevents drainage from the highlands flowing directly to the coast for its entire length. Diversion of low order streams away from the divide may be evidence that a more recent process may be the driving force. Although there is no conclusive evidence for this at present, it is postulated that the divide may have been generated by uplift or doming associated with mid-Cenozoic volcanism or a blind thrust at depth. Also north of Brisbane, on the D’Aguilar Range, an elevated valley (the ‘Kilcoy Gap’) has been identified that may have once drained towards the coast and now displays reversed drainage that may have resulted from uplift along the coastal drainage divide and of the D’Aguilar blocks. An assessment of the distribution and intensity of recent earthquakes in the region indicates that activity may be associated with ancient faults. However, recent movement on these faults during these events would have been unlikely, given that earthquakes in the region are characteristically of low magnitude. There is, however, evidence that compressive stress is building and being released periodically and ancient faults may be a likely place for this stress to be released. The relationship between ancient fault systems and the Tweed Shield Volcano has also been discussed and it is suggested here that the volcanic activity was associated with renewed faulting on the Great Moreton Fault System during the Cenozoic. The geomorphology and drainage patterns of southeast Queensland have been compared with expected morphological characteristics found at passive and other tectonic settings, both in Australia and globally. Of note are the comparisons with the East Brazilian Highlands, the Gulf of Mexico and the Blue Ridge Escarpment, for example. In conclusion, the results of the study clearly show that, although the region is described as a passive margin, its complex, past geological history and present compressive stress regime provide a more intricate and varied landscape than would be expected along typical passive continental margins. The literature review provides background to the subject and discusses previous work and methods, whilst the findings are presented in three peer-reviewed, published papers. The methods, hypotheses, suggestions and evidence are discussed at length in the final chapter.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:37:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zanata_m_me_jabo.pdf: 2630907 bytes, checksum: 8318882da985d6c36f0bf67f7282b15f (MD5) / Funep / Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar análise morfométrica e diferenciar áreas de manejo no que tange à qualidade do solo e da água de bacias hidrográficas no Município de Batatais, Estado de São Paulo. A área de estudo é a microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego da Cachoeira, situada entre as coordenadas geográficas 20°53’35” a 20°57’54” de Latitude S, e 47°31’45” a 47°33’21” de Longitude WGr, abrangendo desde a foz do Córrego da Barata até às cabeceiras dos córregos da Prata e da Estiva. As formas das bacias hidrográficas podem ser consideradas como fontes de dados relevantes para a obtenção de informações sobre a evolução do modelado da superfície da Terra no que tange ao canal de drenagem principal e seus tributários. As variáveis estudadas foram as dimensionais, do padrão de drenagem e do relevo. As bases cartográficas do IBGE e do IGC foram usadas para a hierarquização da rede de drenagem e para a análise morfométrica. A microbacia se caracteriza por ser uma drenagem fluvial exorreica, com rios consequentes e drenagem dendrítica. O baixo valor do fator de forma indica uma bacia mais alongada e com menor risco de enchentes sazonais. Os valores de densidade de drenagem, freqüência de rios e razão de bifurcação, são considerados baixos e indicam a formação de solo sobre rocha permeável. Os valores da razão de relevo e razão de relevo relativo sugerem uma microbacia com relevo relativamente suave. Todas as características físico-químicas da água diferiram estatisticamente ao longo do período analisado. Os valores de pH e de oxigênio dissolvido foram mais uniformes que a temperatura. A condutividade elétrica, os sólidos totais e a turbidez foram as características que mais variaram durante o ano de coleta e as melhores para a diferenciação dos manejos. As microbacias B8 (cana) e B17 (pinus) apresentaram as maiores... / This study aimed to conduct morphometric analysis and differentiate management areas with respect to soil quality and water basins in the City of Batatais, State of Sao Paulo. The study area is the watershed of the Waterfall Creek, located between the geographic coordinates 20°53'35 to 20°57'54 Latitude S, 47°31'45 to 47°33'21 Longitude WGr, ranging from the mouth of the stream Cheap until headwaters of streams of Silver and Stowage. The morphometric analysis was performed to characterize the morphology of the terrain. The shapes of the basins can be considered as relevant data sources to obtain information on developments in the modeling of the Earth's surface with respect to the main drainage channel and its tributaries. The variables studied were the dimensional, pattern of drainage and relief. The cartographic IBGE and IGC were used for the ranking of the drainage network and for morphometric analysis. The watershed is characterized as a fluvial drainage exorreica, with consequent streams, and dendritica drainage. The low value of the form factor indicates a more elongated basin and with less risk of seasonal floods. The values of drainage density, frequency of rivers and bifurcation ratio, are considered low and indicate the formation of soil over rock permeable. The values of the relief ratio suggest a watershed with relatively mild relief. All physico-chemical properties of water differ statistically over the period analyzed. The values of pH and dissolved oxygen were more uniform than temperature. The electrical conductivity, total solids and turbidity were the more characteristics ranged during the year of collection. Turbidity, electrical conductivity and total solids were the best water features to differentiate the management. On the basin B8 (sugar cane) and basin B17 (pine) the properties of water behave with the largest changes, probably due to the scarce ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra / Banca: Miguel Luiz Menezes Freitas / Banca: Sergio Campos / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar análise morfométrica e diferenciar áreas de manejo no que tange à qualidade do solo e da água de bacias hidrográficas no Município de Batatais, Estado de São Paulo. A área de estudo é a microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego da Cachoeira, situada entre as coordenadas geográficas 20°53'35" a 20°57'54" de Latitude S, e 47°31'45" a 47°33'21" de Longitude WGr, abrangendo desde a foz do Córrego da Barata até às cabeceiras dos córregos da Prata e da Estiva. As formas das bacias hidrográficas podem ser consideradas como fontes de dados relevantes para a obtenção de informações sobre a evolução do modelado da superfície da Terra no que tange ao canal de drenagem principal e seus tributários. As variáveis estudadas foram as dimensionais, do padrão de drenagem e do relevo. As bases cartográficas do IBGE e do IGC foram usadas para a hierarquização da rede de drenagem e para a análise morfométrica. A microbacia se caracteriza por ser uma drenagem fluvial exorreica, com rios consequentes e drenagem dendrítica. O baixo valor do fator de forma indica uma bacia mais alongada e com menor risco de enchentes sazonais. Os valores de densidade de drenagem, freqüência de rios e razão de bifurcação, são considerados baixos e indicam a formação de solo sobre rocha permeável. Os valores da razão de relevo e razão de relevo relativo sugerem uma microbacia com relevo relativamente suave. Todas as características físico-químicas da água diferiram estatisticamente ao longo do período analisado. Os valores de pH e de oxigênio dissolvido foram mais uniformes que a temperatura. A condutividade elétrica, os sólidos totais e a turbidez foram as características que mais variaram durante o ano de coleta e as melhores para a diferenciação dos manejos. As microbacias B8 (cana) e B17 (pinus) apresentaram as maiores ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aimed to conduct morphometric analysis and differentiate management areas with respect to soil quality and water basins in the City of Batatais, State of Sao Paulo. The study area is the watershed of the Waterfall Creek, located between the geographic coordinates 20°53'35" to 20°57'54" Latitude S, 47°31'45" to 47°33'21" Longitude WGr, ranging from the mouth of the stream Cheap until headwaters of streams of Silver and Stowage. The morphometric analysis was performed to characterize the morphology of the terrain. The shapes of the basins can be considered as relevant data sources to obtain information on developments in the modeling of the Earth's surface with respect to the main drainage channel and its tributaries. The variables studied were the dimensional, pattern of drainage and relief. The cartographic IBGE and IGC were used for the ranking of the drainage network and for morphometric analysis. The watershed is characterized as a fluvial drainage exorreica, with consequent streams, and dendritica drainage. The low value of the form factor indicates a more elongated basin and with less risk of seasonal floods. The values of drainage density, frequency of rivers and bifurcation ratio, are considered low and indicate the formation of soil over rock permeable. The values of the relief ratio suggest a watershed with relatively mild relief. All physico-chemical properties of water differ statistically over the period analyzed. The values of pH and dissolved oxygen were more uniform than temperature. The electrical conductivity, total solids and turbidity were the more characteristics ranged during the year of collection. Turbidity, electrical conductivity and total solids were the best water features to differentiate the management. On the basin B8 (sugar cane) and basin B17 (pine) the properties of water behave with the largest changes, probably due to the scarce ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Controls on denudation in the eastern Bolivian Andes are evaluated by synthesis of new and existing denudation estimates from basin-morphometry, stream - powered fluvial incision, landslide mapping, sediment flux, erosion surfaces, thermochronology, foreland basin sediment volumes, and structural restorations. Centered at 17.5 °S, the northeastern Bolivian Andes exhibit high relief, a wet climate, and a narrow fold- thrust belt. In contrast, the southeastern Bolivian Andes have low relief, a semi-arid climate, and a wide fold-thrust belt. Basin -morphometry indicates a northward increase in relief and relative denudation. Stream-power along river profiles shows greater average incision rates in the north by a factor of 2 to 4. In the south, profile knickpoints with high incision rates are controlled by fold-thrust belt structures such as the surface expressions of basement megathrusts, faults, folds, and lithologic boundaries. Landslide and sediment-flux data are controlled by climate, elevation, basin morphology, and size and show a similar trend; short -term denudation-rate averages are greater in the north (1- 9 mm/yr) than the south (0.3-0.4 mm/yr). Long-term denudation-rate estimates including fission track, basin fill, erosion surfaces, and structural restorations also exhibit greater values in the north (0.2-0.8 mm/yr) compared to the south (0.04-0.3 mm/yr). Controls on long-term denudation rates include relief, orographic and global atmospheric circulation patterns of precipitation, climate change, glaciation, and fold-thrust belt geometry and kinematics. The denudation synthesis supports two conclusions: 1) denudation rates have increased towards the present 2) an along-strike disparity in denudation (greater in the north) has existed since at least the Miocene and has increased towards the present. Denudation rates and controls suggest that Bolivian mountain morphology is controlled by both its orientation at mid-latitude, and the feedbacks between uplift, kinematics, orographic effects on precipitation, glaciation, and the increased erosion that accompanies orogenesis.

From the Proceedings of the 1972 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - May 5-6, 1972, Prescott, Arizona / The distribution of transmissivity within the Tucson basin aquifer, as determined by pumping tests and reviewed in the construction of a digital model of the aquifer, was not totally random in space. Data tended to be distributed normally or log-normally for biased samples of developed wells. A frequency distribution of transmissivity derived from a calibrated digital model is more nearly representative of the real world because the aquifer sample is without bias as the sample constitutes the entire aquifer. Geohydrologic setting, electric analog, and digital models of the basin are discussed. The theory of transmissivity distribution in an arid land alluvial aquifer is developed from Horton's laws of exponential relationship between stream order and drainage network parameters. It is hypothesized that there is an exponential relationship between transmissivity of an alluvial aquifer. A statistical study was made of values derived from the digital model to test the probability density function hypothesized for transmissivity. The mean value is a function of climate and drainage area. These hypotheses require further validation.