Accurate determination of the in vitro kinetic parameters Km (Michaelis constant) and Ki (inhibition constant) is critical for the quantitative prediction of in vivo drug clearance and the magnitude of inhibitory drug interactions. A cause of inaccuracy in vitro arises from the assumption that all drug added to an incubation mixture is available for metabolism or inhibition. Many drugs bind non-specifically to the membrane of the in vitro enzyme source. The aims of this thesis were to: 1) investigate the comparative importance of lipophilicity (as log P), and pKa as determinants of the non-specific binding of drugs to human liver microsomes; 2) develop and validate an ANS fluorescence technique for measuring the non-specific binding of drugs to human liver microsomes; 3) characterise the non-specific binding of a large dataset of physicochemically diverse drugs using the ANS fluorescence procedure; 4) evaluate relationships between selected physicochemical characteristics and the extent of non-specific binding of drugs to human liver microsomes and; 5) computationally model the non-specific binding of drugs to discriminate between high binding (fu(mic) less than 0.5) and low binding (fu(mic) greater than 0.5) drugs. The comparative binding of the basic drugs atenolol (log P = 0.1; fu(mic) = 1.00), of propranolol (log P = 3.1; fu(mic) = 0.36 - 0.84), and imipramine (log P = 4.8; fu(mic) = 0.42 - 0.82) suggested that lipophilicity is a major determinant of non-specific binding. In contrast, the comparative binding of diazepam (pKa = 3.3; fu(mic) = 0.69 - 0.80), a neutral compound; and the bases propranolol (pKa = 9.5; fu(mic) = 0.36 - 0.84) and lignocaine (pKa = 9.5; fu(mic) = 0.98), indicated that pKa was not a determinant of the extent of non-specific binding. The non-binding of lignocaine, a relatively lipophilic base, was unexpected and confirmed by the non-binding of the structurally related compounds bupivacaine and ropivacaine. These results implicated physicochemical characteristics other than lipophilicity and charge as important for the non-specific binding of drugs to human liver microsomes. An assay based on 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) fluorescence was developed using the seven drugs employed in the initial study. Non-specific binding data from equilibrium dialysis and the ANS fluorescence methods were compared and a linear correlation (r2 = 0.92, p less than 0.01) was observed at drug concentrations of 100 and 200 micromolar. The approach was further validated by characterising the microsomal binding of nine compounds (bupropion, chloroquine, chlorpromazine, diflunisal, flufenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, mianserine, triflupromazine, and verapamil) using both binding methods (i.e. equilibrium dialysis and ANS fluorescence). A significant logarithmic relationship (r2 greater than or equal to 0.90) was demonstrated between fu(mic) and the modulus of ANS fluorescence for all drugs and for basic drugs alone at concentrations of 100 and 200 micromolar, while the acidic/neutral drugs showed a significant linear relationship (r2 greater than or equal to 0.84) at these two concentrations (p less than 0.01). The non binding of bupropion provided further evidence that physicochemical properties other than log P and charge were important for non-specific binding of drugs to human liver microsomes. The ANS fluorescence technique was then used to characterise the non-specific binding of 88 physicochemically diverse compounds. In general, acids and neutrals bound to a ‘low’ extent (fu(mic) greater than 0.5) whereas bases bound the full fu(mic) range (0.0001 to 1). Statistically significant relationships were observed between the non-specific binding of bases and log P, the number of hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors per molecule, and molecular mass. Preliminary in silico modeling of the dataset generated by the ANS fluorescence technique, using the program ROCS, provided discrimination of all but one (itraconazole) of the ‘high’ binding bases. However, there were 14 false positives, resulting in low overall prediction accuracy. Taken together, the studies conducted in this thesis provide important insights into the physicochemical factors that determine the non-specific binding of drugs to human liver microsomes.

Serologically related arenaviruses have been isolated from West Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and the Central African Republic. Human disease is only associated with the West African isolates. The virulence of Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Central African Republic isolates in humans is not known. This Thesis is an account of work carried out by the author to compare the biological characteristics of isolates from West Africa, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. It describes the successful isolation and identification of the aetiological agents, their physicochemical and antigenic characteristics and describes in vivo studies using mice, guinea pigs and Rhesus monkeys. A direct comparison was made with a patient diagnosed as having Lassa fever. The disease in man and monkeys following infection with Lassa virus was similar. The Rhesus monkey and guinea pig proved suitable experimental models in which to study and compare the pathogenic responses and also to evaluate various aspects of protection. These animal models when immunised with the viruses from Mozambique and Zimbabwe were protected when subsequently challenged with Lassa virus. The Mozambique and Zimbabwe isolates proved to have morphological and physicochemical characteristics not dissimilar from West African Lassa viruses and those members of the arenavirus family from South America. Serological and immunochemical investigations suggest the existence of both common and unique antigenic determinants on the viruses from Mozambique, -Zimbabwe and West Africa. This grouping also coincides with the geographic separation of the viruses, i.e. Lassa - West Africa and Mopeia -southeast Africa. Similar differences in host susceptibility have also been demonstrated. Lassa virus produces a fatal haemorrhagic disease while Mopeia isolates produce only an asymptomatic infection. The combined data suggests the possibility of two virus groups within the 'Old World' arenavirus classification. The proposed name, 'Mopeia', forms one group and includes the viruses from Mozambique and Zimbabwe. The Lassa strains from West Africa form the second group. It is suggested that the Mopeia viruses are minor antigenic variants of Lassa and should be included within the arenavirus family.

Com o objetivo de determinar as características físico-químicas e a origem floral de méis produzidos por Apis mellifera L., 1758, na região da Chapada do Araripe, município de Santana do Cariri/Ceará foram determinados no Laboratório de Apicultura do Setor de Entomologia da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", USP: os açúcares totais, açúcares redutores, sacarose, umidade, hidroximetilfurfural, proteína, cinzas, pH, acidez, índice de formol, condutividade elétrica, cor, viscosidade e análises polínicas de 21 amostras de méis colhidas em novembro e dezembro de 2001. Os resultados demonstraram que os valores médios dos parâmetros físico-químicos das amostras analisadas encontram-se dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira. Pelas análises polínicas dos méis, foi verificada a presença do tipo Serjania (cipó-uva) em todas as amostras analisadas, aparecendo como pólen dominante na maioria delas. / This research deals with the determination of the physicochemical characteristics and floral origin of honeys produced by Apis mellifera L., 1758, in the region of Chapada do Araripe, municipality of Santana do Cariri, State of Ceará, Brazil. The experiments were set at the Laboratory of Apiculture, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Agricultural Zoology, College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The following parameters were determined: total sugars, reducing sugars, sucrose, humidity, hydroxymethylfurfural, protein, ashes, pH, acidity, formaldehyde index, electrical conductivity, color, viscosity and pollen analysis of 21 samples of honeys collected in November and December, 2001. The results have indicated that the mean values of the physicochemical parameters of the samples are in between the limits required by the Brazilian legislation. The pollen analysis of the honeys showed the presence of the plant Serjania type ("cipó-uva") in all the honey samples.

Steel industry is a highly polluted industry and one of the most important stationary sources in Kaohsiung City. The steel manufacturing process could emit a huge amount of particles, such as the sintering process, the blast furnace operation, and the raw material handling process. Suspended particles emitted from steel industry could deteriorate ambient air quality and cause adverse effects on human health. In order to understand the impact of steel industry on ambient air quality in Siaogang District and to identify potential pollution sources, this study selected a integrated steel manufacturing plant located at Siaogang District to conduct a sampling protocol of suspended particulate matter (PM) at ambient sites (A1~A5) and sensitive sites (S1~S5) from July 2011 to March 2012. The size distribution of suspended particles in four seasons was measured with PM10 high-volume samplers, dichotomous samplers, and MOUDI for 3 days (24 hours for single sampling), and dustfall samplers for one month, to investigate the spatial distribution and temporal variation of PM concentration. After sampling, the physicochemical properties of PM, including mass concentration, particle size distribution, dustfall concentration, water-soluble ionic species, metallic elements, and carbonaceous contents, were further analyzed. Field measurement of ambient PM showed that the averaged ambient PM10 concentration (53.54 - 203.56 £gg/m3) were higher than sensitive sites (55.06 - 140.07 £gg/m3) and the averaged ambient PM2.5 concentration of ambient (23.10 - 120.21£gg/m3) were higher than sensitive sites (12.52 - 65.62 £gg/m3). No matter ambient or sensitive sites, it showed a tendency of lower concentration in summer, indicating that concentration variation of PM10 and PM2.5 were highly affected by meteorological factors (such as wind direction, wind speed, and relative humidity) in Siaogang District. Furthermore, a t-test result showed that ambient and sensitive sites have similar pollution sources since the p-values were in significantly different. Chemical analysis of PM results showed that the most abundant water-soluble ionic species of PM at the ambient and sensitive sites were secondary inorganic aerosols (SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+) and [NO3-]/[SO42-] showed that ionic species were mainly emitted from stationary sources. Fe, Al, K and Ca were the major metallic elements of this study, and the major pollution sources contain industries, traffics, and road dusts. Additionally, the raw material handling process was the major pollution source of PM. Correlation analysis of OC and EC showed that PM at ambient and sensitive sites were originated from primary sources, such as vehicles, industries, road dusts, and human activities. Results obtained from PCA and CMB receptor modeling showed that both PM2.5 and PM10 highly correlated with wind direction in different season and the major pollution sources were industry pollution (including petroleum refineries, power plants, waste incinerators, consistent operating steel mills and electric arc furnace steel mills, etc.), followed by local traffics and derivative. Furthermore, marine aerosols were one of the important pollution sources at sensitive sites (S1, S4, and S5) where close to the ocean.

ABSTRACT In this study, we conducted an intensive sampling of Asian dusts at Pescadores Islands for heavy Asian continental sandstorms (ACS) from February 22 to March 6, 2008. To investigate the succession of anthropogenic and natural pollutants for the ACS transportation, PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were sampled by two dichotomous samplers once every four hours during the ACS periods, and furthermore analyzed their physicochemical properties, including mass concentrations, particle size distribution, water-soluble ionic species, carbonaceous contents, and metallic contents. Experimental results indicated that it was mainly fine particles (PM2.5) prior to the ACS, and the percentage of anthropogenic species (i.e., SO42-, NH4+, NO3-, Zn, Mn and OC) increased dramatically. However, it changed to coarse particles while the ACS overwhelming, and the percentage of crustal/marine species (i.e., Cl-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ca, Al, Mg and EC) increased. After the ACS, the concentrations of all species decreased substantially. However, the percentage of Cl- and Na+ increased, suggesting that sea breeze has constant influences on local suspended particles. In addition to the analysis of physicochemical properties of Asian dusts, this study applied a HYSPLIT MODEL to figure out the transportation routes and the source regions of the ACS. Backward trajectory analysis showed that the ACS was originated from the east portion of Inner Mongolia, namely the Onqin Daga Sandy Land and the Horqin Sandy Land. Moreover, seventeen soil samples were collected from the Tengger Desert, the Mu Us Desert, the Onqin Daga Sandy Land, and the Horqin Sandy Land in Inner Mongolia during the year of 2005. The soil samples were resuspended in a resuspension chamber and then collected by a dichotomous sampler. This study focused on PM2.5-10 particles that mainly influence the downwind regions, and then took the ACS samples and the resuspended soil samples to measure the Sr isotopic characteristics of 87Sr/86Sr ratios by a multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). To characterize the isotopic properties of resuspended dust particles from the ACS source regions in northern China, and to correlate Asian dusts at the downwind regions of ACS with the source regions by Duncan¡¦s Multiple Range Test (DMR). The DMR results showed that the ACS was probably originated from the east portion of Inner Mongolia, namely the Onqin Daga Sandy Land and the Horqin Sandy Land, which concurred with the backward trajectory analysis.

Orientador: Jacira dos Santos Isepon / Banca: Elisa Helena Giglio Ponsano / Banca: Olair José Isepon / Resumo: Este trabalho visou estudar a influência do estágio de lactação e da ordem de parição em relação às características físico-químicas e verificar a composição geral do leite de cabra no decorrer da lactação. Para o experimento, foram observadas vinte cabras Saanen mantidas em regime de confinamento. As amostras foram coletadas semanalmente e, após a coleta, foram refrigeradas e encaminhadas para análise no Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Faculdade de Engenharia/UNESP, Câmpus de Ilha Solteira, onde foram realizadas as determinações físico-químicas: pH (25°C), acidez titulável (°D), densidade (g/l) a 15°C, teor de gordura (%), cinzas (%), extrato seco total (EST %), extrato seco desengordurado (ESD %), nitrogênio total (%), proteína bruta (%). Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho permitiram chegar aos seguintes valores médios para a composição geral: 3,01% para proteína total (PB), 2,74% para teor de gordura, 0,78% para cinzas; para o perfil nitrogenado distribuindo-se em: 3,01% para proteína bruta (PB), 0,48% para fração nitrogenada não-proteíca (NNP); para as características: 1.030,07 g/l para a densidade a 15°C, 6,62 para pH a 25°C, 16,69°D para acidez titulável, 11,07% para extrato seco total (EST) calculado e 8,32% para extrato seco desengordurado (ESD), também calculado. Do ponto de vista da Inspeção, o perfil do leite de cabra em relação ao experimento está de acordo com o Decreto n.º 9525 de 15/12/1986 para leite de cabra, apresentando-se apto para o consumo. / Abstract: This work aimed to study the influence of the stage of lactation and of the order of kidding according to the physicochemical characteristics and to verify the general composition of the milk of goats during the lactation. For the experiment twenty Saanen goats kept in the regime of confinement were observed. The samples were collected weekly and after the collection were refrigerated and sent for analysis in the Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Faculdade de Engenharia/UNESP, Câmpus de Ilha Solteira, where the determinations physicochemical were made: pH (25°C), titrable acidity (°D), density (g/l) a 15°C, fat content (%), ashes (%), total solids (ST %), defatted solids(SD%), total nitrogen (%), crude protein (%).The results obtained in this study permited to arrive to the following medium values to the general composition: 3,01% to crude protein (PB), 2,74% to fat content, 0,78% to ashes; to the nitrogen profile distributing in: 3,01% to crude protein (PB), 0,48% to fraction no protein nitrogen (NNP); to the characteristics: 1.030,07 g/l to density a 15°C, 6,62 to pH a 25°C, 16,69°D to titrable acidity, 11,07% to total solids (ST) calculated and 8,32% to defatted solids (SD), also calculated. From Inspection the point of view of the profile of the goat milk in relation to the experiment is in agreement with the Decreet nº 9525 of 15/12/1986 for goat milk, presenting apt to the consume. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:37:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zanata_m_me_jabo.pdf: 2630907 bytes, checksum: 8318882da985d6c36f0bf67f7282b15f (MD5) / Funep / Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar análise morfométrica e diferenciar áreas de manejo no que tange à qualidade do solo e da água de bacias hidrográficas no Município de Batatais, Estado de São Paulo. A área de estudo é a microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego da Cachoeira, situada entre as coordenadas geográficas 20°53’35” a 20°57’54” de Latitude S, e 47°31’45” a 47°33’21” de Longitude WGr, abrangendo desde a foz do Córrego da Barata até às cabeceiras dos córregos da Prata e da Estiva. As formas das bacias hidrográficas podem ser consideradas como fontes de dados relevantes para a obtenção de informações sobre a evolução do modelado da superfície da Terra no que tange ao canal de drenagem principal e seus tributários. As variáveis estudadas foram as dimensionais, do padrão de drenagem e do relevo. As bases cartográficas do IBGE e do IGC foram usadas para a hierarquização da rede de drenagem e para a análise morfométrica. A microbacia se caracteriza por ser uma drenagem fluvial exorreica, com rios consequentes e drenagem dendrítica. O baixo valor do fator de forma indica uma bacia mais alongada e com menor risco de enchentes sazonais. Os valores de densidade de drenagem, freqüência de rios e razão de bifurcação, são considerados baixos e indicam a formação de solo sobre rocha permeável. Os valores da razão de relevo e razão de relevo relativo sugerem uma microbacia com relevo relativamente suave. Todas as características físico-químicas da água diferiram estatisticamente ao longo do período analisado. Os valores de pH e de oxigênio dissolvido foram mais uniformes que a temperatura. A condutividade elétrica, os sólidos totais e a turbidez foram as características que mais variaram durante o ano de coleta e as melhores para a diferenciação dos manejos. As microbacias B8 (cana) e B17 (pinus) apresentaram as maiores... / This study aimed to conduct morphometric analysis and differentiate management areas with respect to soil quality and water basins in the City of Batatais, State of Sao Paulo. The study area is the watershed of the Waterfall Creek, located between the geographic coordinates 20°53'35 to 20°57'54 Latitude S, 47°31'45 to 47°33'21 Longitude WGr, ranging from the mouth of the stream Cheap until headwaters of streams of Silver and Stowage. The morphometric analysis was performed to characterize the morphology of the terrain. The shapes of the basins can be considered as relevant data sources to obtain information on developments in the modeling of the Earth's surface with respect to the main drainage channel and its tributaries. The variables studied were the dimensional, pattern of drainage and relief. The cartographic IBGE and IGC were used for the ranking of the drainage network and for morphometric analysis. The watershed is characterized as a fluvial drainage exorreica, with consequent streams, and dendritica drainage. The low value of the form factor indicates a more elongated basin and with less risk of seasonal floods. The values of drainage density, frequency of rivers and bifurcation ratio, are considered low and indicate the formation of soil over rock permeable. The values of the relief ratio suggest a watershed with relatively mild relief. All physico-chemical properties of water differ statistically over the period analyzed. The values of pH and dissolved oxygen were more uniform than temperature. The electrical conductivity, total solids and turbidity were the more characteristics ranged during the year of collection. Turbidity, electrical conductivity and total solids were the best water features to differentiate the management. On the basin B8 (sugar cane) and basin B17 (pine) the properties of water behave with the largest changes, probably due to the scarce ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-07-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nunes_sa_me_ilha.pdf: 174767 bytes, checksum: 00eaef19c447b10678eb7b2301bc27aa (MD5) / Este trabalho visou estudar a influência do estágio de lactação e da ordem de parição em relação às características físico-químicas e verificar a composição geral do leite de cabra no decorrer da lactação. Para o experimento, foram observadas vinte cabras Saanen mantidas em regime de confinamento. As amostras foram coletadas semanalmente e, após a coleta, foram refrigeradas e encaminhadas para análise no Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Faculdade de Engenharia/UNESP, Câmpus de Ilha Solteira, onde foram realizadas as determinações físico-químicas: pH (25°C), acidez titulável (°D), densidade (g/l) a 15°C, teor de gordura (%), cinzas (%), extrato seco total (EST %), extrato seco desengordurado (ESD %), nitrogênio total (%), proteína bruta (%). Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho permitiram chegar aos seguintes valores médios para a composição geral: 3,01% para proteína total (PB), 2,74% para teor de gordura, 0,78% para cinzas; para o perfil nitrogenado distribuindo-se em: 3,01% para proteína bruta (PB), 0,48% para fração nitrogenada não-proteíca (NNP); para as características: 1.030,07 g/l para a densidade a 15°C, 6,62 para pH a 25°C, 16,69°D para acidez titulável, 11,07% para extrato seco total (EST) calculado e 8,32% para extrato seco desengordurado (ESD), também calculado. Do ponto de vista da Inspeção, o perfil do leite de cabra em relação ao experimento está de acordo com o Decreto n.º 9525 de 15/12/1986 para leite de cabra, apresentando-se apto para o consumo. / This work aimed to study the influence of the stage of lactation and of the order of kidding according to the physicochemical characteristics and to verify the general composition of the milk of goats during the lactation. For the experiment twenty Saanen goats kept in the regime of confinement were observed. The samples were collected weekly and after the collection were refrigerated and sent for analysis in the Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Faculdade de Engenharia/UNESP, Câmpus de Ilha Solteira, where the determinations physicochemical were made: pH (25°C), titrable acidity (°D), density (g/l) a 15°C, fat content (%), ashes (%), total solids (ST %), defatted solids(SD%), total nitrogen (%), crude protein (%).The results obtained in this study permited to arrive to the following medium values to the general composition: 3,01% to crude protein (PB), 2,74% to fat content, 0,78% to ashes; to the nitrogen profile distributing in: 3,01% to crude protein (PB), 0,48% to fraction no protein nitrogen (NNP); to the characteristics: 1.030,07 g/l to density a 15°C, 6,62 to pH a 25°C, 16,69°D to titrable acidity, 11,07% to total solids (ST) calculated and 8,32% to defatted solids (SD), also calculated. From Inspection the point of view of the profile of the goat milk in relation to the experiment is in agreement with the Decreet nº 9525 of 15/12/1986 for goat milk, presenting apt to the consume.

Com o objetivo de determinar as características físico-químicas e a origem floral de méis produzidos por Apis mellifera L., 1758, na região da Chapada do Araripe, município de Santana do Cariri/Ceará foram determinados no Laboratório de Apicultura do Setor de Entomologia da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, USP: os açúcares totais, açúcares redutores, sacarose, umidade, hidroximetilfurfural, proteína, cinzas, pH, acidez, índice de formol, condutividade elétrica, cor, viscosidade e análises polínicas de 21 amostras de méis colhidas em novembro e dezembro de 2001. Os resultados demonstraram que os valores médios dos parâmetros físico-químicos das amostras analisadas encontram-se dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira. Pelas análises polínicas dos méis, foi verificada a presença do tipo Serjania (cipó-uva) em todas as amostras analisadas, aparecendo como pólen dominante na maioria delas. / This research deals with the determination of the physicochemical characteristics and floral origin of honeys produced by Apis mellifera L., 1758, in the region of Chapada do Araripe, municipality of Santana do Cariri, State of Ceará, Brazil. The experiments were set at the Laboratory of Apiculture, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Agricultural Zoology, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The following parameters were determined: total sugars, reducing sugars, sucrose, humidity, hydroxymethylfurfural, protein, ashes, pH, acidity, formaldehyde index, electrical conductivity, color, viscosity and pollen analysis of 21 samples of honeys collected in November and December, 2001. The results have indicated that the mean values of the physicochemical parameters of the samples are in between the limits required by the Brazilian legislation. The pollen analysis of the honeys showed the presence of the plant Serjania type (“cipó-uva”) in all the honey samples.

A crescente busca por uma alimentação mais saudável e com valor agregado aumenta a necessidade de desenvolvimento de pesquisas que visem não só conhecer os alimentos, como também desenvolver e caracterizar novos produtos. Assim é fundamental que profissionais da área técnica que atuam em indústrias de alimentos e em institutos de pesquisa, trabalhem em conjunto com os profissionais da área da saúde, contribuindo para a prevenção de doenças e promoção da saúde da população. O objetivo geral do estudo foi elaborar e avaliar a atividade antibacteriana in loco de derivados lácteos elaborados a partir de grãos de kefir frente a microrganismos padrão de interesse em alimentos; e determinar a composição físico-química e microbiológica dos produtos. Inicialmente duas formulações de leite fermentado kefir (kefir 1 e 2) foram elaboradas, a primeira com leite pasteurizado e grãos de kefir e a segunda com leite pasteurizado, leite em pó e grãos de kefir. A composição centesimal e de minerais foi avaliada no leite utilizado como matéria-prima e nas formulações de leite fermentado, onde determinou-se também o pH e foi realizada a contagem de bactérias láticas totais. Com base na composição centesimal do kefir, foi verificada a possibilidade de atribuição de propriedade nutricional ao alimento e a conformidade em relação ao regulamento técnico de identidade e qualidade dos leites fermentados. Na sequencia, duas formulações de queijo (Q1 e Q2) e soro (S1 e S2) de kefir foram elaboradas a partir da coagulação microbiana realizada com grãos de kefir e determinada a composição centesimal e o pH. Cinco diferentes densidades populacionais de Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) e Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) referidas no estudo como A, B, C, D e E (sendo A > B > C > D > E) foram inoculadas nas formulações de kefir, queijo e soro, sendo determinada a atividade antibacteriana in loco após 0, 24, 48 e 72 horas de confronto. Paralelamente cinco lotes de dez marcas comerciais de leite pasteurizado e leite UHT foram avaliados quanto à conformidade em relação à legislação de rotulagem e aos padrões de identidade e qualidade estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira. As formulações de kefir apresentaram atividade antibacteriana significativa frente às diferentes densidades populacionais dos patógenos em estudo após de 24 horas de exposição, não sendo observada atividade antibacteriana entre 24 e 72 horas de confronto. Kefir 1 e 2 atenderam aos parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos previstos no regulamento técnico de identidade e qualidade de leites fermentados avaliados no estudo. A formulação 1 pode receber a declaração de “fonte de proteínas”, “reduzido em calorias” e “baixo teor de sódio” e a formulação 2 de “alto conteúdo de proteínas”, “baixo teor de sódio” e “alto conteúdo de zinco”. As formulações de queijo e soro de kefir também apresentaram atividade antibacteriana frente aos microrganismos alimentares testados, principalmente após 24 horas de confronto. A atividade antibacteriana foi mais intensa frente à Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229), obtendo-se atividade antibacteriana máxima após 48 e 72 horas de confronto de Q1, Q2, S1 e S2 com diferentes densidades populacionais do microrganismo testadas. As formulações do soro de kefir foram as que apresentaram maior atividade antibacteriana quando comparadas com o kefir e o queijo. Todas as marcas comerciais de leite avaliadas estavam em conformidade com a legislação brasileira de rotulagem. Uma marca de leite pasteurizado integral e três marcas de leite UHT integral não atenderam aos parâmetros mínimos de identidade e qualidade em pelo menos dois dos cinco lotes avaliados, apontando falhas no processo de beneficiamento. Mais pesquisas relacionadas à qualidade dos alimentos e aos derivados lácteos obtidos mediante o emprego de grãos de kefir são indicadas, explorando aspectos sensoriais, físico-químicos e microbiológicos destes alimentos, ampliando sua utilização em dietas. / The growing demand for a healthier and value-added food increases the need for research that aims not only to know food, but also to develop and characterize new products. So it is essential that technical professionals working in the food industry and research institutes to work together with health professionals, contributing to the prevention of disease and promotion of health. The overall objective of the study was to develop and evaluate the in loco antibacterial activity of dairy products made from kefir grains against standard foodborne; and to determine the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of these products. Initially two formulations of kefir fermented milk (kefir 1 and 2) were prepared, the first with pasteurized milk and kefir grains and the second with pasteurized milk, powdered milk and kefir grains. The chemical and mineral composition of raw material (milk and powdered milk) and kefir products was evaluated, and were also determined the pH and the total lactic acid bacteria count. Based on the chemical composition of kefir, there was verified the possible nutritional property statements and also the compliance of the products with the standards of identity and quality for fermented milks. In sequence, two cheese formulations (Q1 and Q2) and serum (S1 and S2) of kefir were prepared from microbial coagulation made with kefir grains and determined the chemical composition and pH. Five different bacterial densities of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) referred as A, B, C, D and E (where A> B> C> D> E) were inoculated in kefir, cheese and whey formulations and determined the in loco antibacterial activity after 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours of confrontation. Five batches of ten commercial brands of pasteurized and UHT milk were evaluated according to the rules for labeling and the identity and quality standards established by the Brazilian food law. The kefir formulations showed significant antibacterial activity against different population densities after 24 hours of exposure and no antibacterial activity was observed between 24 and 72 hours of confrontation. Kefir 1 and 2 met the physicochemical and microbiological parameters established by the technical regulation of identity and quality of fermented milks. Formulation 1 fit the nutrition claims "source of protein", "low calories" and "low sodium", and kefir 2 "high protein content", "low sodium" and "high zinc content". The cheese formulations and kefir whey also showed antibacterial activity against the microorganisms, especially after 24 hours of confrontation. The antibacterial activity was more pronounced against Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229), with highest antibacterial activity after 48 and 72 hour confrontation of different population densities with Q1, Q2, S1 and S2. The kefir whey formulations showed higher antibacterial activity than kefir and cheese. All trademarks evaluated were in accordance with the Brazilian food labeling regulations. One pasteurized milk brand and three whole UHT milk brands did not meet the minimum standards of identity and quality in at least two of the five lots assessed, indicating flaws in the production process. More research related to quality of food and dairy products obtained through the use of kefir grains are indicated by exploring sensory, physicochemical and microbiological aspects of these foods, what could expand its use in diets.