<p><p>Abstract</p><p>From the beginning of my education I have had a lot of thoughts about the students and their learningprocess. Thoughts like what affects childrens ability to learn, why they learn and how you create possibilities for learning. Because of those thoughts I chose to write my exam about what affects childrens inclination and motivation towards learning. I wanted to explore what factors there are in the students surroundings that affects their ability and motivation</p><p>towards learning. In my research I was trying to get a broader view of what components that are important to aknowledge in order to pursue a god education. I did my interviews and observations in an South African school in a township in Eastern Cape Province. One of the teachers said to me in her interview that the most important thing for a teacher is to love the child. Because if the child does’nt feel loved then they have no ability to learn anything. She also said that it’s important for the children to feel that they are good enough. In order for everyone to get that opputunity the education has to be varied so that everyone gets the chance to do something they are good at. The teacher has to show the children patience, love and enthusiasm towards the childrens work. The teacher has to work as a guide for the children on their journey towards knowledge, without ruling and deciding on wcich path they shold take. A student also told me that you have to enjoy yourself in school because if it’s not fun you won’t learn anything. It’s important for every human beeing to take part of new knowledge because it makes them grow as an individual and as a person.</p></p>

Abstract From the beginning of my education I have had a lot of thoughts about the students and their learningprocess. Thoughts like what affects childrens ability to learn, why they learn and how you create possibilities for learning. Because of those thoughts I chose to write my exam about what affects childrens inclination and motivation towards learning. I wanted to explore what factors there are in the students surroundings that affects their ability and motivation towards learning. In my research I was trying to get a broader view of what components that are important to aknowledge in order to pursue a god education. I did my interviews and observations in an South African school in a township in Eastern Cape Province. One of the teachers said to me in her interview that the most important thing for a teacher is to love the child. Because if the child does’nt feel loved then they have no ability to learn anything. She also said that it’s important for the children to feel that they are good enough. In order for everyone to get that opputunity the education has to be varied so that everyone gets the chance to do something they are good at. The teacher has to show the children patience, love and enthusiasm towards the childrens work. The teacher has to work as a guide for the children on their journey towards knowledge, without ruling and deciding on wcich path they shold take. A student also told me that you have to enjoy yourself in school because if it’s not fun you won’t learn anything. It’s important for every human beeing to take part of new knowledge because it makes them grow as an individual and as a person.

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<p><em>Determining bumpiness and inclination of surfaces is very important in many different areas, such as airports and at constructions sites. In this study, a surveying trolley and a remote controlled (RC) car were used to determine the bumpiness of two different surfaces. The aim with this study was to test the accuracy of a surveying trolley and an RC car to see how the accuracy can be increased with different observation methods. Total station, GPS and laser scanner surveying equipments were used, and all observations obtained by them were analysed. The laser scanner data was found to have the best precision. For that reason, it was accepted as the “true” data and it was used for comparing and evaluating other methods. It was found that the trolley and the RC car provided good height information with total stations and they were corresponding to the laser scanner data. When they were used with GPS, the accuracy was much lower. It was concluded that using two total stations is not increasing the accuracy, the RC car and the trolley are good measuring methods but not capable to inspect 1,2 mm tolerance for the floors, and finally, 2-3 cm positioning accuracy is obtainable when using GPS.</em></p>

Determining bumpiness and inclination of surfaces is very important in many different areas, such as airports and at constructions sites. In this study, a surveying trolley and a remote controlled (RC) car were used to determine the bumpiness of two different surfaces. The aim with this study was to test the accuracy of a surveying trolley and an RC car to see how the accuracy can be increased with different observation methods. Total station, GPS and laser scanner surveying equipments were used, and all observations obtained by them were analysed. The laser scanner data was found to have the best precision. For that reason, it was accepted as the “true” data and it was used for comparing and evaluating other methods. It was found that the trolley and the RC car provided good height information with total stations and they were corresponding to the laser scanner data. When they were used with GPS, the accuracy was much lower. It was concluded that using two total stations is not increasing the accuracy, the RC car and the trolley are good measuring methods but not capable to inspect 1,2 mm tolerance for the floors, and finally, 2-3 cm positioning accuracy is obtainable when using GPS.

Falls in the workplace are a major cause of injuries and fatalities. Muscle fatigue is one important factor that has been linked to a decrement in postural control and a potential increased falling risk. However, potential interactive effects of muscle fatigue with other risk factors remain unclear, and practical interventions are needed to mitigate the adverse effects of muscle fatigue. The current work was conducted to address these research needs through three experimental studies. The first study investigated how muscle fatigue affects postural control during quiet standing on inclined surfaces. Inclined surfaces compromised postural control, with the most deleterious effects found while standing in a lateral direction. Fatigue did not result in further decrements in postural control during standing on inclined surfaces. The second study investigated the effects of muscle fatigue on postural control while lifting unexpected loads. Lifting an object with unexpected mass compromised postural control, with a more substantial effect found in the unexpectedly light load condition. Fatigue-related effects were not consistent, though there was evidence that lumbar muscle fatigue did not compound the adverse effects of lifting an object in unexpected mass conditions. The last study evaluated the efficacy of three interventions (two auditory stimulations and periodic rest breaks) at mitigating the adverse effects of muscle fatigue on postural control. Allowance of rest breaks did not improve postural control during the fatiguing work, though it was indicated that benefits may be present for some individuals. Both a static pure tone and moving conversation appeared to offset fatigue-induced postural instability. The current research provides a more comprehensive understanding of the contribution of muscle fatigue to fall risks during occupationally relevant tasks and assessed the efficacy of practical interventions to reduce the risk of falls. These findings may facilitate the development of strategies to prevent occupational falls related to muscle fatigue, inclined surfaces, and manual material handling tasks. / Ph. D.

Inaccuracy in landmark identification is regarded as the most important source of error in cephalometry. Better definition of landmarks should therefore contribute to better clinical decisions and research validity. This study primarily comprised of an ex vivo investigation on 50 extracted lower incisor teeth to determine whether radiopaque markers could be utilised to accurately assess lower incisor inclination. Fifty extracted lower incisor teeth were mounted onto a Perspex sheet. Radiopaque markers, manufactured from 1mm wide strips of lead film from used peri-apical radiographs, were attached to the crowns of the mounted teeth. A lateral cephalometric radiograph was taken in accordance to standard radiographic procedures (radiograph A). This showed the true inclination of the teeth. A second radiograph was taken with the roots obscured (radiograph B). Three observers traced the inclinations of the teeth on radiograph B (from incisor edge through the middle of the labio-lingual crown-root junction). The determination was done on two different occasions and the assessments compared with the true inclination. Comparative statistical analysis was applied to the readings and the results indicated that this method compared favourably with other methods to determine incisor inclination. In addition, clinical application of opaque markers to the teeth of patients demonstrated the following: it indicated exactly which tooth was being assessed, provided clear definition of the anatomical crown in the sagittal plane and served as a constant reference point for clinical, study model and cephalometric measurements. decisions and research validity. Opaque radiographic markers on teeth can contribute to more accurate cephalometric measurements in orthodontics, leading to better diagnoses, treatment planning and research validity. / Thesis (MChD (Orthodontics))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Orthodontics / unrestricted

Abstract ESTHETIC PREFERENCES FOR MAXILLARY INCISOR LABIOLINGUAL INCLINATION ACROSS RACES by Elvi Marie Barcoma, D.D.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015 Major Director: Bhavna Shroff, D.M.D., M.Dent.Sc, Program Director, Orthodontics Objective: To determine if people of different racial backgrounds prefer different amounts of maxillary incisor labiolingual inclination from a smiling profile view. Materials and Methods: An electronic survey was created with smiling profile images of an African-American female and a White female with varying degrees of maxillary incisor labiolingual inclination. Images were ranked from most attractive to least attractive. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the overall preference for maxillary incisor labiolingual inclination between African-American and White evaluators or between genders. The estimated optimal incisal inclination across races was -8.1°. Conclusions: There was no clinically significant difference in the estimated optimal inclination across races or between genders. The average of the top three maxillary incisor inclinations ranged between -10° and -5°. The majority of evaluators preferred retroclined maxillary incisors over proclined maxillary incisors.

This research focuses on the study of Taiwan college level students¡¦ attitude toward national identity, including their ideology and overall thought process. This study also provides a complete spectrum regarding to students¡¦ background, and ethnic group. This study hopes to provide significant suggestions for further research, planning over this subject in the future. This study applied stratified sampling method to collect survey data from 1128 (valid samples) college level students around Kaohsiung area. This investigation is based on the measurement of ¡§College Level Students¡¦ National Identity Survey Form¡¨ and the collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson product-moment correlation. The major findings were described as follows: 1. Kaohsiung area college level students clearly show the identification with national (R.O.C.) symbol, Chinese culture and the Taiwan institution, however, there is no clear indication to show their preference of national image, and their standings that Taiwan should be unified with China or be an independent state. In summary, the collected data could not tell the inclination to Taiwan or China. 2. In Kaohsiung area, students with different background factors clearly show variant inclination in national identity; those factors can be identified as: ¡§political party preference¡¨, ¡§ethnic group influence¡¨. 3. Based on the results of ¡§National Identity Multi-Spectrum Survey Form¡¨, the students¡¦ ideology is strongly correlated with their ethnic culture identification, however, the correlation between the students¡¦ ideology and the symbol of the state, national image, inclination to unification or independence is moderate; finally, the correlation between students¡¦ thinking disposition and institutional identity shows weak link. 4. For Kaohsiung area college level students, ethnic culture identification is an important factor for their attitude toward national identification; this phenomenon also implies a strong divergence between ethnic culture identification. However, it seems institutional identification is a fair factor for students¡¦ attitude toward national identification. This also indicates students do not have significant dispute over this subject.

Following the prosperity and economic growth of society, the people in Taiwan start to pay attention to the quality of hospitalization and personal health care. There are numerous new types of medical care business start to grow to meet these demands; hence the pressure of the competition in the medical care market becomes more serious ever. An immediate and important task is to utilize the knowledge and experience of the medical care workers to improve the quality of medical care service hence to create a long-term competitiveness. However, to enhance the quality of medical service, it needs to satisfy its internal customers (employees) to provide a high quality products and service. Then with high quality products and service, it will produce the satisfactory outside customers. This study focuses on the relationship between medical care industry knowledge employee¡¦s work values, motivation equality and resignation inclination. The actual survey objects are the employees of the hospitals, the pharmaceutical manufacturing and biotech related industry. This research adopts the random selection methodology for questionnaire. A total of 338 questionnaires were collected to perform the statistic analysis. The results are emphasizing the individual attributes of medical care knowledge worker to his work values, motivation equality, and resignation inclination. In summary: 1. Different individual attributes of medical care knowledge worker have significant difference in work values. 2. Different individual attributes of medical care knowledge worker have significant difference in resignation inclination. 3. Medical care knowledge workers¡¦ work values in different level have significant impact on resignation inclination. 4. Interaction between medical care knowledge workers¡¦ individual attributes and motivation equality has significant impact on resignation inclination. 5. Interaction between medical care knowledge workers¡¦ work values and motivation equality has significant impact on resignation inclination. Based on the results mentioned above, this study recommends the following suggestions to the medical care industry: (1) establish an equal and justice decision process and a transparent employee salary system, (2) enhance the mutual trust between the medical care industry and medical care workers, (3) pay attention to workers¡¦ career and development, and increase the human capital, (4) create an excellent working environment, and to allow the growth for both business and workers, (5) remove any blocks in the communication channels to create a win-win situation between medical care employer and workers. To future researchers on this topic, the author suggests that the research objectives should be expanded to the whole medical care industry. The statistical methodology should adopt the Stratified Random Sampling method. Data collection uses questionnaire mainly but complements with other observation method and in-depth interview method. There are many factors to affect the employee¡¦s resignation inclination, but only the worker¡¦s work values, motivation equality, and individual attributes to be selected as the variables. Other variables, such as organization climate, behavior of leadership, and etc.., are not included in this research. The author recommends that the future study can concentrate on the actual case study for the resignation inclination problems by using multi-variable analysis method.