Orientador: Rodolfo Hoffmann / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T15:22:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dare_EduardoFreguglia_M.pdf: 1554795 bytes, checksum: b888e5f1482824c3c8ae4c4e5049ac5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho investiga a contribuição dos rendimentos do funcionalismo público para a evolução da desigualdade no Brasil, medida através do índice de Gini. A metodologia utilizada, que decompõe esse índice segundo parcelas da renda, mostra que as mudanças na desigualdade geral podem ser explicadas pelas variações na composição e concentração da renda dessas mesmas parcelas. Utilizando dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 1995 a 2009, é analisada tanto a evolução no número de funcionários públicos como seus rendimentos, considerando os regimes de contratação praticados pelo setor público e/ou seus entes federativos. Com base nessas informações, as contribuições das diversas parcelas para as mudanças na desigualdade geral nos mandatos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) e Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (Lula) são apresentadas, analisadas e comparadas. Conclui-se que os rendimentos do funcionalismo público como um todo colaboram para a queda do índice de Gini na gestão FHC, mas contribuem para seu aumento durante o governo Lula / Abstract: This paper investigates the contribution of earnings of civil servants to the evolution of income inequality in Brazil, as measured by the Gini index. The methodology, which decomposes such index according to shares of income, shows that changes in overall inequality can be explained by variations in composition and concentration of income from these same shares. Using the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) from 1995 to 2009, both the evolution in the number of public employees and their income are analyzed, considering the employment schemes practiced by the public sector and/or its federal entities. Based on this information, the contributions for changes in overall inequality in the mandates of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) and Luis Inácio Lula da Silva (Lula) are presented, analyzed and compared. We conclude that the income of civil servants as a whole cooperate to the Gini index reduction in the FHC administration, but contribute to its increase during the Lula government / Mestrado / Ciências Economicas / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

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Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Chile is one the most developed countries in Latin America with stable market-oriented economy and sustainable economic growth, becoming the first South American country to join the OECD. Nevertheless, it is also the country with the highest inequality of income in the OECD and one of the most unequal countries in the world. The biggest challenge for the next decade seems to be the reduction of inequalities and poverty. To achieve these goals, Chile needs to implement better policy in the area of production, innovations, finances, but also health and education. The thesis examines the development of inequality in Chile, its current situation and the impacts of inequality on the society, focusing on the problematic areas such as education and health. Additionally, it presents possible solutions and recommendations for Chile to reduce the high level of inequalities, including the external help. The main resources used for the analysis are the information published by the World Bank, OECD or European Commission and complemented with statistics and reports of Chilean government.

It is the belief in the discipline of Urban Land Economics that as one moves further from the city center population density decreases and average household income increases. These two hypotheses have shown to be accurate in describing cities in the United States, but few studies have been done to see if the two hypotheses are also true for Canadian cities. The general intent of the thesis, therefore, was to properly model the population density pattern and income pattern of Metropolitan Vancouver to see how well they could be explained and to see if they followed the patterns of American cities. In order to address the general intent, several specific issues dealing with density and income studies had to be examined: the functional form of the models, the best proxy of access (straight-line distance or time spent in travel to the city center), whether determinants other than distance should be used in the density equation, and whether Metropolitan Vancouver should be modelled as a monocentric or multi-centric city. The techniques applied to answer these questions and fulfil the general intent included reviewing the literature, applying theory to develop models and then using ordinary least squares to test the models. The results were very good. Although no functional form could be derived for the income pattern, the negative exponential form proved, theoretically and practically, to work well for the density pattern. The distance variable was a better determinant of density than the travel time variable. Two variables, income and distance, proved to be the best determinants of population density by explaining almost half of the variation in population density. Finally, Metropolitan Vancouver was shown to be a multi-centric region but added effects of the extra center did little to help explain the density patterns. The results also showed that population density in Metropolitan Vancouver does decrease and, although not conclusive, income does generally increase with distance from the city center. These facts support the hypotheses and suggest that the density and income patterns are much like those of major U.S. cities. / Business, Sauder School of / Real Estate Division / Graduate

Thesis: M.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science, 1977 / Bibliography : leaves 239-252. / M.S. / M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science

Income inequality is in a majority of earlier studies more or less affirmatively agreed to be negatively related to economic growth. The underlying complexity of the connection lacks well-tried backing in the modern time. The main purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between income inequality and economic growth, but also the effects of other factors, such as human capital and investment. This is conducted with a panel data approach on 34 OECD countries with data over the period 1990-2010. Aggregate income inequality, represented by the Gini coefficient is used in the empirical estimation, together with two other variables to control for the income inequality at the bottom and top end of the income distribution. The results indicate the aggregate inequality level to be significantly and positively related to growth, while bottom end and top end inequality is seen to have a significant and negative relationship with growth. The level of GDP per capita, education and population growth is also seen to have an impact on economic growth.

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This dissertation is divided into three distinct chapters looking at the theoretical and empirical relationship between monetary policy, inflation, and income distribution in industrialized countries. The first chapter investigates the effect of monetary policy on the income share of workers at the industry level in Canada and the United States. The second chapter studies the relationship between firms' markups and inflation during the 2021-22 inflation surge in select industrialized countries. The third chapter assesses the Taylor-rule framework of monetary policy with regards to an estimated central bank reaction function for several industrialized countries, analyzing its potential effects on the rentier income share over time. This dissertation makes several contributions to the economic literature, particularly in the field of post-Keynesian empirical macroeconomics.