Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Orthodontic treatment being provided by pediatric dentists and general practitioners in Indiana was investigated. A two page questionnaire constructed by the investigator was used to gather the data. The study sample consisted of 571 dentists. All 71 Indiana pediatric dentists primarily in private practice were surveyed. General practitioners (500) were chosen on the basis of age, year of graduation from dental school, geographic location and size of community in which they practiced. Seventy-eight percent of the questionnaires were returned; of this total, 93 percent of the pediatric dentists and 77 percent of the general practitioners responded. The study showed that currently in Indiana 62 percent of the pediatric dentists and 17.9 percent of the general practitioners surveyed provided comprehensive orthodontic treatment. These results are much higher than results of previous surveys of pediatric dentists and general practitioners. The study also found that pediatric dentists provide significantly more comprehensive orthodontic treatment and spend significantly more time providing orthodontic treatment than do general practitioners. Age of practitioner was found not to significantly affect the percentage of time spent providing orthodontic treatment, the orthodontic conditions treated or the type of appliances and techniques used. Population of the community in which the practice was located did have a significant effect. Practitioners in communities of over 100,000 provided significantly less comprehensive orthodontic treatment. Practitioners who practiced in communities of 5,000-25,000 spent significantly more time providing orthodontic services. Sixty-three percent of the practitioners surveyed had taken some type of continuing education course in orthodontics. An overwhelming majority of practitioners (over 90 percent) stated that their undergraduate orthodontic training in dental school inadequately prepared them for private practice. The majority of pediatric dentists (78 percent) also stated that their postgraduate education instruction in orthodontics was inadequate.

No description available.

There is an increasing awareness among landscape architects and other designers that although it is axiomatic that environmental concerns play a major role in design, it is also necessary to identify and address the issues of place that form a vital part of the well-being of the whole person. One major issue is that of genius loci. the spirit of place. The object of this project is to describe some of the elements that go to make up the spirit of place that is unique to Indiana. "The stage we're at in Indiana, I don't think we have a real 'Indiana' landscape that has sifted out, I think we're still stretching our wings and discovering what we have here." (Eric Ernstberger, Indiana Landscape Architect.)The project consists of four sections:1. Investigation into the history of and writings on contextualism and regionalism both in general and in relation to the Midwest of the USA in particular.2. A. Preference survey of Indiana residents taken from an opportunity sample of 180 residents in three areas of the State, administered by interview. B.Interviews with two practising Indiana Landscape Architects, expressing their thoughts on designing for Indiana.3. Visual catalog of artworks, photographs and excerpts from the writings of Christian Norburg-Schulz on Genius Loci and Rachel Peden on Indiana.4. Color slide presentation to class of students on the above. / Department of Landscape Architecture

Depth to water table in soils influences soil properties such as color and horizon thickness and, in some cases, determines soil classification under Soil Taxonomy. The objective of this study was to determine the depth to water table in three Indiana soil series and to evaluate the effect of soil series and landscape on water table levels. The three soils studied were moderately well drained Glynwood, somewhat poorly drained Blount, and poorly drained Pewamo soil series. The effect of soil horizon on water table levels was also examined.Data were collected from 3/21/94 to 6/6/94 at the Hults Environmental Learning Center in Albany, Indiana. The effect of soil type on water table levels was observed as measurable differences in drainage characteristics in the three soil series. Soil horizon had limited effect on water table fluctuations. Water percolated easily through all A horizons. Water temorarily perched upon the B horizon in the Glynwood soils. Landscape position appeared to play a limited role in water table fluctuations. / Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management

"The penal publication is a voice crying in the wilderness of public and sometimes officials apathy. It is a voice carrying the pleas and convictions of a suppressed segment of our population." Thus was the June 14, 1963, Pendleton Reflector's description of a penal publication.The Reflector was one of 27 penal publications published during the last 85 years in one of the six Indiana Correctional institutions studied: Indiana Boys' School; Indiana Girls' School; Indiana Women's Prison; Indiana State Farm; Indiana State Prison; and Indiana Reformatory.Indiana penal press history began during the 1890's when the Plainfield Reformatory (Indiana Boys" School), Hot Drops (Indiana Reformatory), and Reflector (Indiana Reformatory began publication. Only the Reflector, discontinued in 1972, maintained publication into the 1900's. During the 75 year existence of the Reflector, most other Indiana penal publications began and ceased publication. Many existed for only a few issues; other published for several years.Content prior to 1940 consisted primarily of feature and outside news material, while post 1940 content concentrated on inside news and inmate views.Though material included capital punishment, riots, escape, and an occasional beating, penal publication content was not responsible for the death of the Indiana penal press. Instead, censored material not allowed inside the pages of the Lake Shore Outlook (Indiana State Prison) was written, smuggled out of prison, and published. The resulting book written by the Outlook staff, An Eye For An Eye, marked the first of a series of events leading to the cessation of publication of both the Lake Shore Outlook and The Pendleton Reflector. By 1973, only The Boys' School Herald and Super Star Spectrum (Indiana Boys' School and Indiana Girls' School) continued to publish.Little prospect is in store for the reinstitution of penal publications at Indiana State Prison, Indiana Reformatory, Indiana State Farm, or Indiana Women's Prison.

There is no abstract available for this thesis.

"Something Under the Covers" is a factual report of the discovery of a prehistoric mammoth on a farm near Fairmount, Indiana, in the spring of 1904. It describes the circumstances of its excavation and subsequent purchase and shipment to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.The project required intensive research into the documents of the time and interviews with historians and paleontologists to ensure accuracy. Onsite observations and personal conversations were utilized to provide specific details to evoke the places and people involved in the piece.These are the techniques of "literary journalists" who manage to inform and engage their readers by embellishing factual information with the age-old devices of the storyteller. The creative project selects a historical event to demonstrate these techniques. If it is successful, the reader will be entertained and enlightened by "Something Under the Covers." / Department of Journalism

Tornadoes pose a significant threat to residents of Indiana due to a large relative frequency of events that is comparable to most states within classic Tornado Alley. Because of this threat weather forecasters must be very aware of atmospheric environments that lead to tornadogenesis. In some cases these environments are obvious; in others mesoscale variability conducive to tornadogenesis may not be easy to identify. As a result the purpose of this study is to determine if mesoscale variability along primary land-cover boundaries plays a significant role in the climatology of tornadogenesis in Indiana. This is accomplished by developing a set of spatial and temporal climatologies for all significant (F2 and greater damage) Indiana tornadoes from 1955 - 2001. These climatologies are used to determine if spatial distributions of tomadogenesis events are influenced over space and time by significant land-cover boundaries. Results of this research seem to suggest that land-cover boundaries play a role in the tornado climatology of Indiana, with large tornadogenesis frequencies in Lake County, Marion County, and along a corridor extending from central into southern Indiana. Urban heat island circulations seem to play a role in the Lake and Marion counties' frequency maxima, while non-classical mesoscale circulations (NCMCs) appear to contribute to the frequency maxima in southern Indiana. / Department of Geography

The purpose of the study was to determine which of the three selected taxes, incomes, sales, and property and combinations of the three selected taxes in each of the three selected taxation Models I, II, and III, produced the most equitable distribution of the tax burden upon the entire mean family total income group population in Indiana.Mean tax burden scores were computed for each tax and combination of taxes, income, sales, and property in each of the three selected taxation Models I, II, and III, and then compared to determine which of the three selected taxation Models I, II, or III produced the most of the tax burden upon the entire mean group population.One Group Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance was used to statistically analyze four null hypotheses and twelve sub-hypotheses formulated to test if a statistically significant difference existed between the income, sales, property and combined tax burdens in each of the three selected taxation Models I, II, and III. None of the four null hypotheses were rejected.Findings of the study revealed that combined tax burdens in taxation Model III were larger than the observed mean income, sales, property and combined tax burdens in either taxation Model I and II. However, when statistically compared and analyzed no statistically significant differences were found to exist between the observed mean income, property, sales and combined tax burdens in each of the three taxation Models I, II, and III. Therefore, when compared, neither taxation Model I, II, or III produced the most equitable distribution of the income, property, sales or combined tax burden.The following conclusions were drawn from the findings with regard to the equitable distribution of the tax burden in each of the three selected taxation Models I, II, and III.1. A progressively graduated income tax was utilized in taxation Model III. A flat rate two percent income tax policy was utilized within taxation Model I, and a flat rate two percent income tax policy with an $8 per person sales tax credit was utilized within taxation Model III. As a result, the observed mean income tax burden in taxation Model III was larger (1.013) than the observed mean income tax burden in either taxation Model I (1.000), or taxation Model II (1.009). However, when the observed mean tax burden scores in taxation Models I, II, and III were statistically compared and analyzed, the observed mean income tax burdens in taxation Model I, II, and III were found not to be significantly different. The evidence suggests, then, that neither income tax policy utilized in taxation Models I, II, or III produced a significantly more equitable distribution of the income tax burden.2. Evidence presented and analyzed indicated that property tax relief measures utilized within taxation Model I reduced the statewide property tax rate. As a result, the observed mean property tax burden in taxation Model I was larger (.984), than the observed mean property tax burden (.977) in taxation Model II. Utilization of a "Modified Minnesota Circuit-Breaker Property Tax Relief Plan" in taxation Model III, however, produced a larger (.993) observed mean property tax burden than either taxation Model I or II.However, when the observed mean property tax burdens in taxation Models I, II, and III were statistically compared and analyzed, the finding was that the observed mean property tax burdens in taxation Model I, II, and III were not significantly different. The evidence suggests, then, that neither property tax policy utilized in taxation Models I, II, or III produced a significantly more equitable distribution of the property tax burden.3. Evidence presented in the review of literature indicated that the utilization of a state sales tax reduces the regressivity of the overall state tax structure. Furthermore, a progressive state income tax was reported to reduce the regressivity of the overall state tax structure even more than thein taxation Model III. As a result, observed mean combined tax burden (1.005) in taxation Model III was indeed larger than the observed mean combined tax burden in either taxation Model I (.977) or taxation Model II (.976). Once again, however, when the observed mean combined tax burdens in taxation Models I, II, and III were statistically compared and analyzed, no significant difference was to exist between the combined tax burdens in taxation Models I, II, and III. Therefore, evidence presented in the study suggests that neither combination of income, sales, and property tax policies in taxation Models I, II, or III produced a significantly more equitable distribution of the combined tax burden.4. The observed mean sales tax burden in taxation Models I, II, and III were very similar, .991, .991, and .993 respectively. When the observed mean sales tax burdens in taxation Models I, II, and III were statistically compared and analyzed, however, no statistically significant difference was found to exist, even though the sales tax rate in taxation Model I was doubled in order to fund property tax relief measures. The evidence, then, suggests that neither sales tax policy utilized in taxation Models I, II, or III produced a significantly more equitable distribution of the sales tax burden.

Thesis--Indiana University. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-163).