This study explored and described the experiences of Eritrean immigrants regarding utilisation of healthcare services in Indianapolis. Qualitative descriptive phenomenological design was utilised. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview format, on eight conveniently selected Eritrean immigrants, living in Indianapolis. Data were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis Framework for data analysis. Three superordinate themes emerged from data analysis: Healthcare financing system, Positive side of healthcare services and Challenges related to utilisation of healthcare service. All these factors have an impact on the utilisation of the Healthcare services by Eritrean immigrants. Recommendations have been put forward to advocate for policy change regarding financing of healthcare services for immigrants and improved healthcare services to accommodate cultural diversity. Further research should be conducted on ways of improving utilisation of healthcare services by Eritrean immigrants in Indianapolis. / Public Health / M.A. (Health Studies)

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / El propósito de este estudio es realizar una descripción general de las actitudes de los padres de familias mexicanas en la ciudad de Indianápolis sobre el uso y mantenimiento del español. Se intenta describir los diferentes puntos de vista y actitudes que se consideran cuando los padres de familias deciden promover o no promover el uso, y por consiguiente, el mantenimiento del español por sus hijos. Además, se analizan otros parámetros relacionados con las actitudes, el bilingüismo, la educación bilingüe, y el mantenimiento del español y su relación con el mantenimiento de la cultura mexicana.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Between 1890 and 1930 in the city of Indianapolis, people in charge made certain decisions regarding infrastructure—the character and condition of streets and sidewalks, the provision of sewer services and garbage collection, the location of the city’s dump, and the placement of the city’s sewage treatment plant—that resulted in long-term health and safety consequences. In Indianapolis, as in most modern American cities, some neighborhoods are less healthy for their inhabitants than others. The least healthy neighborhoods—those with the highest rates of cancer, for example—are situated on the city’s southwest side. The southwest side of Indianapolis is also the location of the landfill, the sewage treatment plant, and much heavy industry. The entire city is at the mercy of an ill-designed sewer system, a system that taxpayers are spending millions annually to repair. The years from 1890 to 1930 saw the genesis of this state of affairs. In the city of Indianapolis since 1890, infrastructure has separated people from nature and from each other on two levels: its operational level, wherein it was an objective entity that performed according to its design, and its subjective level, where it operated as a social and hygienic barrier. Streets, curbs, sewers, and sidewalks are useful and necessary elements of public health and safety. We both want and need these elements to ensure our separation from things that are dangerous, such as speeding cars and contaminated water. When government officials exercise power to declare what parts of the city street are accessible to whom, or which neighborhoods will have a wastewater treatment plant, a landfill, or heavy industry nearby, infrastructure can work to separate people.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study explores the shared history of West Indianapolis and the White River and reveals an interdependent, yet conflicted, relationship between the people and the river. This relationship was part of a broader set of attitudes that natural resources were unlimited and that humans must master the landscape. From the founding of Indianapolis in 1821 until the flood of 1913, a series of uncoordinated human actions related to settlement and growth of the city took place. Despite noble intentions of progress and improvement, the cumulative effect of these actions resulted in unintended and undesired consequences in the form of a flood disaster in 1913, an unhealthy environment in West Indianapolis, and a negative identity for that community. One might argue that these results occurred because nineteenth century settlers in the Indianapolis area lacked an understanding of the nature of rivers or that scientists had not yet proven the germ theory. As shown in this study, however, the historical sources support an argument that the relationship between the people and the river dictated the fate of the river and the community of West Indianapolis, which suffered significant damage when White River overflowed its banks in the “Great Flood” of 1913.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / A group of well-to-do women formally organized the Indianapolis Free Kindergarten and Children’s Aid Society with the goal to open kindergartens for children like Onis Williams. Reverend Oscar C. McCulloch, a social gospel proponent, was influential in organizing these women as well as several other Indianapolis charitable organizations. The clubwomen of the Indianapolis Free Kindergarten and Children’s Aid Society collected funds and goods from local businesses and wealthy businessmen to support their work; the clubwomen also hosted teas, parties, and an annual ball to raise money. At first, the women of the Indianapolis Free Kindergarten and Children’s Aid Society (hereafter IFK) opened kindergartens and distributed clothing to young children in the poorest districts of the city. Over time, however, IFK expanded to include adult programs, programs for children of all ages, and opened a teachers’ training school. This thesis consists of three chapters. The first chapter will focus on the Indiana Primary and Normal Training School, the teacher training school run by IFK. The second chapter will discuss the various social and academic programs available to Indianapolis children, including the actual kindergarten. The third chapter will focus on six different programs available to mothers whose children attended kindergartens and other programs. This thesis will show how some Indianapolis clubwomen used the teacher’s school, the kindergartens, and the programs for mothers of IFK to create a successful Progressive program that endured for nearly seventy years.

This creative project was developed as a supplement to the external stakeholder assessment component of the strategic planning process that Reach for Youth, Inc. (RFY)-a nonprofit youth organization located in Indianapolis, Indiana-adopted to create its strategic plan for 2002 to 2005. It supplemented the larger strategic planning process by positively engaging youth in focus group activities using surveys, creative exercises, and questionnaires, to attain their input and feedback, as program participants and primary stakeholders in the agency. As a result, youth participation validated the overall process, substantiated RFY's interest in expanding programs, influenced identification of critical issues that formed the basis of the plan, and sparked an organizational conversation about youth participation in the agency. The youth not only provided important feedback that informed RFY's strategic plan, they also were given a meaningful opportunity to express themselves as individuals, and had their roles in and contributions to the agency affirmed. / Department of Urban Planning

This thesis has presented a comprehensive study on the abandonment of historic school buildings by the Indianapolis Public Schools system from 1970 to 1997. During this period, IPS closed or demolished sixty-four city schools representing nearly fifty-three percent of all Indianapolis public schools in 1970. The principal reason behind the facility closings was a dramatic decline in student enrollment beginning in 1967, but rapidly accelerating after 1970.Several factors contributed to this fall in public school rolls: lower birth rates, the unified government system (Unigov) that merged Indianapolis and Marion County administrative functions, and highway construction and urban renewal projects that cleared large areas of residential neighborhoods. The most significant factor, however, was court mandated integration of Indianapolis public schools in 1970, which led many white families to flee the IPS district and eventually resulted in one way, cross-district busing in 1981.The approaches adopted by Indianapolis Public School officials and the school board between 1970 and 1997, in response to the loss of student population, demonstrates an evolution of policy concerning historic school buildings in the city's inventory. During the early rounds of large scale closings, 1972-1975 and 1980-1981, IPS authorities specifically targeted older schools for closing. This policy changed during the last period of closings, 1995-1997, as some consideration was placed in closing decisions on school buildings' historic and architectural significance.Indianapolis Public School procedures governing the sale of surplus schools also went through a transformation between 1970 and 1997. Until recently, IPS was little concerned about the intended use of former schools by potential buyers. As a result, many historic school buildings were lost due to neglect or outright demolition. In 1997, however, Indianapolis school officials began to take responsibility for ensuring that historic schools leaving IPS's stewardship be preserved. / Department of Architecture

The Indiana State Library and Historical Building, constructed in 1934, is an outstanding example of stripped classicism and Art Deco. The ornament on both the exterior and interior of the limestone structure portray the regional story of the development of Indiana. The monumental building is the most well‐known work by Indianapolis architectural firm Pierre and Wright. Little has been written on the Indiana State Library and Historical Building and a comprehensive architectural history has never before been compiled on this remarkable building. The subject of research pertains to the original building only. Investigation examines the architectural competition for the design, the construction process, the numerous carvings, large stained glass windows, and four murals, and the symbolism in the ornament of the Indiana State Library and Historical Building. Through research at the Indiana State Library and the Indiana State Archives and using both primary and secondary resources, the motivation for much of the ornament was discovered. Additionally, long forgotten details and symbolism were recovered. This research provides insight into the narrative as told by the architecture and ornament of the building. It may assist in the research on the 1976 addition and the 2002 renovation that has yet to be completed. Furthermore, it will likely aid in future renovations and restorations of the building. / Introduction -- Methodology -- Literature review -- A brief history -- The competition -- The architects -- Construction -- Materials -- Architectural style -- Exterior sculpture -- Leon Hermant sculptures -- Interior material -- Interior features and symbols -- Stained glass windows -- Murals -- J. Scott Williams, artist -- Conclusion. / Department of Architecture