O objetivo desta investigação foi responder à seguinte questão: o que as escolas devem fazer para realizar completamente sua tarefa de formar leitores? Eu relatei e analisei os procedimentos do projeto Letras e Livros na cidade de Embu das Artes/SP, entre os anos 2002 e 2006, que produziram uma redução substancial do número de crianças não alfabetizadas após quatro anos de escola. Os efeitos positivos desta ação fortaleceram nossa suposição, de que o apoio individual para crianças, social e cognitivamente vulneráveis, foi efetivo. Eles confirmaram também a hipótese de base psicogenética do valor das consignas de interesse pessoal e leitura cooperativa. A ampliação do repertório literário através de leitura em voz alta também foi decisiva. Os estudos de caso, produzidos durante o projeto, usados para análise e como modelo inspiradores no processo de formação, mostraram-se úteis para o aperfeiçoamento profissional da equipe. / The main purpose of this investigation was to answer the following question: what must schools do to fulfill completely their task of forming readers? I have related and analysed the procedures of the project Letras e Livros in the city of Embu das Artes/SP during the years 2002 to 2006, which produced a substantial reduction in the number of children who were not able read after four years of school. Positive effects of these actions suport our assumption, that individual personalysed help offered to socially and cognitinely vulnerable children were effective. They suported also the psychogenetically based hypothesis of the value of personally significant tasks and cooperative reading. Enlarging literary konowledge through oral readings was decisive too.The best case reports produced during the project were used for analysis and inspiring model prooving useful to improvement of professional skills.

O objetivo desta investigação foi responder à seguinte questão: o que as escolas devem fazer para realizar completamente sua tarefa de formar leitores? Eu relatei e analisei os procedimentos do projeto Letras e Livros na cidade de Embu das Artes/SP, entre os anos 2002 e 2006, que produziram uma redução substancial do número de crianças não alfabetizadas após quatro anos de escola. Os efeitos positivos desta ação fortaleceram nossa suposição, de que o apoio individual para crianças, social e cognitivamente vulneráveis, foi efetivo. Eles confirmaram também a hipótese de base psicogenética do valor das consignas de interesse pessoal e leitura cooperativa. A ampliação do repertório literário através de leitura em voz alta também foi decisiva. Os estudos de caso, produzidos durante o projeto, usados para análise e como modelo inspiradores no processo de formação, mostraram-se úteis para o aperfeiçoamento profissional da equipe. / The main purpose of this investigation was to answer the following question: what must schools do to fulfill completely their task of forming readers? I have related and analysed the procedures of the project Letras e Livros in the city of Embu das Artes/SP during the years 2002 to 2006, which produced a substantial reduction in the number of children who were not able read after four years of school. Positive effects of these actions suport our assumption, that individual personalysed help offered to socially and cognitinely vulnerable children were effective. They suported also the psychogenetically based hypothesis of the value of personally significant tasks and cooperative reading. Enlarging literary konowledge through oral readings was decisive too.The best case reports produced during the project were used for analysis and inspiring model prooving useful to improvement of professional skills.

The study's purpose is to describe students' experiences of help and support in mathematics. To investigate this, I adopted the questions: What does it mean, according to the students, to get "help and support in mathematics?" Are there differences in the description of help and support depending on the age of the students? What different kinds of help and support do students feel that they get from their math teachers? What different kinds of help and support would they like to have? The study is based on a qualitative method, group interviews, with three groups of students, one from each stage of primary school in one municipality in Sweden. The students were at the time of the interview in grade 3, 5 and 8. The interviews were analysed from a sociocultural perspective.   The results show that what the students primarily consider as the meaning of help and support it is to get individual support from their teacher. Students feel that other forms of help and support also are provided by teachers; such as the opportunity to work in a group with peers, and that the teachers motivate students in different ways. An example of support the students say they want to have a larger extent of is the opportunity to use a tool for understanding. Here the older students emphasize various ICT tools. / Studiens syfte är att beskriva elevers upplevelser av stöd och hjälp i matematik. För att undersöka detta har jag utgått från frågeställningarna: Vad innebär det, enligt eleverna, att få ”stöd och hjälp i matematikämnet”? Finns det skillnader i beskrivningen av ”stöd och hjälp” beroende av elevernas ålder? Vilka olika sorters stöd och hjälp upplever eleverna att de får av sina matematiklärare? Vilka olika sorters stöd och hjälp skulle de vilja ha?   Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod, gruppintervjuer, med tre elevgrupper, en från varje stadium inom grundskolan i en kommun i Sverige. Eleverna gick vid intervjutillfället i klass 3, 5 och 8. Intervjuerna har analyserats utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Resultatet visar att det eleverna främst upplever som innebörden i stöd och hjälp det är att få individuellt stöd av sin lärare. Eleverna upplever att även andra former av stöd och hjälp ges av lärarna; t ex möjligheten att få arbeta i grupp tillsammans med kamrater, och att läraren motivera eleverna på olika sätt. Stöd och hjälp som eleverna säger sig vilja ha i större utsträckning är t ex att få möjlighet att ta hjälp av redskap för att förstå. Här lyfts olika IKT verktyg fram av de äldre eleverna.