Urban streets serve (1) movement functions: people and vehicles should get safely, comfortably and efficiently to their destinations, (2) place functions: streets are destinations on their own, people come here to access adjacent properties or to carry out activities directly in the street, (3) wider functions such as climate adaption or water management. Stakeholders in various cities worldwide are increasingly focusing on strengthening place functions and designing high quality street spaces that attract people and on-site activities, followed by movement activities in the active modes (walking, cycling, micro vehicles), while minimizing motorized traffic. Vibrant streets are streets for and with people, they contribute to urban planning ambitions for example by improving the economic success of adjacent properties or by strengthening local communities, to transport planning ambitions by supporting with walking and cycling the most sustainable and space-efficient transport modes, and to public health ambitions by increasing physical activity levels. Accordingly, vibrant streets contribute to sustainable development (e.g. SDG 11: “Sustainable Cities and Communities”). Similar to the benefits of vibrant streets, the success factors are interdisciplinary: Only joint efforts of urban and transport planning can achieve the ambitious goal of streets that serve all the three initially introduced functions in a balanced way but with a particular focus on walking, cycling and place activities. This chapter addresses the following main questions: What are the main characteristics of vibrant streets? What are their effects on the environment, the economy and society? What are the most promising strategies to achieve vibrant streets where street users stay for a long time? At the end of the chapter, the main lessons learnt are summarized and avenues for future research are outlined.:1 Vibrant streets as an interdisciplinary chance and challenge 2 Built-environment factors of walking and place activities at street level 2.1 Neighborhood level 2.2 Street level 3 Determinants of individual travel behavior 4 Community building 5 Contributions of vibrant streets to sustainable development 6 Strategies for fostering vibrant streets 7 Good practice examples 8 Avenues for research and planning practice 9 Publication bibliography

2010年隨著國際觀光旅遊與景氣復甦，全球國際觀光客成長率已由負轉正，並自2011年起觀光業已逐漸走出陰霾，尤其以亞洲地區恢復力道最為強勁，且兩岸間之旅遊亦然。日本長久以來為來臺旅客之主要來源國，但自2010年起，中國大陸旅客來臺人數首度超越日本旅客，成為來臺觀光最大客源。在逐步開放陸客自由行與健檢醫美的版圖後，不僅帶動了臺灣地區相關產業發展，更擴大了其他的周邊效益，成功的開啟來臺旅遊的新市場。然而，有鑑於兩岸間特殊之政治關係與歷史背景，在搭上這波陸客市場商機的順風車同時，仍須留意與掌控陸客來臺之動機與行蹤，對陸客來臺之管理做到密切監控，並多方督導各部會與情治單位之保防與情蒐工作，加強職業敏感度以慎防國安漏洞。 本文要探究我國在開放陸客來臺觀光自由行與健檢醫美上具有哪些政策，並從相關政策中探討哪些法規成為陸客自由行與健檢醫美之法規漏洞，以提出如何控管陸客來臺之相關作為；從對我國利害關係點出發，分析陸客來臺後對於我國之政治、經濟、社會以及對普羅大眾帶來之效益與影響，最後提出建議與結論。