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Infec??o patente em c?es adultos com larvas de Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) recuperadas de camundongos experimentalmente infectados. / Patent infection in adult dogs with Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) larvae recovered from experimentally infected mice.Verocai, Guilherme Gomes 25 February 2008 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2008-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The objective of the present study was to establish trial infections in adult dogs by
administering T. canis larvae recovered from tissues of experimentally infected mice and to
evaluate patent infection by determining the pre-patent period (PPP) and the number of
recovered nematodes in relation to the different infective larvae doses. T. canis females were
collected from naturally infected dogs. These were dissected and the eggs were obtained from
their uteri followed by posterior incubation at 27?1? C under 75 ?10% RH. After 60 days,
mice were orally infected by the embryonated eggs gathered from the culture. The mice were
killed 26 days post-infection (dpi) and then submitted to necropsy. Its organs and carcasses
were processed by the Acid-Isolation Technique for the recovery of larvae, which were
quantified and subdivided in aliquots for the dogs infection. Twelve adult male Beagle dogs
from the Kennel of the Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy in Veterinary Parasitology,
Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio
de Janeiro were used in our study. They were considered free from parasitism, however with
previous history of exposition. The animals were divided in two groups of six animals each.
The dogs from Group I were infected with 60 larvae, and the ones from Group II with 300
larvae, which were recovered from the brains and carcasses of the paratenic hosts. To evaluate
the PPP we used the coproparasitological techniques of Centrifugal flotation, Sedimentation
and Sedimentation centrifugal flotation on days +8, + 12 and, consecutively between days
+16 e + 56. For the recovery of nematodes from feces, the dogs were treated on days +57, +58
e +59 with piperazine. The animals from Group I reached the PPP on 48?5.37 dpi, and Group
II on 41.5?5.09 dpi, presenting statistically significant difference between the periods
(p<0.05). Ten nematodes were collected from Group I, with the mean intensity of 1.66?1.63,
resulting in 2.78?2.73% of recovery. The 85 nematodes collected from Group II, presented
mean intensity of 14.17?28.12, resulting in 4.72?9.39% of recovery from the total of
administered larvae. Non-statistical difference was noted regarding the total recovered
nematodes. It is possible to establish patent T. canis infection in adult dogs by administering
larvae recovered from tissues of experimentally infected mice. / O objetivo do presente estudo foi promover a infec??o experimental de c?es adultos atrav?s
da administra??o de larvas de T. canis obtidas de tecidos de camundongos experimentalmente
infectados. E, conseq?entemente, avaliar a infec??o patente, determinando o per?odo pr?patente
(PPP) e o n?mero de nemat?ides recuperados em rela??o as diferentes quantidades de
larvas infectantes administradas. F?meas de T. canis foram coletadas de animais naturalmente
infectados, estas foram dissecadas para obten??o dos ovos e posterior cultura em solu??o de
formalina a 2%, em estufa climatizada do tipo B.O.D. ? temperatura de 27?1? C, com
umidade relativa de 75 ?10%. Ap?s 60 dias, camundongos foram infectados com os ovos
embrionados oriundos da cultura. Os roedores foram eutanasiados 26 dias p?s-infec??o (dpi),
submetidos ? necropsia. Seus ?rg?os e carca?as submetidos ? T?cnica de Isolamento ?cido
para recupera??o das larvas, as quais foram subdivididas em al?quotas para infec??o dos c?es.
Foram utilizados 12 c?es machos adultos da ra?a Beagle, pertencentes ao Canil do
Laborat?rio de Quimioterapia Experimental em Parasitologia Veterin?ria do Departamento de
Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterin?ria da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de
Janeiro. Os animais eram comprovadamente livres de infec??o pelo nemat?ide, por?m com
pr?vio hist?rico de parasitismo pelo nemat?ide em quest?o. Os animais foram divididos em
dois grupos de seis animais cada. Sendo os animais do Grupo I infectados com 60 larvas e, os
pertencentes ao Grupo II com 300 larvas, sendo estas recuperadas apenas dos c?rebros e
carca?a dos hospedeiros parat?nicos. Para avalia??o do per?odo pr?-patente foram empregadas
em associa??o, as t?cnicas coproparasitol?gicas de Centr?fugo-flutua??o Simples,
Sedimenta??o Simples e Sedimento-centr?fugo-flutua??o nos dias +8, + 12 e,
consecutivamente entre os dias +16 e + 56. Para recupera??o dos nemat?ides os animais
foram vermifugados nos dias +57, +58 e +59 com um produto a base de piperazina. Os
animais do Grupo I atingiram o PPP, em m?dia, aos 48 ?5,37dpi, j? os do Grupo II aos
41,5?5,09 dpi, havendo diferen?a estat?stica entre os per?odos (p<0,05). Foram recuperados
ao todo dez nemat?ides dos animais do Grupo I, com uma intensidade m?dia de 1,66?1,63,
resultando num total de recupera??o de 2,78?2,73%. Enquanto, no Grupo II, foi recuperado
um total de 85 helmintos, com uma intensidade m?dia de 14,17?28,12 parasitos por animal,
perfazendo 4,72?9,39% do total de larvas administradas. N?o havendo diferen?a significativa
entre os grupos em rela??o ao total de recupera??o de nemat?ides. ? poss?vel estabelecer infec??o patente em c?es adultos a partir da administra??o das diferentes cargas de larvas
recuperadas de tecidos de camundongos experimentalmente infectados.
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An?tomo-Cl?nica e Biologia em Frangos de Corte Experimentalmente Infectados com Eimeria acervulina e Suplementados com Beta?na / Anatomy-clinics and Biology in Broilers Chicks Experimentally infected with Eimeria acervulina and supplemented with betaineTeixeira, Marcel 28 February 2007 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Purposing to evaluate the anatomy-clinics and biology in broilers chicks experimentally
infected with Eimeria acervulina and supplemented with betaine, a study was carried out.
Thus, 390 broiler chicks Cobb were housed in battery cages distributed in a randomized block
design composed of five treatments, six replicates with 13 chicks each, including a positive
control, a group treated with the salinomycin plus potassium penicillin G and three levels of
betaine in the feed 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15%. A soybean-maize based diet was prepared
according the nutritional requirements of broiler chickens; food and water were given ad
libitum. Chicks 14 days old were individually infected orally with 2 x 105 sporulated oocysts
of E. acervulina. Weight gain, feed consumption, oocyst output and clinical signs were
performed during 1-7 and 7-14 days after inoculation (DAI). After, from 0-7 and 7-14 DAI
weight gain, feed consumption, oocyst output, plasma proteins and clinical signs were
evaluated. At 0, 4, 7 and 14 DAI one bird from each replicate were euthanatized to perform
lesion score and collection of blood and intestinal tissues for histopathology and villous
measuring. Laboratorial analyses were made using saturated sugar centrifugation technique
following oocyst counting and measurements with an ocular micrometric. Biology of the
parasite was evaluated throughout the sporulation time, pre-patent and paten periods of
infection, morphology of endogenous stages and oocyst and relationship with the
mathematical cons tant Phi. It was not observed anatomy-clinics differences (p>0.05) between
birds of different treatments due to all parameters used, however the response with betaine
was similar to treatment with salinomycin and potassium penicillin G, indicating there are
possibilities to use betaine to substitute these drugs. Nevertheless, betaine show ability to
decrease oocyst output against control group but fewer than salinomycin. Regarding the
biology of the parasite, although betaine affected the form and size of oocysts, little influence
was observed in the endogenous stages according to measurements of trophozoites and
macrogametes. Within the morphology it was observed a great relationship between the
development of sporocysts of E. acervulina and the mathematical constant Phi. / Um estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de se avaliar a an?tomo-cl?nica e a biologia em
frangos de corte experimentalmente infectados com Eimeria acervulina e suplementados com
beta?na. Para tanto 390 pintos de corte Cobb foram alojados em baterias met?licas num
delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso constitu?do de cinco tratamentos e seis
repeti??es com treze aves, incluindo-se um controle positivo, um grupo tratado com
salinomicina e penicilina G pot?ssica e mais tr?s n?veis de beta?na na ra??o sendo estes
0,05%, 0,10% e 0,15%. A dieta era composta de uma mistura de milho e soja elaborada
conforme as exig?ncias de frangos de corte, sendo ?gua e comida fornecidos ad libitum. Aos
14 dias de vida as aves foram infectadas individualmente por via oral com 2 x 105 oocistos
esporulados de E. acervulina. A seguir, nos per?odos de 0-7 e 7-14 dias ap?s a infec??o
(DAI), foram determinados o ganho de peso, consumo de ra??o, produ??o de oocistos, n?vel
de prote?nas plasm?ticas e observados sinais cl?nicos. Necropsias foram realizadas no 0, 4?, 7?
e 14? DAI, sendo uma ave de cada repeti??o eutanasiada para realiza??o do escore de les?o,
coleta de sangue e de tecido intestinal para histopatologia e mensura??o das vilosidades
intestinais. A an?lise laboratorial e preparo dos oocistos foi realizada atrav?s da t?cnica de
centrifuga??o em solu??o saturada de a??car seguida de contagem por grama de fezes e
mensura??o com ocular microm?trica. A biologia do parasito foi avaliada atrav?s do tempo de
esporula??o, per?odo pr?-patente, per?odo patente da infec??o, morfometria de fases
end?genas e oocistos e a rela??o com a constante matem?tica Phi. N?o foi observada
diferen?a (p>0,05) an?tomo-cl?nica nas aves dos diferentes tratamentos utilizados em rela??o
a todos os par?metros utilizados, no entanto a resposta com a beta?na foi semelhante a do
tratamento com salinomicina e penicilina G pot?ssica, indicando que h? possibilidade de ser
utilizada em substitui??o a este medicamento. Ainda, a beta?na demonstrou capacidade de
limitar a produ??o de oocistos frente ao grupo controle, por?m num n?vel inferior a
salinomicina. Quanto ? biologia do parasito, embora a beta?na fosse capaz de exercer
influ?ncia sob o formato e o tamanho dos oocistos e esporocistos, pouca influ?ncia foi
exercida nos est?gios end?genos com base na mensura??o de trofozo?tos e macrogametas.
Atrav?s da morfologia foi poss?vel se observar uma grande rela??o entre o desenvolvimento
dos esporocistos de E. acervulina e a constante matem?tica Phi.
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A codorna japonesa (Coturnix japonica) como hospedeiro para Cystoisospora felis (Wenyon, 1923) Frenkel, 1977 (Apicomplexa: Cystoisosporinae). 2010. / The Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) as a host for Cystoisospora felis (Wenyon, 1923) Frenkel, 1977 (Apicomplexa: Cystoisosporinae). 2010.Rodrigues, Jana?na da Soledad 24 February 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Cystoisospora felis is an obligatory intracellular parasite that infecting felines of diverse
species, that were contaminated by ingesting sporulated oocysts end/or intermediated host
harboring monozoic cysts of this species. In this study, 10 Japanese quails were infected with
a pure inoculum consisted by 106 sporulated oocysts of C. felis, after 60 days post infection,
liver, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius were removed from each quail and they were given to
feed to 3 kittens separately. A forth kitten was infected with 106 sporulated oocysts orally.
After shedding oocysts by kittens, they were allowed to sporulate. After that, 50 sporulated
oocysts of each infection were measured, having as means of Length, Width and Shape Index
the following values: 44.30?2.30, 31.30?1.90 ?m and 1.40?0.1 from kitten fed on liver,
46.30?2.20, 32.90?1.90 ?m and 1.40?0.1 from kitten fed on spleen, 44.80?2.20, 31.20?1.60
?m and 1.40?0.1 from kitten fed on bursa of Fabricius, and 43.60?1.60, 30.80?1.60 ?m and
1.40?0.1 from kitten infected with sporulated oocysts orally as well as C. felis prepatent and
patent periods. By analyzing the frequency of the distribution of values was observed that
when the source of infection were liver and spleen, the distribution was more homogeneous,
which did not occur when was used cloacal bursa or sporulated oocysts as sources of
infection. As conclusions in this work, there were no significant differences among de
morphometry of the sporulated oocysts, independent of the source of infection. Moreover, the
pre-patent and patent were similar when cats fed on infected viscera of quails experimentally
infected with sporulated oocysts of C. felis previously when compared with the animal that
received 1x106 sporulated oocysts orally. / Cystoisospora felis ? um parasito intracelular obrigat?rio que acomete fel?deos de diversas
esp?cies, que podem se contaminar tanto pela ingest?o de oocistos esporulados, quanto pela
ingest?o de tecidos de hospedeiros intermedi?rios infectados previamente com oocistos
esporulados. Neste estudo, 10 codornas japonesas foram infectadas com um inoculo puro de
oocistos esporulados de C. felis na concentra??o de 1 x 106, e ap?s 60 dias, ba?o, f?gado e
bursa dessas codornas infectadas foram oferecidos a tr?s filhotes de gato livres de infec??o.
Um quarto gato ainda foi infectado com uma suspens?o de 1 x 106 oocistos esporulados de C.
felis por via oral. Ap?s o in?cio da elimina??o, os oocistos foram colocados para esporular e,
ap?s a esporula??o, 50 oocistos oriundos de cada infec??o foram mensurados, tendo como
m?dias de di?metros maior (DM), menor (dm) e ?ndice morfom?trico os seguintes valores:
44,30?2,30, 31,30?1,90 ?m e 1,40?0,1 para os oriundos do animal infectado com f?gado,
46,30?2,20, 32,90?1,90 ?m e 1,40?0,1 para os oocistos do animal infectado com ba?o,
44,80?2,20, 31,20?1,60 ?m e 1,40?0,1 para os oocistos oriundos do animal infectado com
bursa e 43,60?1,60, 30,80?1,60 ?m e 1,40?0,1 para os oocistos do animal que recebeu
oocistos por via oral. Ao analisar a distribui??o da frequ?ncia dos valores dessas medidas,
pude-se observar que quando a fonte de infec??o utilizada foi f?gado e ba?o, a distribui??o foi
mais homog?nea, o que n?o ocorreu quando utilizou-se bursa cloacal ou oocistos esporulados
como fonte de infec??o. Com estes resultados foi poss?vel concluir que n?o se observaram
diferen?as significativas na morfometria dos oocistos de C. felis independente da fonte de
infec??o. Al?m disso, os per?odos pr?-patente e patente foram semelhantes quando os gatos
livres de infec??o foram alimentados com v?sceras de codornas, infectadas previamente com
oocistos esporulados de C. felis em compara??o com o animal que recebeu 1 x 106 oocistos
esporulados por via oral.
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