Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1997 - Armando de Lemos Ribeiro.pdf: 1637429 bytes, checksum: 67368e92ac3e601a127f511f61aef35b (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997-12-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The first experiment was set up to measure the drop-off rhythm of larvae and nymphs of Amblyomma cajennense feeding on the rabbits as experimental hosts. Infestations were carried out with unfed larvae and nymphs aging 15 and 45 days post eclosion and host larval moulting, respectively. Three rabbits were infested with approximately 825 larvae (50 mg of eggs) and 100 nymphs for each age totaling 12 rabbits. Each host were examined at 8, 12, 16 and 24 hours and the dropped larvae and nymphs collected. Regardless of age and instar higher drop-off rhythm were observed from 8 to 16 hours: 73,6 and 72,8% larvae with 15 and 45 days post eclosion and 69,6 and 57,5 nymphs with 15 and 45 days post larval moulting, respectively. The second experiment was set up to evaluate the effect of age on the attachment of larvae and nymphs of Amblyomma cajennense using the rabbit as experimental host. Infestations were carried out with unfed larvae aging from 0-4 to 150 days post-eclosion and unfed nymphs aging from 0-2 to 165 days post-larval moulting. A total of 11 and 12 infestations respectively for larvae and nymphs with 15 days interval were monitored. Three rabbits were infested with 825 larvae and 100 nymphs per rabbit at each interval. Larvae and nymphs with 0-2 day post-eclosion and post larval moulting were able to attach and feed at rates of 45 and 77%. Higher attachment rates for larva (> 70%) were observed from days 15 to 60 post eclosion. Then, start to decrease until 25% at 150 days post-eclosion. Higher attachment rates for nymphs were observed from days 15 to 90 post moulting (> 80%). Then, start to decrease until 36% at 165 days. The periods of attachment and ecdisis, and the percentage of ecdisis were similar for both stages regardless the age prior attachment. When the period of pre-ecdisis is analyzed one might note a shortening as the nymphs because older whereas it was similar for larvae in ali evaluated ages. This third experiment was conduct as an attempt to correlate the weight pre-ecdisis period and timing of drop-off of nymphs with the forecast of the sexes in adults of Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The mean weight of nymphs that moulted to males (n = 96) was 1,97 ? 0,97 and 2,52 ? 0,90 to females (n = 103) (P > 0,05) between the weight of nymphs can not be used to forecast the sexes due to overlapping of to weight ranges. The pre-ecdisis periods were 15,13 ? 0,94 and 14,60 ? 0,77 days for nymphs that moulted to males (n = 96) and females (n = 103) (P > 0,05) respectively. Nymphs (n = 50) that dropped-off on both third and fourth day (mode) post-infestation moulted to 29 females and 21 males whereas those (n = 50) that dropped-off on the fifth day post-infestation moulted to 30 females and 20 males (x2 > 0,05). Although there are numerical differences in ali evaluated parameters none can be used to forecast the sexes in R. sanguineus due to an extensive overlapping. / O primeiro experimento foi montado para avaliar o ritmo de queda de larvas e ninfas de Amblyomma cajennense alimentadas em coelhos. Infesta??es foram feitas com larvas e ninfas em jejum com idades de 15 e 45 dias ap?s eclos?o e ecdise larval respectivamente. Tr?s coelhos foram infestados com aproximadamente 825 larvas (50 mg de ovos) e 100 ninfas para cada idade totalizando 12 coelhos. Cada hospedeiro foi examinado nos hor?rios de 8, 12, 16 e 24 horas e as larvas e ninfas desprendidas foram coletadas. Independente da idade e do instar, o maior n?mero se desprendeu entre 8 e 16 horas: 73,6% e 72,8% para larvas com 15 e 45 dias ap?s eclos?o e 69,6% e 57,5% para ninfa. Com 15 e 45 dias ap?s ecdise larval, respectivamente. O segundo experimento teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da idade sobre a fixa??o de larvas e ninfas de Amblyomma cajennense, usando o coelho como hospedeiro. Infesta??es foram feitas com larvas com per?odos de jejum de zero a 4 at? 150 dias ap?s eclos?o e ninfas em jejum variando de zero a 2 at? 165 dias ap?s ecdise larval. Um total de 11 e 12 infesta??es para larvas e ninfas respectivamente, com intervalos de 15 dias foram acompanhados. Tr?s coelhos foram infestados com 825 larvas e 100 ninfas por coelhos e para cada tratamento. Larvas e ninfas com zero a 4 dias ap?s eclos?o e zero a 2 dias ap?s ecdise larval se fixaram e se alimentaram, com taxas de recupera??o de 45 e 77% respectivamente. Taxas de recupera??o alta para larvas (> 70%) foi observado para 15 at? 60 dias ap?s eclos?o. Entretanto a partir da? come?ou a decrescer para 25% at? 150 dias p?s-eclos?o. As taxas de recupera??o foram altas para ninfas com 15 at? 90 dias p?s-ecdise (> 80%). Ent?o, come?ou a decrescer para 36% at? 165 dias. Os per?odos de pr?-ecdise, de ecdise e as percentagens de ecdise foram est?veis para todas as idades estudadas. Quando o per?odo de pr?-ecdise ? analisado nota-se um encurtamento conforme as ninfas se tornam mais velhas; ao contr?rio este per?odo foi similar para larvas de todas as idades. Esse terceiro experimento foi conduzido para se observar a correla??o entre o peso, o per?odo de pr?-ecdise e o per?odo de queda de ninfas ingurgitadas com a previs?o do sexo dos adultos de Rhipicephalus sanguineus. A m?dia do peso de ninfas que originaram machos (n = 96) foi de 1,97 ? 0,97 e 2,52 ? 0,90 para f?meas (n = 103) (P > 0,05). O peso das ninfas n?o pode ser usado para a previs?o dos sexos devido ? superposi??o dos pesos. O per?odo de pr?-ecdise foi de 15,13 ? 0,94 e 14,60 ? 0,77 dias par ninfas que originaram machos (n = 96) e f?meas (n = 103) (P > 0,05), respectivamente. Ninfas (n = 50), dos per?odos de queda, inicial (3? dia) e modal (4? dia), desprenderam-se 29 f?meas e 21 machos, em ambos per?odos. No per?odo final (5? dia) (n = 50) desprenderam-se 30 f?meas e 20 machos (x2 > 0,05). Embora exista diferen?as num?ricas em todos os par?metros avaliados, tais par?metros n?o podem ser utilizados para a previs?o dos sexos em R. sanguineus devido a amplitude da superposi??o.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaina Soledad Rodrigues-pdf.pdf: 4634356 bytes, checksum: 26f90dcd5b3f127e6130fc4b467f87d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Cystoisospora felis is an obligatory intracellular parasite that infecting felines of diverse species, that were contaminated by ingesting sporulated oocysts end/or intermediated host harboring monozoic cysts of this species. In this study, 10 Japanese quails were infected with a pure inoculum consisted by 106 sporulated oocysts of C. felis, after 60 days post infection, liver, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius were removed from each quail and they were given to feed to 3 kittens separately. A forth kitten was infected with 106 sporulated oocysts orally. After shedding oocysts by kittens, they were allowed to sporulate. After that, 50 sporulated oocysts of each infection were measured, having as means of Length, Width and Shape Index the following values: 44.30?2.30, 31.30?1.90 ?m and 1.40?0.1 from kitten fed on liver, 46.30?2.20, 32.90?1.90 ?m and 1.40?0.1 from kitten fed on spleen, 44.80?2.20, 31.20?1.60 ?m and 1.40?0.1 from kitten fed on bursa of Fabricius, and 43.60?1.60, 30.80?1.60 ?m and 1.40?0.1 from kitten infected with sporulated oocysts orally as well as C. felis prepatent and patent periods. By analyzing the frequency of the distribution of values was observed that when the source of infection were liver and spleen, the distribution was more homogeneous, which did not occur when was used cloacal bursa or sporulated oocysts as sources of infection. As conclusions in this work, there were no significant differences among de morphometry of the sporulated oocysts, independent of the source of infection. Moreover, the pre-patent and patent were similar when cats fed on infected viscera of quails experimentally infected with sporulated oocysts of C. felis previously when compared with the animal that received 1x106 sporulated oocysts orally. / Cystoisospora felis ? um parasito intracelular obrigat?rio que acomete fel?deos de diversas esp?cies, que podem se contaminar tanto pela ingest?o de oocistos esporulados, quanto pela ingest?o de tecidos de hospedeiros intermedi?rios infectados previamente com oocistos esporulados. Neste estudo, 10 codornas japonesas foram infectadas com um inoculo puro de oocistos esporulados de C. felis na concentra??o de 1 x 106, e ap?s 60 dias, ba?o, f?gado e bursa dessas codornas infectadas foram oferecidos a tr?s filhotes de gato livres de infec??o. Um quarto gato ainda foi infectado com uma suspens?o de 1 x 106 oocistos esporulados de C. felis por via oral. Ap?s o in?cio da elimina??o, os oocistos foram colocados para esporular e, ap?s a esporula??o, 50 oocistos oriundos de cada infec??o foram mensurados, tendo como m?dias de di?metros maior (DM), menor (dm) e ?ndice morfom?trico os seguintes valores: 44,30?2,30, 31,30?1,90 ?m e 1,40?0,1 para os oriundos do animal infectado com f?gado, 46,30?2,20, 32,90?1,90 ?m e 1,40?0,1 para os oocistos do animal infectado com ba?o, 44,80?2,20, 31,20?1,60 ?m e 1,40?0,1 para os oocistos oriundos do animal infectado com bursa e 43,60?1,60, 30,80?1,60 ?m e 1,40?0,1 para os oocistos do animal que recebeu oocistos por via oral. Ao analisar a distribui??o da frequ?ncia dos valores dessas medidas, pude-se observar que quando a fonte de infec??o utilizada foi f?gado e ba?o, a distribui??o foi mais homog?nea, o que n?o ocorreu quando utilizou-se bursa cloacal ou oocistos esporulados como fonte de infec??o. Com estes resultados foi poss?vel concluir que n?o se observaram diferen?as significativas na morfometria dos oocistos de C. felis independente da fonte de infec??o. Al?m disso, os per?odos pr?-patente e patente foram semelhantes quando os gatos livres de infec??o foram alimentados com v?sceras de codornas, infectadas previamente com oocistos esporulados de C. felis em compara??o com o animal que recebeu 1 x 106 oocistos esporulados por via oral.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:57:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Alice Teodorio Lixa.pdf: 2009465 bytes, checksum: a5ff9f635d75eab4106b026e084105fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Among the natural enemies of agriculture pests, the Coccinellidae predators are detached. Some coccinellids only complete their development and produce viable eggs and progenies when they consume their preferred prey. However, when this prey is scarce or in presence of a prey of low quality, certain coccinellids feed on alternative food resources, such as extra floral nectar and pollen, to guarantee their survivorship. Thus, the absence of these floral resources limits the occurrence and abundance of ladybeetles in the agroecosystems. Due to these characteristics, the coccinellids have great potential for being managed by the three strategies of biological control: classic, augmentative and conservation. However, to use the coccinellids as biological control agent, more information about their biology and ecology are still necessary. In this context, the present work was conducted with the general objective of producing information about ecological and biological aspects of the Coccinellidae. These approaches are in the Chapters I and II, respectively. In the Chapter I, the studies aimed to determine if Anethum graveolens (dill), Coriandrum sativum (coriander) and Foeniculum vulgare (sweet fennel) favor the abundance of Coccinellidae; to evaluate the potential of these aromatic plants to provide vital resources for these predators; to determine the species diversity of these insects attracted by these plants; and to characterize their community structure. The experiment was carried out in an integrated crop-livestock organic production area (Seropedica/RJ, Brazil) in a completely randomized design with three treatments (aromatic plants) and three replicates. From September 14th, 2007 to January 21st, 2008, samplings of adults and immature stages of ladybeetles were realized. Besides an unidentified species of Chilocorini, Coleomegilla maculata, Coleomegilla quadrifasciata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Eriopis connexa, Harmonia axyridis, Olla v-nigrum and Hippodamia convergens were collected. The dill provided significant increase in the abundance of coccinellids in relation to the coriander and sweet fennel. These three aromatic vegetal species were used as ovipositon sites and shelter for immature forms and adults of ladybeetles. The dill and sweet fennel were also used as mating sites and proved food resources (pollen and/or alternative prey). The principal species visiting these aromatic plants were C. sanguinea, H. convergens, and E. connexa (more frequent, constant and dominant). In the Chapter II, the studies aimed to determine biology aspects of Coleomegilla maculata and Eriopis connexa feed on two diets: ultraviolet-unviable and frozen eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and the alive aphids of Lipaphis erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under laboratory condition (25 ? 1?C, relative humidity of 70 ? 10%, and photophase of 12 hours). The experimental design was complete randomized in a 2x2 split-plot arrangement (two ladybeetle species and two diets). In general, the biological characteristics of C. maculata and E. connexa were similar, when their larvae and adults fed on the two diets. Both diets were suitable for C. maculata and E. connexa, keeping their development and oviposition for a generation, and the eggs of A. kuehniella still maintained the rearing of these ladybeetles for one more generation. / Entre os inimigos naturais de pragas agr?colas, destacam-se os Coccinellidae predadores. Alguns coccinel?deos s? completam seu desenvolvimento e produzem ovos e prog?nie vi?vel quando consomem sua presa preferencial. Todavia, quando esta presa est? escassa ou na presen?a de uma presa de qualidade inferior, certos coccinel?deos alimentam-se de alimentos alternativos, tais como n?ctar extrafloral e p?len, para garantir sua sobreviv?ncia. Desse modo, a aus?ncia desses recursos florais limita a ocorr?ncia e abund?ncia de joaninhas nos agroecossistemas. Devido essas caracter?sticas, os coccinel?deos apresentam grande potencial para serem manejados por meio do controle biol?gico cl?ssico, aumentativo e conservativo. Todavia, para usar os coccinel?deos como agente de controle biol?gico, mais informa??es sobre sua biologia e ecologia s?o ainda necess?rias. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo geral de gerar informa??es sobre aspectos ecol?gicos e biol?gicos dos Coccinellidae, sendo esses temas abordados nos Cap?tulos I e II, respectivamente. No cap?tulo I, os estudos foram conduzidos com os seguintes objetivos: determinar se Anethum graveolens (endro), Coriandrum sativum (coentro) e Foeniculum vulgare (erva-doce) favorecem a abund?ncia de Coccinellidae; avaliar o potencial dessas esp?cies arom?ticas como provedoras de recursos vitais para esses predadores; determinar a diversidade de esp?cies desses insetos atra?dos por essas plantas; e caracterizar a estrutura de sua comunidade. O experimento foi conduzido em ?rea de produ??o org?nica integrada animalvegetal (Serop?dica/RJ), em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com tr?s tratamentos (esp?cies arom?ticas) e tr?s repeti??es. De 14 de setembro de 2007 a 21 de janeiro de 2008, foram realizadas amostragens de adultos e formas imaturas de joaninhas. Al?m de uma esp?cie n?o identificada da tribo Chilocorini, coletou-se Coleomegilla maculata, Coleomegilla quadrifasciata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Eriopis connexa, Harmonia axyridis, Olla v-nigrum e Hippodamia convergens. O endro proporcionou aumento significativo na abund?ncia de coccinel?deos em compara??o ao coentro e ? erva-doce. Essas tr?s esp?cies arom?ticas foram usadas como s?tios de oviposi??o e abrigo para formas imaturas e adultas de joaninhas. O endro e a erva-doce tamb?m foram utilizados como s?tios de acasalamento e de alimenta??o pelas joaninhas. As principais esp?cies visitantes das arom?ticas foram C. sanguinea, H. convergens e E. connexa (mais freq?entes, constantes e dominantes). No cap?tulo II, os estudos foram conduzidos com os seguintes objetivos: 1) determinar aspectos biol?gicos de C. maculata e E. connexa alimentadas com duas dietas: ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) inviabilizados com ultravioleta e congelados e pulg?es vivos de Lipaphis erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae), em condi??es de laborat?rio (25?1?C, 70?10% UR e fotofase de 12 horas). O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 (duas esp?cies de joaninhas e duas dietas). No geral, as caracter?sticas biol?gicas de C. maculata e E. connexa foram bem semelhantes, quando suas larvas e adultos se alimentaram das duas dietas. Ambas as dietas foram adequadas para C. maculata e E. connexa, assegurando seu desenvolvimento e oviposi??o por uma gera??o e os ovos de A. kuehniella permitiram ainda manter a cria??o dessas joaninhas por mais uma gera??o.