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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) usando plantas arom?ticas como s?tio de sobreviv?ncia e reprodu??o em sistema agroecol?gico, e aspectos biol?gicos em condi??es de Laborat?rio / Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) using aromatic plants as survival and reproduction site in agroecological system, and biological aspects under laboratory conditions.

Lixa, Alice Teodorio 25 June 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:57:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Alice Teodorio Lixa.pdf: 2009465 bytes, checksum: a5ff9f635d75eab4106b026e084105fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Among the natural enemies of agriculture pests, the Coccinellidae predators are detached. Some coccinellids only complete their development and produce viable eggs and progenies when they consume their preferred prey. However, when this prey is scarce or in presence of a prey of low quality, certain coccinellids feed on alternative food resources, such as extra floral nectar and pollen, to guarantee their survivorship. Thus, the absence of these floral resources limits the occurrence and abundance of ladybeetles in the agroecosystems. Due to these characteristics, the coccinellids have great potential for being managed by the three strategies of biological control: classic, augmentative and conservation. However, to use the coccinellids as biological control agent, more information about their biology and ecology are still necessary. In this context, the present work was conducted with the general objective of producing information about ecological and biological aspects of the Coccinellidae. These approaches are in the Chapters I and II, respectively. In the Chapter I, the studies aimed to determine if Anethum graveolens (dill), Coriandrum sativum (coriander) and Foeniculum vulgare (sweet fennel) favor the abundance of Coccinellidae; to evaluate the potential of these aromatic plants to provide vital resources for these predators; to determine the species diversity of these insects attracted by these plants; and to characterize their community structure. The experiment was carried out in an integrated crop-livestock organic production area (Seropedica/RJ, Brazil) in a completely randomized design with three treatments (aromatic plants) and three replicates. From September 14th, 2007 to January 21st, 2008, samplings of adults and immature stages of ladybeetles were realized. Besides an unidentified species of Chilocorini, Coleomegilla maculata, Coleomegilla quadrifasciata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Eriopis connexa, Harmonia axyridis, Olla v-nigrum and Hippodamia convergens were collected. The dill provided significant increase in the abundance of coccinellids in relation to the coriander and sweet fennel. These three aromatic vegetal species were used as ovipositon sites and shelter for immature forms and adults of ladybeetles. The dill and sweet fennel were also used as mating sites and proved food resources (pollen and/or alternative prey). The principal species visiting these aromatic plants were C. sanguinea, H. convergens, and E. connexa (more frequent, constant and dominant). In the Chapter II, the studies aimed to determine biology aspects of Coleomegilla maculata and Eriopis connexa feed on two diets: ultraviolet-unviable and frozen eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and the alive aphids of Lipaphis erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under laboratory condition (25 ? 1?C, relative humidity of 70 ? 10%, and photophase of 12 hours). The experimental design was complete randomized in a 2x2 split-plot arrangement (two ladybeetle species and two diets). In general, the biological characteristics of C. maculata and E. connexa were similar, when their larvae and adults fed on the two diets. Both diets were suitable for C. maculata and E. connexa, keeping their development and oviposition for a generation, and the eggs of A. kuehniella still maintained the rearing of these ladybeetles for one more generation. / Entre os inimigos naturais de pragas agr?colas, destacam-se os Coccinellidae predadores. Alguns coccinel?deos s? completam seu desenvolvimento e produzem ovos e prog?nie vi?vel quando consomem sua presa preferencial. Todavia, quando esta presa est? escassa ou na presen?a de uma presa de qualidade inferior, certos coccinel?deos alimentam-se de alimentos alternativos, tais como n?ctar extrafloral e p?len, para garantir sua sobreviv?ncia. Desse modo, a aus?ncia desses recursos florais limita a ocorr?ncia e abund?ncia de joaninhas nos agroecossistemas. Devido essas caracter?sticas, os coccinel?deos apresentam grande potencial para serem manejados por meio do controle biol?gico cl?ssico, aumentativo e conservativo. Todavia, para usar os coccinel?deos como agente de controle biol?gico, mais informa??es sobre sua biologia e ecologia s?o ainda necess?rias. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo geral de gerar informa??es sobre aspectos ecol?gicos e biol?gicos dos Coccinellidae, sendo esses temas abordados nos Cap?tulos I e II, respectivamente. No cap?tulo I, os estudos foram conduzidos com os seguintes objetivos: determinar se Anethum graveolens (endro), Coriandrum sativum (coentro) e Foeniculum vulgare (erva-doce) favorecem a abund?ncia de Coccinellidae; avaliar o potencial dessas esp?cies arom?ticas como provedoras de recursos vitais para esses predadores; determinar a diversidade de esp?cies desses insetos atra?dos por essas plantas; e caracterizar a estrutura de sua comunidade. O experimento foi conduzido em ?rea de produ??o org?nica integrada animalvegetal (Serop?dica/RJ), em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com tr?s tratamentos (esp?cies arom?ticas) e tr?s repeti??es. De 14 de setembro de 2007 a 21 de janeiro de 2008, foram realizadas amostragens de adultos e formas imaturas de joaninhas. Al?m de uma esp?cie n?o identificada da tribo Chilocorini, coletou-se Coleomegilla maculata, Coleomegilla quadrifasciata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Eriopis connexa, Harmonia axyridis, Olla v-nigrum e Hippodamia convergens. O endro proporcionou aumento significativo na abund?ncia de coccinel?deos em compara??o ao coentro e ? erva-doce. Essas tr?s esp?cies arom?ticas foram usadas como s?tios de oviposi??o e abrigo para formas imaturas e adultas de joaninhas. O endro e a erva-doce tamb?m foram utilizados como s?tios de acasalamento e de alimenta??o pelas joaninhas. As principais esp?cies visitantes das arom?ticas foram C. sanguinea, H. convergens e E. connexa (mais freq?entes, constantes e dominantes). No cap?tulo II, os estudos foram conduzidos com os seguintes objetivos: 1) determinar aspectos biol?gicos de C. maculata e E. connexa alimentadas com duas dietas: ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) inviabilizados com ultravioleta e congelados e pulg?es vivos de Lipaphis erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae), em condi??es de laborat?rio (25?1?C, 70?10% UR e fotofase de 12 horas). O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 (duas esp?cies de joaninhas e duas dietas). No geral, as caracter?sticas biol?gicas de C. maculata e E. connexa foram bem semelhantes, quando suas larvas e adultos se alimentaram das duas dietas. Ambas as dietas foram adequadas para C. maculata e E. connexa, assegurando seu desenvolvimento e oviposi??o por uma gera??o e os ovos de A. kuehniella permitiram ainda manter a cria??o dessas joaninhas por mais uma gera??o.

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