The aim of this thesis was to test and compare the effect of four selected and in present commonly used medical treatments on other species of fish in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). This presented work was divided into two separate experiments dealing with curative baths for fry of pikeperch.The fry was raised in ponds, feeded by natural food, with the intention of adaptating for RAS after a bath. Baths were targeted against parasitic and bacterial diseases by using Bellasav, SAVO Original, formaldehyde and Chloramine T. The curative baths took 30 minutes after which the fish were transferred to clean water where the mortality within 24 hours and the efficacy of the preparation within 24 hours was monitored. In the first experiment were used fish with an average weight of 0.23+-0.05 g and a total lenght of 31.7+-2.5 mm at the age of 35 days. The tested doses were 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 5; 10 and 50 ml.m-3 for Bellasav, 1; 5; 10; 20 and 50 ml.m-3 for SAVO Original, 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2.5; 5; 10; 15; 30; 45 and 50 ml.100 l-1 for formaldehyde and 10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 100; 150 and 200 mg.l-1 for Chloramine T. The best efficacy was achieved at the concentration dose 1.5 ml.m-3 for Bellasav. The concentration dose 10 ml.m-3 of SAVO Original only reduced parasitic infection by one degree. An effective dose of formaldehyde was 1 ml.100 l-1 which reduced the parasitic infection by two degrees. The most effective preparation was Chloramine T at the concentration dose of 30 mg.l-1. In the second experiment were used fish with an average weight of 1.6+-0.4 g and a total lenght of 60.4+-3.56 mm at the age of 70 days. The tested doses were 10; 20 and 50 ml.m-3 for Bellasav, 10; 20 and 50 ml.m-3 for SAVO Original, 2.5; 5 and 10 ml.100 l-1 for formaldehyde and 40; 150 and 200 mg.l-1 for Chloramine T. The best efficacy was achieved at the concentration dose 20 ml.m-3 for Bellasav and 10 ml.m-3 for SAVO Original. The most effective dose for formaldehyde was 2.5 ml.100 l-1 which reduced the bacterial infection in fish skin by two degrees. The most effective preparation was Chloramine T again at the concentration dose 40 mg.l-1.

The bark beetle, Ips typographus is economically important pest of spruce standings across Europe. The knowledge of biology and ecology of bark beetles is important to protect spruce forests against beetles outbreaks. The research of pathogens of bark beetles is the main goal to use biological control of bark beetles and replace chemical or mechanical methods using today. During the bark beetle outbreak in Sumava mountains three main pathogens showed up very promising. Microsporidium Chytridiopsis typographi, the virus Ips typographus Entomopoxvirus and negregarine Menzbieria chalcographi were the most occured pathogens attacking beetles in Sumava outbreak area. Transmission of microspo ridium and virus have been introduced and propagated in living bark beetles in labo ratory. The reaserach of biology, transmission, morphogenesis and ultrastructure of these pathogens begun in living beetles in laboratory conditions. Results which were obtained can be divided to virological and microsporidian parts. In both cases the infection and routine passage have been successful in laboratory condition and now the infections of microsporidium Ch. typographi nad ITEV are routinely propagated to purchase infected material. Unlike the original description of ITEV in laboratory infected beetles the synthesis and origin of microspindles was described. In TEM the first steps of newly formed virions occluded into the spheroid were observed, including microspindles occlusion. ITEV develops in midgut epithelium of host. The successful infection of Ch. typographi has been managed in laboratory. Obtai ned results completed and revised findings which were published in first descriptions. Purchased results offer a possibility to compare old a new findings concernig this microsporidium. Budding as a unique process of multiplication has been described in microsporidia. This process is uncommon in microsporidia and has not never been observed. It acts as a tool to multiple vegetative stages in the life cycle. The ultrastructures and complete life cycle was described in Ch. typographi and the former description was revised.

Introduction: Virus-specific CD8+ T cells are crucial to suppress the viral replication in HIV infection. Their functional status is important as well. Also, the chronic nonspecific immune activation of T and B lymphocytes plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. Aim of the study: To analyze the frequency and functional status of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells and the expression of nonspecific activation markers on B and T cells in HIV+ patients and to assess the effect of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) on these parameters. Patients and methods: Our cohort included 80 HIV+ patients: 36 HIV+ patients on cART, 18 patients without therapy, in whom cART was introduced during our study, 9 patients without therapy, 10 patients with primary HIV infection, 3 long-term non-progressors and 4 patients initially on cART, in whom the therapy was discontinued. Control group consisted of 34 HIV- healthy individuals. We examined CD4+ a CD8+ T cell counts, viral load, expression of nonspecific activation markers on T cells and the frequency of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells by ELISpot method and flow cytometry using MHC tetramers and intracellular cytokine detection. Results: No significant differences in HIV-specific CD8+ T cells were found between treated and untreated HIV+ patients. The frequency...

Soňa Fraňková: Role of host-dependent factors in prediction of antiviral treatment response in chronic hepatitis C Abstract Hepatitis C virus infection represents a leading cause of liver disease in western countries. The primary goal of HCV therapy is elimination of the virus, i.e. sustained virological response (SVR) achievement. Genetic factors have long been suspected of playing a crucial role in determining response to IFN-α-based therapies, but pretreatment predictors of response were only poorly defined and did not allow personalization of therapy. The aim of the thesis is to describe the role of host-dependent factors in prediction of antiviral treatment response in chronic hepatitis C in specific groups of patients. First, we focused on the role of the IFNG -764G/C promoter variant in SVR achievement. We did not prove that this variant predicted SVR in Czech HCV-infected individuals. Next, we focused on the role of IL28B and IFNL4 in HCV-infected patients: we confirmed that the IL28B rs12979860 CC genotype slows down the progression of liver fibrosis in chronic HCV infection and that IFNL4 ss469415590 TT|ΔG genotyping does not bring a better prediction of treatment success than IL28B rs12979860 in the Czech population. Third, we assessed prediction of treatment response in HCV positive liver...

Major Urinary Proteins (MUP) are pheromonal transmitters involved in chemical communication in rodents. Complexes of MUPs and ligands mediate information about genetical background of an individual and co-create individual scent profile. They play a significant role in kinship determination, the crucial factor in the choice of a mating partner. It is assumed that the MUP production is energetically demanding due to the pressure of sexual selection, and the transmitted signal is thus supposed to be honest. This theory hasn't yet been experimentally tested, neither was proven the effect of another intense selection pressure- a parasitic infection. In my thesis, I describe the effect of an infection of a parasite Toxoplasma gondii on MUP production. The results suggest that the production is altered in both sexes, the production decreasing in males to the level of male castrates (or the female level). Considering the results of more detailed analysis of the infection we assume that the energetical demands of the MUP production doesn't allow the production of ordinary amounts if MUPs during the first phase of the infection as the energy is primarily devoted to the infection control. The increased production in latter phase can be attributed to the importance of scent communication. Decreased levels of...

Introduction: Virus-specific CD8+ T cells are crucial to suppress the viral replication in HIV infection. Their functional status is important as well. Also, the chronic nonspecific immune activation of T and B lymphocytes plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. Aim of the study: To analyze the frequency and functional status of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells and the expression of nonspecific activation markers on B and T cells in HIV+ patients and to assess the effect of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) on these parameters. Patients and methods: Our cohort included 80 HIV+ patients: 36 HIV+ patients on cART, 18 patients without therapy, in whom cART was introduced during our study, 9 patients without therapy, 10 patients with primary HIV infection, 3 long-term non-progressors and 4 patients initially on cART, in whom the therapy was discontinued. Control group consisted of 34 HIV- healthy individuals. We examined CD4+ a CD8+ T cell counts, viral load, expression of nonspecific activation markers on T cells and the frequency of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells by ELISpot method and flow cytometry using MHC tetramers and intracellular cytokine detection. Results: No significant differences in HIV-specific CD8+ T cells were found between treated and untreated HIV+ patients. The frequency...

The use of the MinION sequencer (Oxford Nanopore) was tested on samples prepared to simulate infectious samples. The tested procedure is to simulate work with a sample with an unknown pathogen. Therefore, a metagenomic approach was chosen. Three kits were tested: Rapid Barcoding Sequencing, PCR Barcoding and Premium whole genome amplification. Each kit differed in duration, difficulty to prepare and in amplification of nucleic acids. In total it was chosen eight viruses with different genome lengths and with varying types of the genome (5,6 - 152 kb, ss/ds RNA, dsDNA). Ten samples were prepared to simulate different types of infection (respiratory, gastrointestinal tract and urine), and one sample contained pure water as a negative control. Before preparation of the library with Oxford Nanopore's kits, DNase/RNase treatment was used. The viral RNA was transcribed into DNA and in chosen samples were amplificated to reach a higher concentration of nucleic acids. Rapid barcoding sequencing kit detected all selected viruses with the highest number of viral reads (4403) with a length between 100 and 250 nt and quality coverage of viral genomes. PCR Barcoding kit detected five out of eight viruses, and the number of identified reads with a length of 100-200 nt distinctly decreased. Premium whole genome...

Title: Functional disorders in the foot by members of the Honor Guard of the Army of the Czech Republic Objectives: The thesis deals with the activities of soldiers Honor Guard and leg problems arising therefrom. The intention of the theoretical part is generally characterize the activity Honor Guard units, anatomical structure and kinesiology feet, including functional and structural pathology. The aim of the study was to analyze how subjective Musculoskeletal problems are most commonly found among soldiers and assess the impact of the standard used by prestige and sports shoes on his feet when the functional aspects of the activities simulating workloads soldiers. Methods: To obtain basic data on individual participants in research is used surveys using non-standardized anamnesis questionnaire. The main research method to develop practical part of the thesis was to strain gauge device (measuring system) Pedar-X detection and evaluation of plantar pressure, force, contact area and contact time. For processing and evaluation of the data obtained was used program Pedar-X Standard version 3.19.30. Physiotherapist laboratory CASRI was carried out by soldiers basic clinical examination. Results: The research involved 10 soldiers Honor Guard. The research sample included soldiers from 24 to 41 years...

Introduction: Prostitution is a phenomenon naturally related to different type of risky behavior such as drug use. There is an easier access to psychoactive substances in the sex business environment where becoming drug addict can be more accelerated. Psychoactive substances can be used as a way of breaking moral boundaries while working in sex business. The experts believe that drug use contributes to relaxation and reduces both mental and physical barriers when providing sexual services. Goals: The goal of this dissertation is to look into the issue of prostitution in the Czech Republic in the years 2010 to 2014 to map out the illegal drug use and presence of sexually transmitted diseases within the sex business. Methods: The practical part of this dissertation was based on secondary analysis of data obtained by long term research by the organization Rozkoš bez rizika (Pleasure without Risk) in sex business. The data analysis was taken between the years 2010 and 2014. Results: Sexual services are mostly provided in night clubs by girls and women in the age of 21-30, women of the Czech nationality, single women. The highest level of education is mostly practical school without graduation. The concentration of sex workers in capital Prague and in the border area with Germany and Austria was...

Abstaract(thesis) In my thesis, I decided to take the issue of treatment of vascular input in surgical department and surgical intensive care units. This nursing problem can be found practically on every inpatient department and each nurse meets with vascular access dutiny her career. The work is divided into theoretical part and empirical part. The first theoretical part deals with the history of vascular input, a list of basic vascular entries and the educational process. Of the vascular inputs, the work focuses especially on central venous catheter and peripheral venous catheter. The second empirical part focuses on the evaluation of collected data and their statistical analysis. Before the research 4 hypotheses were provided. These hypothesis were confirmed by statistical evaluation of questionnaires. The questionnaires were filled in by sisters from the surgical department and intensive care units. At the end of the thesis is work evaluation. Keywords Vascular access, peripheral venous cannula, central venous cannula, nursing, dressing, asepsis, infections, nurse, patient