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Der aktuelle demographische Wandel umfasst nicht nur den Rückgang der Bevölkerung und die Alterung der Gesellschaft, sondern auch das Abnehmen der Haushaltsgrößen und veränderte Familienstrukturen. Das betrifft in erster Linie Veränderungen von Lebensformen insbesondere von Frauen, die eine große Rolle im Prozess des gegenwärtigen demographischen Wandels spielen. Am Beispiel der Stadt Leipzig stehen diese Entwicklungen im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Studie. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit wird – neben einem generellen Überblick über Trends des demographischen Wandels in Leipzig nach der politischen Wende – in einer empirischen Analyse von veränderten Lebensformen junger Frauen in Leipzig liegen.

Extraction of accurate quantitative parameters to characterize water diffusion in complex porous media like brain tissue in neuroimaging is a challenging inverse problem, that depends on medium\''s structural and geometrical factors [1,3]. If the role of membranes is generally invoked, probe collisions with the insoluble cytoskeleton network and water hydrodynamic interactions with dissolved macromolecules and cytoskeleton occur as well [2]. The latter two interactions have been shown to determine the phenomenological “anomalous diffusion” of probes in the cytoplasm [4,5,6,7,8]. Additionally, the diffusion of small solutes in cytoplasm could be slowed by the local micro-viscosity of the aqueous phase, a phenomenon generally not taken into account in simulations. We suggest that the Grey and White Matter contrast in Diffusion Decay Imaging (DDI) could be caused by differences in cytoskeleton structures, composed respectively of actin and tubulin that could act by the elimination of one possible water diffusion pathlength by the volume occupied by the network phase. This could explain why anomalous DDI signal has been shown to be independent of membrane integrity [9]. Cytoplasm is able to rapidly shift from a sol (aqueous solutions embedded with insolubles particles) to a gel state (a colloidal solutions with a structured semi-solid and an aqueous fluid phase) or to a viscous solution when the insoluble particles become soluble. Does water have the ability of being a sensor of its local “self-viscosity” ? What is the length of the water diffusion\''s path compared to cells size ? Compared to this path length, how many cellular structures should be probed by water\''s translational diffusion ? We try to respond to these questions by investigating Diffusion Decay Imaging models and their effects on the hypothese-free q-space diffusion propagator shape [3], containing all informations concerning viscosity-slowed gaussian diffusion, structural informations [3] and restricted diffusion [1].

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Der Forschungsbericht der Institute für Experimentelle Physik I und II und des Instituts für Theoretische Physik erscheint jährlich und berichtet über die Aktivitäten und die Mitarbeiter der Institute. Den Hauptteil des Forschungsbericht bilden Forschungsberichte aus den einzelnen Abteilungen der Institute (Halbleiterphysik, Magnetismus, Optik und Akustik).

The Institute for Experimental Physics II of Universität Leipzig welcomes you to read its activity report 2001. In the following some statistics about the structure of the institute, the people involved, and the teaching activities are summarized. The core of the report is built by the scientific activity reports - arranged according to the groups making up the institute: solid-state optics and acoustics, semiconductor physics, nuclear solid-state physics, physics of dielectric solids, superconductivity and magnetism.

The Physics Institutes of Universität Leipzig present their joint report 2002. In the following, brief articles about the scientific activities and results are compiled. Key achievements in the Institutes for Experimental Physics were obtained in the fields of cell analysis with optical stretchers, laser-stimulated growth of nerve cells, pulsed field gradient NMR, confinement-induced relaxation processes in polymers, ion-beam nano-probes, acoustic microscopy, far-infrared magneto-ellipsometry, and preparation of high-quality epitaxial ZnO layers and nanowires. Highlights in the research of the Institute for Theoretical Physics were the study of non-commutative geometry (mathematical and physical aspects), critical behaviour of non-equilibrium phase transitions, Monte Carlo studies of a large variety of systems and the renormalization group flow of low dimensional systems. We invite you to look for further details in the report.

In this report the Institutes of Physics of the Universität Leipzig present their scientific activities and major achievements in the year 2003.