¡§Internet¡¨ not only change our life, also increase a source for information searching before we make decision. However, the quantity of information provided from internet surpass the capability of human. The purposes of the study were to discuss how consumers search information in internet, and how consumer information search behavior be different because of internet. Among all industry in Taiwan, tourism is the best industry in applying e-commence. Further, 95 percent people in Taiwan are backpackers, so backpacker is a trend of people traveling in Taiwan. As a result, the study choose backpacker as subject to observe consumer information search behavior in internet. The study follows Schmidt & Spreng¡¦s model which indicate that perceived risk, perceived benefit, and search ability are variables of information search behavior. Besides, personal character is also a variable of internet information search behavior. According to an on-lined survey at 2003 with 1931 valid samples, 4 factors of internet perceived benefits were extracted. They were ¡§entertainment¡¨, ¡§ease of use¡¨, ¡§efficiency of using information¡¨, and ¡§useful¡¨. The factors of internet perceived risk were ¡¨credibility and significance¡¨, ¡§security¡¨, and ¡§time¡¨. The factors of backpack perceived benefits were ¡§cheerful¡¨, ¡§innovational¡¨, ¡§functional¡¨, ¡§economic¡¨ and ¡§signal¡¨. The factors of backpack perceived risk were ¡§money loss¡¨, ¡§bad route of travel¡¨, ¡§damage to friendship¡¨, ¡§heavy duty¡¨ and ¡§not economic¡¨. Many clusters were formed and they are significant different in information search behavior in internet according to chi-square test. The study result also shows that different personal character has different information search behavior in internet; Both ¡§the composition of travel party¡¨ and ¡§backpacker¡¦s travel ability and experience¡¨ have influence on backpacker¡¦s perception of travel; ¡§the experience and ability of using internet¡¨ and ¡§internet perceived benefit¡¨ are direct proposition, on the contrary, the experience and ability of using internet¡¨ and ¡§internet perceived benefit¡¨ are inverse proposition; most of backpackers are good educated and have good income; the purpose of backpacker is mainly to get flexible route of travel, and the economic factor is the last important of all.

In the dynamic global environment of today, understanding how travelers acquire information is important for marketing management decisions (Srinivasan 1990; Wilkie and Dickson 1985). For destination marketing managers, understanding information search behavior of travelers is crucial for designing effective marketing communication campaigns because information search represents the primary stage at which marketing can provide information and influence travelers' vacation decisions. Therefore, conceptual and empirical examinations of tourist information search behavior have a long tradition in tourism marketing literature (Etzel and Wahlers, 1985; Fodness and Murray, 1997, 1998, 1999; Perdue, 1985; Schul and Crompton, 1983; Snepenger and Snepenger 1993; Woodside and Ronkainen, 1980). Even though several studies examined travelers information search behavior and the factors that are likely to affect it, they all examined travelers' prior product knowledge as a uni-dimensional construct, most often referred to as destination familiarity or previous trip experiences (Woodside and Ronkainen, 1980). However, consumer behavior literature suggests that the prior product knowledge is not a uni-dimensional construct (Alba and Hutchinson). Alba and Hutchinson (1987) propose that prior product knowledge has two major components, familiarity and expertise, and cannot be measured by a single indicator. In addition, in tourism, little research has been done on the factors that are likely to influence travelers' prior product knowledge and, therefore, their information search behavior. The purpose of this study is to examine travelers' information search behavior by studying the effects of travelers' familiarity and expertise on their information search behavior and identifying the factors that are likely to influence travelers' familiarity and expertise and their information search behavior. A travelers' information search behavior model and a measurement instrument to assess the constructs of the model were designed for the use of this study. The model proposed that the type of information search (internal and/or external) that is likely to be utilized will be influenced by travelers' familiarity and expertise. In addition, travelers' involvement, learning, prior visits and cost of information search are proposed to influence travelers' familiarity and their information search behavior. Even though a very complex travelers' information search behavior model was proposed, only the effects of travelers' prior product knowledge (familiarity and expertise) on travelers' information search behavior were empirically tested due to the complex nature of the model. First the proposed measurement scales were pretested on 224 consumers. After making sure that proposed measures of each construct were valid and reliable, a survey of 470 consumers of travel/tourism services who reside in Virginia was conducted. Structural Equation Modeling (i.e., LISREL) analysis was performed to test the fit of the model. Results of the study confirmed that travelers' prior product knowledge has two components, familiarity and expertise, and expertise is a function of familiarity. Both familiarity and expertise affect travelers' information search behavior. While the effect of familiarity on internal search is positive and on external search is negative, the effect of expertise on internal search is negative and on external search is positive. The study identified a U-shaped relationship between travelers' prior product knowledge and external information search. At early stages of learning (low familiarity), travelers are likely to rely on external information sources to make their vacation decisions. As their prior product knowledge (familiarity) increases they tend to make their vacation decisions based on what is in their memory, therefore, reliance on external information sources decreases. However, as they learn more (become experts), they realize that they need more detailed information to make their vacation decisions. As a result, they start searching for additional external information to make their vacation decisions. / Ph. D.

This study examines adolescent students at an American international school and observes student use of social networking programs as well as physical actions in the search process. The study specifically observed multitasking behavior and organizational skills among students, as well as linkages made through social networking sites. Student observations, student interviews, analysis of Facebook entries, and a survey on multitasking yielded rich data. Students appear to be far more organized than previously suggested in the literature, and in this study, the organization proved to be largely self-taught. Students used their social networks to build a kind of group expertise that compensated for their youthful naivety. Students exhibited self-control within the search to the degree that they could focus on what they wanted to find, and they used heuristics—mental shortcuts—to achieve what they needed. Searches also suggest creativity in that students were flexible in their search methods and used a number of tools to gather information. Students could balance the needs of the academic or imposed search with their own online lives, meaning that they made compensations for social media and media multitasking when it was deemed necessary.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T13:12:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015 / Introdução: As Ligas Acadêmicas (LAs) nos Cursos de Medicina são formadas por grupos de estudantes de graduação com um interesse comum, que se reúnem periodicamente para realizar atividades práticas e teóricas ligadas a um campo da futura atuação profissional, supervisionados, em caráter voluntário, por um docente ou médico da área. As atividades práticas consistem em atendimento ambulatorial a pacientes, participação de grupos de estudos e acompanhamento de procedimentos. As LAs de Medicina desempenham, portanto, um papel peculiar na formação médica, uma vez que os alunos têm oportunidade de fazer escolhas de modo ativo e livre, desenvolver iniciativas inovadoras, trocar experiências e interagir com colegas interessados nos mesmos assuntos. Como ponto inicial de pesquisa afigurou-se a questão de como estes alunos realizam a busca de informações científicas que subsidiem seu estudo, nas atividades já comentadas das LAs. Tal questão foi posteriormente ampliada para o papel das LAs no processo de formação dos estudantes. O presente estudo volta-se para a importância das Ligas Acadêmicas de Medicina da UNIFESP na formação curricular dos graduandos e, neste contexto, o papel do acesso às fontes de informação científica. Objetivo: Investigar o processo de participação dos estudantes nas Ligas Acadêmicas (LAs) na Escola Paulista de Medicina, da UNIFESP, no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento da própria formação médica e à utilização sistemática da informação veiculada pela literatura científica em suas atividades. Metodologia: Considerando-se a natureza dos dados a serem obtidos e analisados, a pesquisa tem características qualitativas. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma pesquisa documental, no sentido de levantar dados históricos e relativos ao funcionamento das LAs em geral e na EPM, em particular. A seguir foi estudada uma população de alunos e supervisores das LAs da EPM, utilizando como estratégia de coleta de dados entrevistas semiestruturadas. Resultados e Discussão: Os estudantes procuram as LAs com o intuito de complementar sua formação escolar, sobretudo no que diz respeito ao contato com o paciente. As atividades teóricas foram valorizadas enquanto se relacionam com os atendimentos. Diversos alunos demonstraram interesse por atividades de pesquisa, embora tanto os próprios como seus supervisores identificassem uma lacuna na busca criteriosa de dados na literatura. A participação nas LAs não se mostrou fator indutor da especialização precoce. Aspectos tais como a colaboração entre colegas de diferentes séries, a supervisão de pequenos grupos de estudantes e a responsabilidade pelo atendimento surgiram nas falas dos entrevistados. Conclusões: A participação nas LAs foi considerada de grande importância na formação não apenas teórica e técnica dos estudantes, mas mostrou-se especialmente valiosa em seu amadurecimento no “ser médico”. A formação humanística foi especialmente ressaltada como um determinante do futuro exercício da profissão médica. / Introduction: Interest Groups (IGs) in Medical Schools are formed by groups of undergraduate students with a common interest, which meet periodically to carry out theoretical and practical activities related to a field of future professional activities, supervised, on a voluntary basis, by a teacher of doctor from the area. Practical activities (medical consultations) consists of patient care, participation in study groups and follow-up procedures, among others. The Medicine IGs therefore play a peculiar role in medical education, as students have the opportunity to make active and freely choices, develop innovative initiatives, exchange experiences and interact with colleagues interested in the same issues. The first search question was how these students perform the search for scientific information that subsidize their study, in the activities already mentioned of IGs. Such a question was later replaced to the role of the IGs in the students' training process, as a hole. This study turns to the importance of Medical IGs in UNIFESP in the training curriculum of the students and in this context, the role of accessing scientific information sources. Objectives: The study aims at investigating the participation of medical students of UNIFESP, focusing the development of their medical training and the systematic use of scientific literature information in their activities. Methodology: Considering the nature of the information to be got and analyzed, a qualitative approach was used. First, a document search was conducted, in order to raise historical data about IGs in general and particularly in UNIFESP. Later, a population of students and supervisors of IGs was interviewed. Results and Discussion: The students searched for IGs in order to complement their school training, looking forward to have contact with patients. They valued theoretical activities because these were related to consultation issues. Several students stated they wanted to perform scientific research, although they and their supervisors observed a poor capacity of searching scientific information in literature. They also appreciated the interaction with students from other years, as well as supervision of small groups of students and responsibility for their tasks. Conclusions: Taking part in IGs was considered of great importance in the students’ training, not only in developing theoretical and practical skills, but also specially for their growing as “being doctors”. The interviewed considered particularly the construction of a humanistic practice in their future exercise of medical profession.

The Internet – when defined as a massive, uncontrolled database of information – is not a reliable source of information. Despite this, it has developed into the default terminology tool for most translators today. This study explores what criteria are used by translators to define website credibility and whether translation experience affects the criteria used. Three groups of differently experienced translators were asked to translate two technical texts from English to Swedish and document the websites they visited. The documentation was used as the basis for follow-up interviews, where the translators were asked to argue for their choices. The results show a significant similarity in application of criteria between student and experienced translators, indicating that other factors than experience are at play. Moreover, source text complexity does not affect the criteria used but rather to what extent research is performed. These results can be used to encourage further research into the information search behavior of translators.