Title: Hälsa i sociala medier - En kvalitativ studie om hur hälsoinformatörer upplever och påverkas  av hälsobudskap i sociala medier. Title: Health in social media - A qualitative study of how health communicators perceive and are affected by health messages in social media. Author: Anna Hedström Institute: Karlstad University. Faculty of health, nature and engineering sciences. Tutor: Owe Stråhlman Date: 150615 Number of pages: 34 Keywords: eHealth literacy, health communication, health informers, health literacy, health messages, media literacy, social media   Background: With an increased interest in diet and exercise, also health and fitness messages have increased in both traditional and social media. The general guidelines on physical activity and diet are forgotten as training tips increase in the media. Research shows that it is common for individuals to retrieve information from the media when it comes to their own health. In doing so media literacy, health literacy and eHealth literacy becomes increasingly important for health communicators and for those who receive health information.   Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine health communicators’ experiences of health messages in social media, and how they are affected by them.   Method: Qualitative interviews were chosen as a method to collect data. Six individuals participated in the study, four of them were females and two were men. The criterion for participation was to somehow work to inform about health. To analyze the data collected, qualitative contained analysis were used.   Results: The analysis revealed four categories; the health informer experiences of social media content, social media's impact on customers, social media's impact on the health informer work and the health informers use of social media in their work. The results show that health informers experience a certain lack of knowledge among health messages in social media and that many of them are too extreme. These health informers experience that their customers are more well-informed now than a few years ago, due to the use of Facebook, Instagram and blogs. Using social media to search information about diet and exercise is good because it is easily accessible and it is fast, but if one does not have the knowledge of what should be weeded out, these advantages can easily become disadvantages. Respondents feel that it has become a larger equality on diet and exercise that they believe may be due to health messages disseminated on social media. Health communicators can work with to get their customers to be more critical of what they read.   Conclusion: The conclusion of the result is that the health communicators indirectly affected by health messages on social media by their clients that often come with questions about things they read or want help to look like some bloggers they follow. Health communicators work is affected in the way that they need to take advantage of social media to help its customers as well as possible and they must also talk to their customers about the source criticism and that they should focus on what feels good for the customer .

Univ., Diss.-2004--Dresden, 2003. / Literaturverz. S. [190] - 202.

Zugl.: Augsburg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2005.

Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Universiẗat, Diss., 2007.

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Orientador: Fernando Teixeira da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T02:47:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Resende_PameladeAlmeida_M.pdf: 2086507 bytes, checksum: ac70deb3aa0680758407b737a0752e83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa buscou examinar, por meio da análise da documentação do Departamento de Ordem Política e Social do Estado de São Paulo (DEOPS/SP) e do Serviço Nacional de Informações (SNI), a atuação da comunidade de informações e segurança do regime civil-militar em relação aos movimentos de luta pela anistia, entre 1975 e 1983. Com o fortalecimento das lutas democráticas, esse período foi marcado pela intensificação das manifestações sociais, além da decretação da Lei de Anistia em 1979. As entidades de luta pela anistia (MFPA e CBAs) estão inseridas nesse contexto de reivindicações pela sua capacidade mobilizatória, atuando de maneira central no processo de descompressão do regime, assim como nas discussões acerca da exigência de uma anistia que fosse ampla, geral e irrestrita. Nesse sentido, essa relação entre a vigilância do Estado e a atuação dos movimentos pela anistia ganha destaque considerando os limites da chamada distensão, cujas práticas guardam muitas continuidades em relação ao período anterior, além de trazer a tona os dissensos no interior das Forças Armadas. Isso porque, à medida que se rearticulavam os movimentos sociais, aumentavam as contradições internas quanto às políticas de repressão, numa demonstração de que o processo de transição política deveria levar em consideração também as demandas de uma parte da corporação militar visivelmente insatisfeita com os rumos da abertura. Esse período seria marcado, então, pela "lógica da desconfiança" de um regime que, mesmo em tempos de abertura política, promoveu uma vigilância diária e sistemática contra os opositores ou possíveis opositores do regime / Abstract: Based on the documentation from the Department of Political and Social Order of the State of São Paulo (DEOPS / SP) and from the National Information Service (SNI), this research aimed to examine the performance of the community of information and the security of the civil-military regime related to struggle movements for amnesty, from 1975 to 1983. With the strengthening of democratic struggles, that period was marked by the intensification of social manifestations, in addition to the enactment of the Amnesty Law in 1979. Struggle entities for amnesty (MFPA and CBAs) are inserted in this context of claims by their mobilizing capacity, acting centrally in the process of decompression of the regime, as well as in discussions about the requirement for an amnesty that was broad, general and unrestricted. In this sense, the relationship between the state surveillance and the struggle movements for amnesty stands out considering the limits of so-called distention, whose practices keep many continuities from the previous period, beyond bringing out the dissent within the armed forces. It occurs because as social movements were rearticulated, internal contradictions were increased, regarding the policies of repression, a demonstration that the political transition process should also take into consideration the demands of a part of the military corporation visibly unhappy with the direction of political opening. This period was marked, then, by the "logic of suspicion" of a regime that, even in times of political opening, promoted daily vigilance and systematic against its opponents or potential opponents / Mestrado / Historia Social / Mestra em História

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The research was conducted as a result of the long standing criticism against undercover operations due to the conduct of informers and agents during these operations. Since both undercover operations and informers are controversial issues it may cause serious judicial problems if the system is not applied correctly. The problem was investigated by means of qualitative research. A thorough literature study and semi-structured interviews were used to gather the required data. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with advocates of the Director of Public Prosecutions Free State and detectives from the Organised Crime Unit of the South African Police Service. It has been found that undercover operations are an effective manner to address organised crime and especially precious metals related crimes. Undercover operations are an excellent barometer to determine the extent of organised crime. It gives investigators a clear view of the compilation of a syndicate and the roles of leaders, runners and associates. Informers are invaluable sources of information. Without the use of informers it will be virtually impossible to engage in undercover operations, since the police will have no intelligence to engage into an investigation of this nature. The implications of the findings are that it is the responsibility of investigators, agents and informers to keep the system transparent, fair and acceptable. Their conduct may never violate their mandate and the boundaries of the investigation. Undercover operations are justified when the system is properly administered, structured, controlled and without bias. / Forensic Investigation / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

The problem that was identified is that physical surveillance is not generally used by general detectives in the South African Police Service as a technique during their investigations. According to the researcher’s experience, this can be due to lack of understanding or experience or may stem from ignorance. A lack of training on the use of physical surveillance as a method to obtain information for the investigation process was also identified as a problem. This study therefore investigated the role and use of physical surveillance within the forensic investigation process. The focus of the research was on basic static (stationary), foot and vehicle surveillance as these types of surveillance are usually conducted in conjunction with each other. An empirical research design was used to conduct the research. A qualitative research approach enabled the researcher to obtain first-hand information from interviews with general detectives. Information was also obtained from a thorough literature study and from the researcher’s own experience on the topic. To conduct effective investigation, it is important for investigators to be familiar with the concept of physical surveillance, its elements, its influence and its values. A physical surveillance operation is a forensic tool used to gather evidence, to recover stolen property, and to identify and arrest the perpetrator. The use of physical surveillance during investigations serves the purpose of gathering evidence and information that can be used as intelligence. Successful forensic investigation requires skill and places extraordinary demands on detectives to utilise all available methods and techniques. The recognition of the use of physical surveillance as a method of evidence gathering is of outmost importance. The research has revealed that general detectives do not acknowledge the importance of physical surveillance as a method to obtain information for the investigation process. It is of vital importance that all detectives be properly trained with the necessary knowledge and skills to make use of this valuable investigative tool. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)