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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Buried AGNs in Advanced Mergers: Mid-infrared Color Selection as a Dual AGN Candidate Finder

Satyapal, Shobita, Secrest, Nathan J., Ricci, Claudio, Ellison, Sara L., Rothberg, Barry, Blecha, Laura, Constantin, Anca, Gliozzi, Mario, McNulty, Paul, Ferguson, Jason 23 October 2017 (has links)
A direct consequence of hierarchical galaxy formation is the existence of dual supermassive black holes, which may be preferentially triggered as active galactic nuclei (AGNs) during galaxy mergers. Despite decades of searching, however, dual AGNs are extremely rare, and most have been discovered serendipitously. Using the all-sky WISE survey, we identified a population of over 100 morphologically identified interacting galaxies or mergers that display red mid-infrared colors often associated in extragalactic sources with powerful AGNs. The vast majority of these advanced mergers are optically classified as star-forming galaxies, which suggests that they may represent an obscured population of AGNs that cannot be found through optical studies. In this work, we present Chandra/ACIS observations and near-infrared spectra with the Large Binocular Telescope of six advanced mergers with projected pair separations less than similar to 10 kpc. The combined X-ray, near-infrared, and mid-infrared properties of these mergers provide confirmation that four out of the six mergers host at least one AGN, with four of the mergers possibly hosting dual AGNs with projected separations less than similar to 10 kpc, despite showing no firm evidence for AGNs based on optical spectroscopic studies. Our results demonstrate that (1) optical studies miss a significant fraction of single and dual AGNs in advanced mergers, and (2) mid-infrared pre-selection is extremely effective in identifying dual AGN candidates in late-stage mergers. Our multi-wavelength observations suggest that the buried AGNs in these mergers are highly absorbed, with intrinsic column densities in excess of similar to N-H > 10(24) cm(-2), consistent with hydrodynamic simulations.
22

Candidats (proto-)amas de galaxies à grand redshift vus par le CFHT / High-redshift galaxy (proto-)cluster candidates as seen by the CFHT

Clarenc, Benjamin 11 September 2018 (has links)
Les galaxies locales ont des propriétés différentes selon leur environnement : couleur, morphologie, fraction de gaz, etc. Cette différentiation s'est opérée durant leur formation. Les observations indiquent que ce pic d'activité de formation stellaire a eu lieu vers z=2 et que les environnements denses étaient à cette époque des lieux de formation stellaire très intense, soit l'inverse d'aujourd'hui. C'est en observant les progéniteurs des amas massifs actuels que l'on pourra comprendre l’origine de ces différences. Mais les (proto-)amas à grand z sont difficilement observables. De bons candidats sont les galaxies sub-millimétriques, qui tracent directement la formation stellaire. Grâce aux observations des satellites Planck, Herschel et Spitzer, un échantillon de 82 candidats a été construit : SPHerIC (Spitzer–Planck–Herschel infrared clusters). Ses données indiquent des sources compatibles avec les progéniteurs des amas massifs locaux. 13 de ces champs ont été observés par le CFHT. J’ai tiré parti de ces nouvelles données afin de rendre SPHerIC plus robuste. Après avoir développé un pipeline photométrique pour créer les catalogues de sources JKs, j'ai généré des cartes de densité surfacique de galaxies par tranches de couleur J-Ks. J'ai défini 8 couleurs J-Ks à partir des modèles de Berta et al. (2013) pour contraindre le redshift des galaxies. Je quantifie la coïncidence entre les positions des surdensités JKs, des surdensités IRAC-rouges et des sources SPIRE-rouges. Les diagrammes couleur-magnitude (J-Ks) vs Ks couplés aux modèles de Kodama et al. (1998) semblent indiquer la présence d’une séquence rouge à z~2 pour 12 des 13 champs. Les diagrammes couleur-couleur [3.6]-[4.5] vs (J-Ks) des sources IRAC-rouges sont eux compatibles avec les modèles de galaxies en phase de formation stellaire de Berta et al. (2013), un résultat compatible avec ceux de Planck et Herschel. Toutes les analyses de nos données photométriques convergent vers la conclusion que nos candidats sont de réelles structures à grand redshift et à formation stellaire intense. Après l'observation spectroscopique de sources SPHerIC au télescope de 30 m de l'IRAM, je confirme notamment l'existence de 2 structures à z>2. À partir des flux CO, je dérive la luminosité infrarouge et le SFR dont les valeurs semblent indiquer là encore des structures en phase de formation stellaire intense. J'ai aussi contribué au projet spatial Euclid en étudiant les variations de la PSF de la caméra VIS en fonction du type d'objet observé et de sa position sur le plan focal, et je montre que les variations sont faibles pour les étoiles et galaxies standards. / The properties of local galaxies (color, morphology, gas fraction, etc.) greatly depend on their environment. The differentiation occurred during their assembly. Current observations indicate that the peak of star formation occurred around z=2 and that dense environments used to be cradles of intense star formation, unlike today. This differentiation may be explained by observing the high-z progenitors of today’s most massive systems. However, such sources are rare. Good candidates are sub-millimeter galaxies, because they directly trace star formation. A sample of 82 such candidates named SPHerIC (Spitzer–Planck–Herschel infrared clusters) was made from the data of these three satellites. From them, 13 have been observer by the CFHT. I extracted as much information as I could from those new data in order to make SPHerIC more robust. After making JKs source catalogs with a self-made photometric pipeline, I made galaxy surface density maps in J–Ks color slices. I defined 8 colors using Berta et al. (2013) galaxy templates to constrain the redshift of galaxies. I show the coincidence between the position of JKs and IRAC-red overdensities with the position of SPIRE red sources. JKs color–magnitude diagrams (J–Ks vs Ks) along with models from Kodama et al. (1998) may exhibit a z~2 red sequence in 12 out of 13 fields. NIR color–color diagrams ([3.6]–[4.5] vs J–Ks) of IRAC-red sources are compatible with starforming models from Berta et al. (2013), also compatible with Planck and Herschel results. The analyses of our photometric data all converge toward the fact that our candidates are genuine high-z star-forming structures. From spectroscopic observations at the IRAM/30m telescope, I confirm for instance 2 structures at z>2. Infrared luminosities and SFRs derived from CO fluxes are consistent with high-SFR sources. In parallel, I have been involved in the Euclid Consortium. I studied the PSF variations of the VIS imager w.r.t. the spectral type of observed objects and their position on the focal plane. I show there is a limited impact on the PSF as long as the stars and galaxies are standard.
23

MOLECULAR GAS PROPERTIES IN LOCAL LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES

Sliwa, Kazimierz 11 1900 (has links)
In this thesis, I analyze the physical conditions such as temperature, volume density and column density of the molecular gas in four Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs): Arp 55, NGC 1614, VV 114 and NGC 2623. LIRGs are systems where two gas-rich galaxies are in the process of merging. The goal of my thesis is to look for trends in the molecular gas properties during the merger process. I use several observations of transitions of carbon monoxide (12CO) and its isotopologue 13CO from the Submillimeter Array, Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The high-resolution observations allow me to analyze the molecular gas at several positions inside a single galaxy. The observations are fitted to models obtained from a radiative transfer code using a Bayesian likelihood method. I find that advanced mergers such as NGC 2623 and VV 114 have warmer (≥40 K), less dense (≤ 10^3 cm^−3) molecular gas than early/intermediate stage mergers such as Arp 55 and NGC 1614. I suggest that there are mechanisms such as stellar winds, supernovae and AGN activity that dissipate the molecular gas and thus lower the density and warm the gas as the merger progresses. The molecular gas pressure of the advanced mergers is found to be lower by nearly an order of magnitude when compared to the early/intermediate stage mergers. I also find that the [12CO]/[13CO] abundance ratio in NGC 1614, VV 114 and NGC 2623 is unusually high (> 100) when compared to the interstellar medium value near the center of the Milky Way (∼ 30). Interestingly, Arp 55 does not conform to this trend with a [12CO]/[13CO] value of ∼ 30, similar to the Milky Way center. I suggest that nucleosynthesis may play a big role in enhancing the abundance ratio and/or the molecular gas from the outer radii of Arp 55 has not reached the central inner regions to drive the abundance ratio up. Nevertheless, Arp 55 is in an interesting merger stage. Finally, I measured the CO luminosity to molecular gas mass conversion factor, alpha_{CO}, across the sample in search of the transition stage from a Galactic-like alpha_{CO} to the 4-5 times lower value found in LIRGs. iii The four sources all have measured alpha_{CO} values that are consistent with the LIRG value of 0.8 M_{sol} (K km s^−1 pc^2)^−1. I suggest that we look at an even earlier merger stage such as Arp 240 to find the point of transition. With the golden age of submillimeter astronomy upon us, this is just the beginning of furthering our knowledge of the merger process and what happens to the molecular gas, the fuel for all star formation. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
24

Étude statistique des structures à grand redshift observées par les satellites Planck et Herschel / Statistical study of high redshift sources observed by Planck and Herschel satellites

Guery, David 17 September 2015 (has links)
Les modèles et les observations actuels de l’Univers sont en accords aux grandes échelles. Néanmoins, cela ne permet pas d’expliquer la formation des structures baryoniques dans l’Univers. Afin de contraindre la formation des structures dans l’Univers, des observations sont nécessaires à différents redshifts pour observer les structures à différentes étapes d’évolutions. Le satellite Planck donne accès à des objets dont les redshifts sont compris entre z=2 et z=4. Ainsi environ 1200 objets extragalactiques susceptibles d’être à haut redshift sont détectés dans 26% du ciel, autour des pôles galactiques. Un sous échantillon de 228 sources est observé à plus grande sensibilité et résolution angulaire avec le satellite Herschel. Grâce à ces observations je peux résoudre les sources ponctuelles de Planck en plusieurs sources Herschel. J’identifie alors trois possibilités de type de sources, soit c’est une candidate de source amplifiée par lentillage gravitationnel, soit c’est un candidat d’amas de galaxies à haut redshift, soit c’est un alignement de sources fortuit le long de la ligne de visé. Après analyse, j’ai identifié dans cet échantillon 11 sources amplifiées par lentillage gravitationnel parmi les plus brillantes du ciel sub-millimétrique. Ces sources ont des redshifts compris entre z=2.2 et z=3.6 (Canameras et al., 2015) et permettent de sonder la formation stellaire dans l’Univers lointain. Il reste 217 surdensités de sources que j’ai étudié. En utilisant la couleur des sources Herschel, j’ai calculé une estimation de la densité des sources. 50% des champs Herschel de l’échantillon on une surdensité supérieur à 10sigma lorsque l’on sélectionne les sources rouges (S250/S350 < 1.4 et S500/S350 > 0.6). Cela montre que l’échantillon est principalement composé de surdensité de source rouge. En ajustant un corps noir modifié à 35K sur les données photométrique Herschel-SPIRE je montre que la distribution de redshift photométrique des sources piquent à z=2. Notre échantillon se compose donc de 11 sources lentillées et 217 potentiels amas de galaxies à redshift z~2. Ces potentiels amas de galaxies se compose d’en moyenne 9 sources dans 4.5’ de diamètre. Les sources individuelles ont des luminosités infrarouges d’environ 4.1012 Lsol ce qui correspond d’après Bell et al. 2003 à un taux de formation stellaire (SFR) de 700 Msol.yr-1. Cela mène pour les potentielles structures à une luminosité de 4.1013 Msol et un SFR de 7000 Msol.yr-1. Notre échantillon trace donc les structures denses du ciel à fort taux de formation stellaire. Cet échantillon sera donc clé dans la compréhension de la formation des structures et des étoiles à des redshifts autour de z=2. / Actual models and observations of the Universe agreed at large scale. But the formation of baryonic structures remains unknown. To constrain structure formation in the Universe, observatoins are needed at different redshift to see different evolution steps. Planck satellite gives an acces to objetcs in the redshift range z=2 to z=4. Thus we detect about 1200 extragalactic objects in 26% of the sky near galactic poles, candidates to be at high redshift. A sample of 228 sources is observed at higher sensibility and resolution than Planck with Herschel satellite. This lead to resolve ponctual Planck sources in several Herschel sources. So I identify three possible types of object : candidates sources of gravitationally amplified lenses, galaxy cluster candidates and alignement of sources along the line of sight. I find in the sample 11 sources amplified by gravitationnal lensing, some of the brightest of the submillimeter sky. Those have redshift between z=2.2 and z=3.6 (Canameras et al., 2015) and provide a zoom in the stellar formation of the far Universe. It let 217 overdensity of sources that I study. With their colour in Herschel data, I find an estimate of their density. 50% of Herschel fields have an overdensity greater than 10sigma using red sources colour selection (S250/S350 < 1.4 et S500/S350 > 0.6). This show that our ample is mainly composed of red overdensity. Fitting Herschel-SPIRE photometry with a modify black body at 35K, I show that the photmetric redshift distribution of Herschel sources peaks around z=2. Our sample is now composed of 11 lensed sources and 217 galaxy cluster candidates at z~2. These galaxy cluster candidates contain an average of 9 SPIRE sources in 4.5’ diameter beam. Individual sources have a luminosity distribution peaking at 4.1012 Lsun which leads to a star formation rate (SFR) of 700 Msun.yr-1 (Bell et al. 2003). This gives an estimate structure luminosity of 4.1013 Msun and an SFR of 7000 Msun.yr-1 assuming that sources are members of the same structure. Our sample traces dense structure at high star formation rate in the full sky. This sample will be a key in the comprehension of structure formation and star formation at redshift about z=2.
25

Comprehensive Multiwavelength Studies of Local Ultra-/Luminous Infrared Galaxies and Implications on the Mechanism of Supermassive Black Hole-Galaxy Coevolution / 近傍超/高光度赤外線銀河の包括的な多波長研究と超大質量ブラックホールと銀河の共進化機構への示唆

Yamada, Satoshi 23 March 2022 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第23707号 / 理博第4797号 / 新制||理||1687(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)准教授 上田 佳宏, 教授 嶺重 慎, 准教授 岩室 史英 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
26

Multi-wavelength view of Lyman break galaxies at z ~ 3 : star formation and dust attenuation / Analyse multi-longueurs d'onde de galaxies à discontinuité de Lyman à z ~ 3 : formation stellaire et atténuation par les poussières

Álvarez Márquez, Javier 09 December 2016 (has links)
Depuis le milieu des années 1990, la taille des échantillons de galaxies situées à très grande distance (“redshift”) de nous, au tout début de la vie de l'univers a augmenté grace à la sensibilité croissante des télescopes optiques / infrarouge proche. Cependant, les propriétés des poussières continues dans ces galaxies sont mal connues en raison de l'absence d'observations profondes en infrarouge lointain et en sous-mm. Cette thèse explore les propriétés multi-longueur d'onde d'une population de galaxies observées ~ 2Gyr après le Big Bang. Notre échantillon comprend 22000 galaxies, et il a été sélectionné à partir de la discontinuité de Lyman. Nous utilisons une technique statistique, appelée analyse d'empilement, qui combine le signal provenant d'un grand nombre de sources individuellement non détectées dans le but d’ameliorer les limites de détection par rapport aux observations actuelles, à ces longueurs d'onde. Elle nous permet d'obtenir une distribution spectrale d’énergie complete de l’ultraviolet lointain à l’infrarouge lointain, et d'étudier la formation des étoiles et l'atténuation par la poussière sur ces galaxies. / Since the mid-1990s, the sample of galaxies in the early universe has been growing thanks to the increasing sensitivities in the Optical/NIR telescopes. However, their dust properties are poorly known due to the lack of deep far-infrared or sub-mm observations. This thesis explores the multi-wavelength properties of a population of galaxies observed ~2Gyr after the Big Bang. Our sample includes 22000 galaxies, and it has been selected by the classical U-dropout or Lyman Break technique. We use a statistical technique, called stacking analysis, that combines the signal from a large number of sources to lower the detection limits on the current long wavelengths observations. It allows us to obtain data over the full FUV-to-FIR spectral domain, and study the star formation and dust attenuation of these galaxies.
27

Caractériser la formation d'étoiles obscurcie à z ~ 2 dans l'Univers / Unveiling the dusty star formation of the Universe at z ~ 2.

Riggucini, Laurie 30 September 2011 (has links)
Une fraction non négligeable de l'histoire de la formation stellaire a lieu dans des environnements très affectés par la poussière. Il est donc naturel de se demander si on arrive à bien contraindre cette activité de formation d'étoiles. En effet, une part importante de cette activité pourrait être manquée due à la présence de poussière. C'est dans ce contexte que s'inscrit le travail que je vais présenter.Dans la première partie de ma thèse, j'ai eu pour but de déterminer la fraction de galaxies lumineuses formant des étoiles à haut redshift (i.e. 1.5<z<3) sélectionnées à partir des observations MIPS-24μm du champs COSMOS manquées par les critères UV/optique que je détaille ci-après. J'ai appliqué à mon échantillon de galaxies les critères BzK et BM/BX, ainsi que la sélection des «IRAC peakers» et celle des sources optiquement faibles mais brillantes en IR (OFIR, de l'anglais «Optically Faint IR-bright sources»). J'ai ensuite quantifié la contribution de ces différentes sous-populations à la fonction de luminosité à 8μm au repos ainsi qu'à la densité de taux de formation d'étoiles à z~2. Les résultats obtenus soulignent le danger d'utiliser des sélections couleurs de ce type lorsque l'on cherche à quantifier la formation stellaire enfouie dans la poussière. En effet, si le critère BzK offre une identification quasi-complète (~90%) de l'échantillon 24μm, il n'en est pas de même des autres critères. Par exemple, la sélection BM/BX manque 50% des sources considérées et celle des «IRAC peakers» ne sélectionne que 64% de l'échantillon d'étude. Il faut par conséquent être prudent lorsqu'on décide d'utiliser de telles méthodes de sélection qui entraînent nécessairement des extrapolations incertaines, pouvant ainsi fausser notre compréhension de la contribution des galaxies fortement affectées par l'extinction.Dans une seconde partie, je cherche à comprendre la nature composite des sources OFIR les plus brillantes. Cette démarche vise à apporter une compréhension supplémentaire à la connexion AGN/galaxie à flambée de formation stellaire. En se basant sur les données PACS à 100 et 160 μm du satellite herschel, je peux mieux contraindre les distributions spectrales d'énergie de mes sources. Je souhaite déterminer la fraction de la luminosité de ces sources due à la présence d'un AGN ou à la forte activité de formation stellaire dans le but de mieux comprendre le lien entre ces deux phénomènes. Ces sources OFIR brillantes (F_24μm> 1mJy) présentent des couleurs 100/24 et 160/24 plus faibles que les autres sources du champ COSMOS et leur luminosité semble donc provenir majoritairement d'un AGN. Les avancées technologiques et l'exploration des longueurs d'ondes en infra-rouge lointain et en submillimétrique, avec notamment Herschel, SCUBA-2, Alma, JWST, permettront de mieux comprendre la connexion AGN/ flambée de formation stellaire au sein des galaxies jusqu'à des hauts redshifts. / A non-negligible fraction of the star formation across cosmic time occurred within dust-enshrouded environment. One question of the main interest is then do we really know the exact amount of star formation activity. Indeed, this amount could be strongly biased by the effect of dust extinction.This features the context of the work I will discuss here.First of all, I focused my work on determining the number of luminous star-forming galaxies at 1.5<z<3 that are potentially missed by traditional UV/optical selections. I based my work on 24μm sources brighter than 80μJy in the COSMOS field. I applied to this mid-IR selected sample the BzK and BM/BX criteria, as well as the selections of the "IRAC Peakers" and the "Optically Faint-IR bright" galaxies (OFIR). I also quantified the contribution of these sub-populations to the IR luminosity and cosmic star formation density at z~2. I found that the BzK criterion offers an almost complete (~90%) identification of the 24μm sources at 1.4<z<2.5. In contrast, the BM/BX criterion misses 50% of the MIPS sources and the "IRAC Peakers" one only selects 64% of my sample. Color selections of distant star-forming galaxies must be indeed used with a lot of caution given the substantial bias they can suffer. In particular, the effect of dust extinction strongly affects the completeness of identifications at the bright end of the bolometric luminosity function, which could lead to large and uncertain extrapolations in order to account for the contribution of dusty galaxies missed by these selections.In a second time, I was interested in the composite nature of ultra-luminous infra-red galaxies presenting extreme optical/mid-IR colors at z∼2. I here try to better understand the Starburst/AGN connection in the brightest sources of my OFIR sample. Using PACS 100 and 160 μm from the Herschel Telescope, I have better constraints on the spectral energy distributions of the sources. The goal here is to determine the fraction of the IR luminosity due to the AGN and the fraction due to a strong star-forming activity. Theses really bright (F_24μm> 1mJy) OFIR sources present fainter 100/24 and 160/24 colors than the rest of the 24μm-selected sources. Their luminosity might then come from a strong AGN activity. The forthcoming facilities that will operate at long wavelengths (e.g., JWST, AKMA, SCUBA-2, etc.) will allow a better understanding of the link between the AGN activity and the star-forming one, up to high redshifts.
28

Infrared-bright galaxies in the millennium simulation and Sunyaev Zeldovich effect contamination

Opolot, Daniel Christopher January 2010 (has links)
>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Measuring the evolution of the abundance of galaxy clusters puts constraints on cosmological parameters like the cosmological density parameter m, σ8 and the dark energy equation of state parameter, w. Current observations that promise to give large cluster counts and their properties are those that rely on the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (SZE) from clusters. We study the contamination of the SZ signals from galaxy clusters by cluster infrared (IR) galaxies and particularly faint IR galaxies. We use the Millennium simulation database to extract galaxy clusters and deduce contaminant IR fluxes using the star formation rate - IR luminosity relations. We use the IR spectral energy distribution(SED) to obtain the monochromatic fluxes at 145 GHz, 217 GHz and 265 GHz, which are the observation frequencies of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). Taking ACT as a case study, we selected all clusters with Mvir ≥ 2 × 1014 M⊙, and consider all galaxies in a cluster with star formation rate sfr ≥ 0.2 M⊙yr−1 as IR galaxies. From the fluxes of these selected sources, we compute their contribution to the SZE temperature fluctuations.We find that the galaxies in clusters have a non-neglible contribution to the SZ signals.In massive and rich clusters the contribution can be as high as 100 μK at z = 0.36,which is substantial when compared to the thermal SZE of & 270μK for such clusters.This effect can be reduced significantly if proper modelling of IR sources is done to pick out the point sources within clusters. We also find that irrespective of the mass range,the average contaminant temperature fluctuation T can be modelled as a power-law: T = Czm, where z is the redshift, m = 1.8 ± 0.07 and C takes on a range of values(0.008 to 0.9) depending on the cluster mass and the observation frequency respectively.We also study some properties of simulated galaxy clusters like substructures in clusters,2D projected distributions and number density profiles, which are all discussed in the results.
29

The optical and NIR luminous energy output of the Universe : the creation and utilisation of a 9 waveband consistent sample of galaxies using UKIDSS and SDSS observations with the GAMA and MGC spectroscopic datasets

Hill, David T. January 2011 (has links)
Theories of how galaxies form and evolve depend greatly on constraints provided by observations. However, when those observations come from different datasets, systematic offsets may occur. This causes difficulties measuring variations in parameters between filters. In this thesis I present the variation in total luminosity density with wavelength in the nearby Universe (z<0.1), produced from a consistent reanalysis of NIR and optical observations, taken from the MGC, UKIDSS and SDSS surveys. I derive luminosity distributions, best-fitting Schechter function parameterisations and total luminosity densities in ugrizYJHK, and compare the variation in luminosity density with cosmic star formation history (CSFH) and initial mass function (IMF) models. I examine the r band luminosity distribution produced using different aperture definitions, the joint luminosity- surface brightness (bivariate brightness) distribution in ugrizYJHK, comparing them to previously derived distributions, and how the total luminosity density varies with wavelength when surface brightness incompleteness is accounted for. I find the following results. (1) The total luminosity density calculated using a non-Sersic (e.g. Kron or Petrosian) aperture is underestimated by at least 15%, (2) Changing the detection threshold has a minor effect on the best-fitting Schecter parameters, but the choice of Kron or Petrosian apertures causes an offset between datasets, regardless of the filter used to define the source list, (3) The decision to use circular or elliptical apertures causes an offset in M* of 0.20 mag, and best-fitting Schechter parameters from total magnitude photometric systems have a flatter faint-end slope than Kron or Petrosian photometry, (4) There is no surface brightness distribution evolution with luminosity for luminous galaxies, but at fainter magnitudes the distribution broadens and the peak surface brightness dims. A Choloniewski function that is modified to account for this surface brightness evolution fits the bivariate-brightness distribution better than an unmodified Choloniewski function, (5) The energy density per unit interval, vf(v) derived using MGC and GAMA samples agrees within 90% confidence intervals, but does not agree with predictions using standard CSFH and IMF models. Possible improvements to the data and alterations to the theory are suggested.
30

Cosmological constraints : from the cosmic infrared background measurement to the gravitational lensing in massive galaxy clusters / Contraintes cosmologiques : de la mesure du fond diffus infrarouge au lentillage gravitationnel dans les amas de galaxies massifs

Jauzac, Mathilde 17 November 2011 (has links)
La thématique principale de mon travail de thèse est l’é;volution et la formation structures en fonction du décalage vers le rouge (redshift par la suite).Mon travail de thèse se divise en deux parties distinctes, qui finalement se regroupent au cours de mes derniers travaux. Dans un premier temps, j’ai étudié l’évolution du Fond Diffus Infrarouge (Cosmic Infrared Background, CIB par la suite) en fonction du redshift à 70 et 160 µm en utilisant des données provenant du satellite Spitzer. J’ai effectué ce travail dans les champs GOODS & COSMOS en appliquant la méthode d’empilement (stacking, par la suite). Dans un second temps, j’ai étudié la distribution de masse dans des amas de galaxies situé à grand redshift en utilisant le lentillage gravitationnel faible. Pour ce faire, j’ai utilisé des données optiques provenant du satellite spatial Hubble (Hubble Space Telescope, HST par la suite). Ces données proviennent du relevé d’amas MACS (MAssive Cluster Survey). Les amas de galaxies étudiés ici font partis d’un sous-échantillon MACS, l’échantillon "grand-z" (high-z subsample). Comprendre l’état d’évolution des amas de galaxies à grand redshift permettrait de mettre des contraintes sur les modèles de formation et d’évolution des structures. La compréhension du cycle d’évolution des amas de galaxies est l’un des enjeux majeurs de la Cosmologie observationnelle actuelle. / The principal thematic of my thesis work is the evolution and the formation of structures as a function of the redshift.My thesis analysis can be separated un two distinct parts, which can finally be merged in a third part with my last works.Firstly, I studied the evolution of the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) as a function of redshift at 70 and 160 µm using data from the Spitzer Space Telescope. This analysis was performed in the GOODS & COSMOS fields by applying a stacking method.Secondly, I studied the mass distribtuion in massive galaxy clusters at high redshifts by using the gravitational lensign effect.I used optical data coming from the Hubble Space Telescope. The sample of galaxy clusters I used comes from a subsample of the MAssive Cluster Survey (MACS, PI:E. Ebeling) named the "high-z" sample, and which comprises 12 clusters.Understanding the state of evolution of galaxy clusters at high redshift wil allow us to put constraints on formation and evolution models of structures. The understanding of the evolution cycle of galaxy clusters is mandatory in terms of Observational Cosmology.

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