Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study explored the perspectives of Black mothers and daughters as they contemplated how two institutions ---schools and prisons/jails -- influenced their relationship with one another. As the incarceration rates for Black females increase in the U.S., examinations of these perspectives can produce insights about the impacts of schools and jails/prisons on the lives of these girls and women, and more pointedly, about the perceived contributions of racist and misogynistic forces on the Black mother-Black daughter relationship. Three pairs of mother-daughter dyads were selected and interviewed for the study. The daughters were Black middle school-aged girls between the ages 10 and 14, and the mothers were of varying ages. Two specific research questions centered on: (1) the participants’ perceptions of how these institutions have had an influence mother and daughter relationships, and (2) how they dealt with problems they faced either separately or together that were associated with school (for both participants in the dyad) and/or that resulted from the jail/prison experience (for the mother). Interviews were analyzed using phenomenological research methods and metaanalyzed from a critical feminist framework. Findings show that both mother and daughter have been resourceful in maintaining strong ties despite the array of forces that challenged these unions. Participants from both sides of these mothers and daughters dyads expressed how mothers’ parenting styles, lifestyle decisions, and self-perceptions were effected by the institutions of schooling and criminal justice. Although the findings of the study offered a glimpse of participants’ perspectives on racism and sexism as forces that influenced their experiences, the relationship issues between them were most prevalent. Further research is recommended to uncover more of the intricacies of sexism and racism as they relate to relationships and personal issues of Black, formerly incarcerated mothers and their pre-teen and teenaged daughters.

ABSRACT The diploma thesis deals with analysis the public transportation planning environment with focus in planning of public transport network service. In the introductory chapter there are shown and described different methods of public transport network planning and analysed influencing factors. Consequently the thesis examines the institutional framework as the principal factor and analyses contemporary Slovak public transportation legislative. Following the analyses are the first results and the suggestions of modifications presented. In the next part authors alternate method of public transport network rationalisation is shown. Despite traditional planning attitudes the thesis integrates into the issue also question of time geography. In the author methodology there are vast qualitative parameters defined. The parameters dealt with the system and also with the number of operated station and tracks. The methodology is consequently presented at the case study of Slovak long-distance public transport service. KEY WORDS Public transportation, Public transportation service, transportation planning, institutional influences, transport integration, Slovakia.

The internationalization research domain has predominantly focused on country level antecedents of firm level decisions, with particular emphasis on why certain countries are selected over others for foreign direct investment (FDI). This approach may oversimplify what actually occurs from both practical and research perspectives. Recently, MNE strategic orientation and conduct, as an outflow of a region-based localization perspective (i.e.,semiglobalization), has gained increased scholarly attention. The tradition of considering country level institutional environments may be more robustly informed by extending a paradigm which considers region-based institutions, in addition to country. Thus, in this study I examine institutional effects, as underpinned by institutional theory, on one segment of FDI decision making, cross-border acquisitions behavior, in an understudied context, Latin American MNEs (i.e., Multilatinas). Linear and mixed regression are used to test hypotheses, by examining a sample of all Multilatina CBAs exacted over a five year period (2007-2011)in targeting host country firms within eight geographic regions. Multilevel study results provide overarching support for hypotheses, that a Multilatina's internationalization into a country and region through cross-border acquisition equity participation is influenced by both country and region institutional environments. Contributions are made to the semiglobalization, cross-border acquisitions, institutions, and Multilatina literature streams through development of a more robust, multilevel perspective which more accurately captures how MNEs consider institutional environments in their international strategy and conduct.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Lucia Moura Novais.pdf: 1994366 bytes, checksum: 707c3919d6da09df41fa9a012905ad62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research work adopts as reference the article by Brouthers awarded as the best of the decade by Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS). One of the aspects to be outlined in such text is the way Brouthers articulate a debate on institutional, cultural and transaction costs on entry mode choice by firms aiming the best performance in market. This thesis aims to investigate the actual research art involving the relationship among institutional, cultural and transaction costs aspects in international business. The discussion proposed here is justified as relevant in both academic and business environments, due to the way different authors have approached transaction costs subjects along the time. As methodological procedures, the articles were obtained in electronic databases, such as, ISI Web of Science and UMI-ProQuest. The key words were transaction cost , entry mode , cultural aspects , institutional . The selected articles were published in the period from 2002 to 2012. Articles structured in meta-analysis procedures were also selected in the referred database. All selected articles are quantitative approach, since it is an essential condition to adopt in the future meta-analytical procedures / Esta pesquisa tem por referência o artigo de Brouthers que recebeu em 2012 o prêmio de melhor da década pelo periódico Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS). Um dos motivos que chama a atenção neste texto premiado de Brouthers é a articulação de influências institucionais, culturais e de custos de transação no processo de escolha do modo de entrada e meios para obter o melhor desempenho das empresas. Estabelece-se como objetivo geral desta dissertação investigar o estado atual da pesquisa acadêmica envolvendo a relação entre aspectos institucionais, culturais e custos de transação no modo de entrada em negócios internacionais. Como justificativa para a relevância da discussão do tema em meios acadêmicos e empresariais, pode-se destacar a ênfase que diferentes autores têm atribuído à teoria de custos de transação no decorrer do tempo. Como procedimento metodológico, obteve-se a seleção de artigos pela consulta às bases eletrônicas do ISI Web of Science e UMI-ProQuest. Escolheram-se as palavras-chave em inglês transaction cost , entry mode , cultural aspects , institutional . Optou-se por artigos publicados no período de 2002 a 2012. A partir daí, selecionaram-se alguns artigos já estruturados na metodologia de meta-análise com temas relacionados à teoria de custos de transação. Procedimento semelhante foi adotado com os demais artigos, com o intuito de averiguar como são analisados aspectos institucionais, culturais e/ou de custos de transação na escolha do modo de entrada em negócios internacionais. Os estudos selecionados constituem abordagens quantitativas sobre os assuntos propostos, condição essencial para se adotar futuramente a metodologia de meta-análise