Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:36:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_3749_.pdf: 3354957 bytes, checksum: 5031b639a212ea34971b41b49bae46bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-26 / O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um método que produza estimativas e cartas de aptidão climáticas dos elementos do balanço hídrico para a elaboração de um zoneamento edafoclimático para a cultura da seringueira no Estado do Espírito Santo. Foram utilizados dados de 110 estações pluviométricas com período de medição entre os anos de 1977 a 2006. As temperaturas mensais foram espacializadas utilizando-se as equações desenvolvidas por Castro (2008) e dados do modelo digital de elevação GTOPO30. A espacialização da precipitação mensal se procedeu a partir da prévia seleção dos interpoladores espaciais de maior capacidade preditiva por meio da validação cruzada. Mediante os dados de temperatura e precipitação mensal, foi realizado o balanço hídrico de forma pontual para todos os 110 postos meteorológicos. As variáveis do balanço hídrico foram espacializadas a partir da seleção de interpoladores espaciais de maior capacidade preditiva por meio da validação cruzada. Foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de espacialização das variáveis do balanço hídrico, tendo como parâmetros de entrada mapas de temperatura mensal, precipitação mensal e solos com CADs de 90, 210 e 300 mm. O desempenho dos interpoladores espaciais e da metodologia de espacialização das variáveis do balanço hídrico, foi realizada com as 14 estações observadas, possibilitando assim uma comparação entre métodos de espacialização. Baseado nos mapas temáticos de temperatura média anual, temperatura do mês mais frio, deficiência hídrica (obtidos no melhor método de espacialização) e mapa de solos foi feito uma reclassificação de acordo com as exigências climáticas da espécie e em seguida a sobreposição dessas informações, obtendo assim um mapa de zoneamento edafoclimático para a cultura da seringueira. Os resultados mostraram que o interpolador krigagem foi o mais eficientes para a espacialização das precipitações mensais. A metodologia de espacialização proposta apresentou melhores índices estatísticos para as variáveis do balanço hídrico quando comparado com os métodos tradicionais de interpolação, sendo essa metodologia utilizada para a geração do mapa de deficiência hídrica no zoneamento. Maior parte do estado apresenta restrição térmica ao cultivo da seringueira, com condições favoráveis a esporulação do fungo Microcylus ulei.

Depletion forces were used to separate an equinumber density binary dispersion of 1.5 and 0.82 µm polystyrene sulfate (PS) particles. Experiments consisted of injecting a pulse of a binary dispersion of PS particles into the inlet of a packed bed of 0.5 mm silica collector beads. Prior to injection, a carrier fluid of either KCl and KOH electrolyte or a silica nanoparticle dispersion was flowing through the column at steady state. When the carrier fluid was a dispersion of silica nanoparticles, the ratio of PS particles in the column outlet would change from 1:1 big to small particles to slightly over 2:1. This implies that more of the smaller 0.82 µm particles were being trapped on the surface of the collector beads due to depletion forces. Experiments with a single particle type (either 1.5 or 0.82 µm PS particle) were also done and correlated with the binary dispersion measurements. Potential energy profiles between a PS particle and a flat silica plate were calculated. The secondary energy barrier for the 1.5 µm particles was two times greater than for the 0.82 µm particles. Hence, the 0.82 µm particles were more likely to overcome the energy barrier and get trapped on the surface of the collector beads. Although the potential energy profiles were calculated at equilibrium, they can be used as a tool in finding the optimal conditions for separation. / Master of Science

In-Band Network Telemetry (INT) is a new technique in the area of Software-defined networking (SDN) for monitoring SDN enabled networks. INT monitoring provides fine-grained INT data with less load on the control plane since monitoring is done directly at the data plane. The collected INT data is added as packet headers "In-band" at each INT device along the flow path. The INT data is later composed into telemetry packets which are sent to a collector that is responsible for processing the INT data. The collector of the INT data needs to have good performance since there is a large amount of data that has to be processed quickly. INTCollector, a high performance collector of INT data, is a response to this challenge. The performance of INTCollector is optimized by implementing critical parts in eXpress Data Path (XDP), enabling fast packet processing. INTCollector is, moreover, able to reduce processing of INT data and the need for storage space since it employs a strategy where only important INT data is collected, decided by an internal event detection mechanism.The event detection mechanism in INTCollector can however be offloaded to the INT device itself, with possible perfomance benefits for the collector. Programming Protocol-Independent Packet Processors (P4) opens up this possibility by providing a language for programming network devices. This thesis presents an implementation of INT in P4 with offloaded event detection. We use a programmable P4 testbed to perform an experimental evaluation, which reveal that offloading does indeed benefit INTCollector in terms of performance. Offloading also comes with the advantage of  allowing parameters of the event detection logic at the data plane to be accessible to the control plane.

This paper analyzes the effects of legal uncertainty around corporate income taxation on foreign direct investment (FDI). Legal uncertainty can take many forms: double tax agreements, different types of legal systems and corruption. We test the effect of legal uncertainty on foreign direct investment with an international panel. We find that an increase in the ratio of the statutory corporate income tax rate of the destination relative to the source country exhibits a negative impact on foreign direct investment. Interacting the statutory corporate income tax rate with measures of legal uncertainty, we observe a negative effect. / Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series

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Résumé : La thèse s’intéresse aux sanctions prises par des exécutifs internationaux et qui ont pour cibles des personnes physiques ou morales : gels et confiscations d’avoirs, interdictions de voyager, amendes et même inscriptions sur des listes à caractère infâmant. La licéité de ces sanctions est examinée à l’aune des règles du droit international qui leur sont applicables : d’une part, les règles de procédure et, de l’autre, le droit international des droits de l’homme. L’analyse permet d’identifier deux types de sanctions illicites : 1°) Le premier type comprend les sanctions qui sont pénales et qui, par ailleurs, répriment de graves infractions. Ces sanctions devraient être imposées par des juges et non par des organes politiques ce que sont les exécutifs internationaux qui les infligent. 2°) Le second type de sanctions illicites regroupent les sanctions dépourvues de recours au sens du droit international des droits de l’homme. Les personnes affectées par ces sanctions devraient pouvoir en contester le bien-fondé devant un organe indépendant et impartial. Il n’existe, par ailleurs, aucune circonstance de nature à exclure l’illicéité de l’un ou l’autre de ces deux types de sanctions. Ces sanctions, dès lors, n’ont aucun caractère contraignant. Qui plus est, les Etats se trouvent mis dans l’obligation de ne pas y donner suite. Les sanctions qui n’appartiennent à aucun de ces deux types sont, en principe, licites. Abstract : The thesis concerns the sanctions taken by international executives and which targets individuals and legal entities: freeze and confiscation of assets, ban on travels, fine and even inscription on dishonourable lists. The legality of the sanctions is checked in relation to the international rules which are applicable to the sanctions: firstly, rules of procedure and, secondly, human rights. This work concludes to the existence of two types of wrongful sanctions: 1°) the first type groups together the sanctions which are penal and, moreover, punish serious offenses. These sanctions should be decided by judges and not by political organs like international executives. 2°) the second type of wrongful sanctions contains those without recourse complying with human rights. The persons targeted by these sanctions should be able to contest them before an independent and impartial organ. In addition, there are no circumstances precluding wrongfulness of these two types of sanctions. So, these sanctions are not binding and the States are under obligation not to apply them. The other sanctions which do not belong to one of these two types of sanctions are, in theory, legal.

Mise en contexte : L'int??gration des services est l'une des solutions envisag??es pour adapter les services de sant?? face au vieillissement de la population. Cependant, elle exige la continuit?? dans l???offre des services requis. La pr??sente ??tude vise ?? identifier les configurations du r??seau de professionnels autour des personnes ??g??es lors de l'implantation du mod??le d???int??gration exp??riment?? en Estrie, puis ?? les comparer ?? celles identifi??es dans un territoire non expos?? au r??seau de services int??gr??s (RSI). M??thodologie : Les donn??es de cette recherche proviennent des personnes ??g??es, participantes au Programme de Recherche sur l???Int??gration des Services pour le Maintien de l???Autonomie (PRISMA). ?? partir des liens per??us reliant diff??rents professionnels, nous avons calcul?? via l???analyse des r??seaux, la densit?? (proportion des interactions entre les intervenants) et le degr?? de centralisation (dispersion entre le nombre des liens autour de chaque intervenant) du r??seau des professionnels impliqu??s aupr??s de chacune des personnes ??g??es. Les 1275 patients devaient d??clarer s???ils avaient identifi?? un intervenant principal ?? contacter, en cas de probl??mes de sant?? ou au besoin des services ?? domicile. En outre, le nombre d???intervenants rencontr??s, le nombre des visites par an, le milieu de vie des participants et leur pr??sence au moins une journ??e en gestion de cas au cours d???une p??riode de deux ans, ont ??t?? utilis??s pour d??crire et classifier les configurations. ?? cet effet, diff??rentes m??thodes de classification automatis??e ont ??t?? utilis??es. La m??thode de Ward a ??t?? retenue, avec le coefficient de Gower comme mesure de similarit??. R??sultats : La classification distingue neuf configurations qui selon les fondements d???un RSI se rassemblent en deux cat??gories. Dans la premi??re cat??gorie, on observe cinq configurations jug??es bonnes, puisqu???elles incluent minimalement un intervenant principal constant en tout temps. Dans l???autre, on d??nombre quatre configurations consid??r??es moins bonnes, car aucun intervenant principal n???y est identifi??, ou lorsque pr??sent, il est inconstant d???une ann??e ?? l???autre. Dans une configuration, on note d???ailleurs une utilisation accrue des services d???urgence et d???hospitalisation. Les bonnes configurations sont autant identifi??es en territoire expos?? que non expos?? au RSI. Par contre, sauf pour une configuration, les moins bonnes sont davantage observ??es en territoire non expos?? ?? l???int??gration des services (p<0,001). Le m??decin identifi?? comme intervenant principal est moins consult?? dans le territoire expos?? au RSI, o?? une tendance se d??gage en termes de plus de pr??sence des professionnels autres que le m??decin. Conclusion : Cette ??tude est la premi??re ?? d??crire, ?? identifier, ?? classifier et ?? comparer les configurations du r??seau des professionnels impliqu??s ou non dans l???int??gration des services. Il s???agit d???une contribution importante ?? la compr??hension du fonctionnement des r??seaux de services int??gr??s.

Summary Natural phytochemicals are currently used in the treatment of many diseases. Cancers are just ones of them and they are ranked among the most common and the most serious. Phytochemicals in the form of cytostatics are used in chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. In future there could be included among cytostatics also some alkaloids from the family of Amaryllidaceae, whose testing for a selective cytostatic effect on tumor cell lines of colorectal carcinoma Caco-2 and HT-29 and on normal cell lines of human intestinal epithelial FHs 74 Int is a subject of this thesis. There were tested 17 alkaloids isolated from plants of Chlidanthusfragrans, Zephyranthes robusta and Nerine bowdenii. Particularly alkaloids from plant Zephyranthes robusta namely haemanthamine with this values: IC50 = 0.99 plus/minus 0.14 microM for tumor cells, Caco-2, 0.59 plus/minus 0.01 microM for tumor cells HT-29 and 19.47 plus/minus 8.86 microM for normal cells FHs 74 Int, Lycorine with values IC50 = 0.99 plus/minus 0.08 microM for tumor cells Caco-2, 1.2 plus/minus 0.01 microM for tumor cells HT-29 and 22.68 plus/minus 0.09 microM for normal cells FHs 74 Int and Haemanthidin with values IC50 = 3.29 plus/minus 0.91 microM to tumor cells Caco-2, 1.72 plus/minus 0.11 microM to tumor cells HT-29, and 11.63 plus/minus 0.86 microM for normal cells FHs 74 Int proved a significant anti-proliferative activity. From these results there is evident the selectivity against colorectal cancer cell lines. For this reason, those tested alkaloids are suitable for further testing and for study of their biological activity against tumor cells in the terms of in vitro and in vivo.

Access to news supports the development of democratic societies. News can promote sustainable community development and encourage healthy social, political, and economic engagement. Mobile news services (MNSs) are one means to reach out to citizens to share news and provide citizens with a forum to review and voice their opinion. However, the extant of research related to technology adoption of MNSs is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a framework which articulates factors influencing the adoption of MNSs particularly by the citizens of South Africa. A review of the literature on MNSs and technology adoption helped to identify potential factors that could influence adoption. This study considers existing theoretical evidence and provides new empirical evidence, to extend current theoretical understanding. Mixed methods research supported the identification of influencing factors and relationships which support the adoption of MNSs. The resultant MNS adoption model offers new insights into the personal and social factors, attributes of adopters and attributes of MNSs influencing adoption of MNSs. The model included influencing factors such as social concerns, psychological drivers, motivators, trust sensitivities for accessing information, relative advantage and value, observability, usability, portability, immediacy, compatibility, and facilitating conditions. The identified relationships between the individual factors introduced a new perspective to the prior models of technology adoption, by highlighting connections between the social environment, the adopter, and MNSs. A pragmatic approach and statistical analysis of the data validated the relationships, and the model. The decision to adopt was found to be directly affected by sixteen interlinked factors. The findings are important to mobile service providers, designers, and developers, in their endeavour to satisfy their consumer’s needs and desires.

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