Self-affirmation shows promise as a technique for promoting more open-minded responding to health-risk information. However, studies to date have largely ignored a prevalent type of health information: experiential or narrative information. The aims of this research programme were therefore to (1) examine whether self-affirmation would promote more open-minded responding to narrative information and (2) test individual differences in systematic processing as a potential moderator. Chapter 2, Study 1 (N = 52) found that self-affirmation encouraged less derogation and counter-arguing in response to a narrative leaflet detailing the risks of alcohol consumption. Low systematic processors reported consuming significantly less alcohol at follow-up, despite initially reporting lower risk perceptions. In Study 2 (N = 67), self-affirmation produced mixed effects on outcomes. Moderation analyses showed that those low in systematic processing reported lower personal relevance and negative affect following the message, and evidence of less engagement with the narrative (lower reported attention to the narrative and less perspective taking), when self-affirmed. In the study reported in Chapter 3 (N = 142), after viewing a narrative video outlining the risks of alcohol consumption, self-affirmed participants reported consuming significantly less alcohol at follow-up. Self-affirmed participants also engaged in more open-minded responding (e.g., evidence of more message acceptance) to the health information, which was mediated by narrative engagement. Systematic processing did not moderate any effects. In Chapter 4, Study 1 (N = 157) a graphic narrative about the benefits of exercise was no more effective in changing outcomes than a non-narrative version of the same information. In Study 2 (N =71), the few effects of self-affirmation were typically moderated by systematic processing. Chapter 5 (N = 197) examined the impact of self-affirmation on a real health campaign that uses narrative formats to present information: Dry January. Again systematic processing typically moderated the effects of self-affirmation. On balance, the research programme provides some evidence that self-affirmation can promote more open-minded responding to narrative information. However, those low in systematic processing tended to show less persuasion when self-affirmed.

"The Wright Incorporation of Perth 1700 to 1840" documents and examines the Scottish trade incorporation with specific emphasis upon its furniture-making wrights. In the introductory chapter, relevant published sources are cited, and Perth is presented as a Royal Burgh with explanations as to how and why evidence was selected and utilised. Chapter Two examines the Wright Incorporation, its structure and dominant role within the Perth furniture trade. Also, the chapter concludes with a discussion of furniture produced by freemen and strangers of the Incorporation, with particular reference to furniture for Perth's New Town. In Chapter Three, "Case Studies of Selected Perth Wrights", the trades of twelve furniture-making wrights are discussed. Peculiarities of the Wright Incorporation of Perth and the furniture trade which it governed also are addressed. The largest chapter, "A Biographical Dictionary of Perth Wrights and Related Trades", identifies and describes over six hundred wrights who were operating in the Royal Burgh and Perth's immediate suburbs. In conclusion, although a large body of physical evidence of Perth furniture has yet to be documented, what has been located reveals a highly organised and fashionably conscious regional centre of Scottish furniture production, largely controlled by the Wright Incorporation of Perth from 1700 to 1840.

O presente estudo objetivou promover incremento no desenvolvimento do concepto e aumentar a taxa de prenhez de búfalas lactantes por meio da administração de P4 injetável (P4i) três ou seis dias após a IATF. Para tanto, foram conduzidos três experimentos. No Experimento 1, foi aferido o padrão de liberação de P4 por meio da administração de P4i em 8 búfalas ovariectomizadas (delineamento crossover) nas doses 300 ou 600 mg (grupo P300 ou P600, respectivamente). Foram realizadas colheitas de sangue, para posteriores dosagens de P4, nos seguintes períodos: -24, 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192, 216 e 240 h da administração da P4i. No Experimento 2, 24 búfalas receberam a aplicação de 10 µg im de GnRH em dia aleatório do ciclo estral (D0). No D7, os animais receberam 0,53 mg im de PGF2α. Após 48 h (D9), foram administrados 10 µg im de GnRH e, 16 h mais tarde, todas as búfalas foram submetidas à IATF (D10). No D13, os animais foram avaliados por ultrassonografia e as fêmeas com ovulação positiva foram distribuídas em 3 grupos: Controle (C; n=8); P4D13 (n=8), que receberam 300mg de P4i no D13 e P4D16 (n=8), que receberam 300 mg de P4i no D16. No D26, as búfalas foram abatidas e os genitais removidos para a realização das seguintes avaliações: diâmetro (DCLa) e peso (PCL) do CL, presença de conceptos íntegros (pCI), íntegros e fragmentados (pCT) e comprimento do concepto (CC). Os CLs e endométrios foram seccionados, fixados e corados para aferir o percentual de células luteínicas pequenas e grandes (SLC e LLC) e o número (GEn), a área (AGEn) e o perímetro (PGEn) das glândulas do endométrio. No Experimento 3, 337 búfalas foram submetidas ao protocolo Ovsynch e, assim como no Experimento 2, as fêmeas ovuladas foram distribuídas em 3 grupos (C, n=81; P4D13, n=84 e P4D16, n=85). Foram avaliadas a funcionalidade (fluxo sanguíneo central FSC; e periférico FSP; escore de 0 a 4, em que 0 corresponde à ausência de fluxo e 4 o máximo fluxo) e o diâmetro do CL (DCL) nos D17, D21 e D25 por meio de ultrassonografia em modo color Doppler. Além disso, foram avaliadas por ultrassonografia as taxas de concepção aos 30 (DG30) e 60 (DG60) dias após a IATF e as perdas gestacionais (PG). Os dados foram analisados utilizando o procedimento GLIMMIX do SAS 9.3. Diferenças com P≤0,05 foram consideradas significativas e aquelas com 0,05<P≤0,10 foram consideradas tendência. As concentrações de P4 foram maiores no P600 em relação ao P300 em todos os pontos das colheitas de sangue (Ptrat<0,01, Ptempo=0,04, Ptrat*tempo=0,18). Verificou-se que as concentrações de P4 permaneceram acima de 1 ng/mL por aproximadamente 3 dias (entre as horas 6 e 72) no grupo P300, o que foi utilizado como critério para a dose de P4i utilizada nos Experimentos 2 e 3. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos para as variáveis avaliadas no Experimento 2: DCLa (P=0,39), PCL (P=0,13), pCI (P=0,85), pCT (P=0,41), CC (P=0,19), SLC (P=0,31), LLC (P=0,31), GEn (P=0,28), AGEn (P=0,72) e PGEn (P=0,91). No Experimento 3, houve interação tratamento*tempo (Ptrat*tempo) para as variáveis FSC (P<0,01), FSP (P<0,01) e DCL (P=0,07). Verificou-se redução do fluxo sanguíneo central e periférico e do diâmetro do CL no P4D13 em relação aos grupos C e P4D16 conforme os momentos de avaliação. Não houve diferença entre os grupos C, P4D13 e P4D16 para o DG30 (56,8 vs. 46,4 vs. 61,2 %; P=0,13) e para a PG (0,0 vs. 10,3 vs. 5,8 %; P=0,73). No entanto, houve menor taxa de concepção no DG60 para o P4D13 em comparação aos C e P4D16 (41,7b vs. 56,8a vs. 57,7a %; P=0,07). Conclui-se que o tratamento com 300 mg de P4i administrados três ou seis dias após a IATF não foi eficiente para aumentar o comprimento do concepto e a taxa de prenhez de búfalas lactantes submetidas à IATF. Ainda, o tratamento com P4i três dias após a IATF reduziu o fluxo sanguíneo central e periférico do CL, o diâmetro do CL e a taxa de prenhez. / The present study aimed to promote improvements on the conceptus development and to increase the pregnancy rate in lactating buffaloes through the administration of injectable P4 (P4i) three or six days after TAI. For this, three experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, was measured the pattern of P4 release by the P4i administration in 8 ovariectomized buffaloes (crossover design) at doses 300 or 600 mg (P300 or P600 group, respectively). Blood samples were collected for subsequent P4 dosages in the following periods: -24, 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192, 216 and 240 h of P4i administration. In Experiment 2, 24 buffaloes received the application of 10 µg im GnRH at random day of the estrous cycle (D0). On D7, the animals received 0.53 mg im PGF2α. After 48 h (D9), were administered 10 µg im GnRH and, 16 h later, all buffaloes underwent TAI (D10). In D13, the animals were evaluated by ultrasonography and females with positive ovulation were allocated to one of three groups: Control (C, n=8); P4D13 (n=8) that received 300 mg P4i on D13 and P4D16 (n=8), that received 300 mg P4i on D16. On D26, buffaloes were slaughtered and genitals removed to perform the following assessments: CL diameter (CLDs) and CL weight (CLW), presence of integrate conceptus (pIC), integrate and fragmented (pCT) and the conceptus length (CLe). The CLs and endometrium were sectioned, fixed and stained to assess the percentage of small and large lutein cells (SLC and LLC) and the number (GEn), the area (AGEn) and the perimeter (PGEn) of endometrial glands. In Experiment 3, 337 buffaloes were submitted to the Ovsynch protocol and, as well as in Experiment 2, the ovulated females were divided to one of three groups (C, n=81; P4D13, n=84 and P4D16, n=85). The functionality (central blood flow - CBF, and peripheral blood flow - PBF; score from 0 to 4, where 0 corresponds to absence of flow and 4 the maximum flow) and the CL diameter (CLD) were evaluated on D17, D21 and D25 by ultrasonography in color Doppler mode. Furthermore, the conception rates at 30 (CR30) and 60 (CR60) days after TAI, and pregnancy loss (PL) were evaluated by ultrasonography. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.3. Differences were considered significant with P≤0.05 and those with 0.05<P≤0.10 were considered tendencies. The P4 concentrations were higher in the P600 compared to P300 in all points of blood sampling (Ptreat<0.01, Ptime=0.04, Ptreat*time=0.18). It was found that the P4 concentrations remained above 1.0 ng/ml for approximately 3 days (between hours 6 and 72) in the P300 group, which was used as standard for P4i dose used in Experiments 2 and 3. There were no differences between the groups for the variables evaluated in Experiment 2: CLDs (P=0.39), CLW (P=0.13), pCI (P=0.85), pCT (P=0.41), CoLe (P=0.19), SLC (P=0.31), LLC (P=0.31), GEn (P=0.28), AGEn (P=0.72) and PGEn (P=0.91). In Experiment 3, there was interaction treatment*time (Ptreat*time) for the CBF (P<0.01), PBF (P<0.01) and CLD (P=0.07). There was a reduction of the central blood flow, peripheral blood flow and CL diameter for P4D13 compared to C and P4D16 groups according to the evaluation moments. There was no difference between C, P4D13 and P4D16 groups for the CR30 (56.8 vs. 46.4 vs. 61.2 %; P=0.13) and for the PL (0.0 vs. 10.3 vs. 5.8 %; P=0.73). However, there was lower conception rate in CR60 for P4D13 compared to C and P4D16 (41.7b vs. 56.8a vs. 57.7a %; P=0.07). It was concluded that treatment with 300 mg P4i administered three or six days after TAI was not efficient to increase the conceptus length and the pregnancy rate in lactating buffaloes submitted to TAI. Furthermore, the treatment with P4i three days after TAI reduced the central and the peripheral CL blood flow, the CL diameter and the pregnancy rate.

O presente estudo objetivou promover incremento no desenvolvimento do concepto e aumentar a taxa de prenhez de búfalas lactantes por meio da administração de P4 injetável (P4i) três ou seis dias após a IATF. Para tanto, foram conduzidos três experimentos. No Experimento 1, foi aferido o padrão de liberação de P4 por meio da administração de P4i em 8 búfalas ovariectomizadas (delineamento crossover) nas doses 300 ou 600 mg (grupo P300 ou P600, respectivamente). Foram realizadas colheitas de sangue, para posteriores dosagens de P4, nos seguintes períodos: -24, 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192, 216 e 240 h da administração da P4i. No Experimento 2, 24 búfalas receberam a aplicação de 10 µg im de GnRH em dia aleatório do ciclo estral (D0). No D7, os animais receberam 0,53 mg im de PGF2α. Após 48 h (D9), foram administrados 10 µg im de GnRH e, 16 h mais tarde, todas as búfalas foram submetidas à IATF (D10). No D13, os animais foram avaliados por ultrassonografia e as fêmeas com ovulação positiva foram distribuídas em 3 grupos: Controle (C; n=8); P4D13 (n=8), que receberam 300mg de P4i no D13 e P4D16 (n=8), que receberam 300 mg de P4i no D16. No D26, as búfalas foram abatidas e os genitais removidos para a realização das seguintes avaliações: diâmetro (DCLa) e peso (PCL) do CL, presença de conceptos íntegros (pCI), íntegros e fragmentados (pCT) e comprimento do concepto (CC). Os CLs e endométrios foram seccionados, fixados e corados para aferir o percentual de células luteínicas pequenas e grandes (SLC e LLC) e o número (GEn), a área (AGEn) e o perímetro (PGEn) das glândulas do endométrio. No Experimento 3, 337 búfalas foram submetidas ao protocolo Ovsynch e, assim como no Experimento 2, as fêmeas ovuladas foram distribuídas em 3 grupos (C, n=81; P4D13, n=84 e P4D16, n=85). Foram avaliadas a funcionalidade (fluxo sanguíneo central FSC; e periférico FSP; escore de 0 a 4, em que 0 corresponde à ausência de fluxo e 4 o máximo fluxo) e o diâmetro do CL (DCL) nos D17, D21 e D25 por meio de ultrassonografia em modo color Doppler. Além disso, foram avaliadas por ultrassonografia as taxas de concepção aos 30 (DG30) e 60 (DG60) dias após a IATF e as perdas gestacionais (PG). Os dados foram analisados utilizando o procedimento GLIMMIX do SAS 9.3. Diferenças com P≤0,05 foram consideradas significativas e aquelas com 0,05<P≤0,10 foram consideradas tendência. As concentrações de P4 foram maiores no P600 em relação ao P300 em todos os pontos das colheitas de sangue (Ptrat<0,01, Ptempo=0,04, Ptrat*tempo=0,18). Verificou-se que as concentrações de P4 permaneceram acima de 1 ng/mL por aproximadamente 3 dias (entre as horas 6 e 72) no grupo P300, o que foi utilizado como critério para a dose de P4i utilizada nos Experimentos 2 e 3. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos para as variáveis avaliadas no Experimento 2: DCLa (P=0,39), PCL (P=0,13), pCI (P=0,85), pCT (P=0,41), CC (P=0,19), SLC (P=0,31), LLC (P=0,31), GEn (P=0,28), AGEn (P=0,72) e PGEn (P=0,91). No Experimento 3, houve interação tratamento*tempo (Ptrat*tempo) para as variáveis FSC (P<0,01), FSP (P<0,01) e DCL (P=0,07). Verificou-se redução do fluxo sanguíneo central e periférico e do diâmetro do CL no P4D13 em relação aos grupos C e P4D16 conforme os momentos de avaliação. Não houve diferença entre os grupos C, P4D13 e P4D16 para o DG30 (56,8 vs. 46,4 vs. 61,2 %; P=0,13) e para a PG (0,0 vs. 10,3 vs. 5,8 %; P=0,73). No entanto, houve menor taxa de concepção no DG60 para o P4D13 em comparação aos C e P4D16 (41,7b vs. 56,8a vs. 57,7a %; P=0,07). Conclui-se que o tratamento com 300 mg de P4i administrados três ou seis dias após a IATF não foi eficiente para aumentar o comprimento do concepto e a taxa de prenhez de búfalas lactantes submetidas à IATF. Ainda, o tratamento com P4i três dias após a IATF reduziu o fluxo sanguíneo central e periférico do CL, o diâmetro do CL e a taxa de prenhez. / The present study aimed to promote improvements on the conceptus development and to increase the pregnancy rate in lactating buffaloes through the administration of injectable P4 (P4i) three or six days after TAI. For this, three experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, was measured the pattern of P4 release by the P4i administration in 8 ovariectomized buffaloes (crossover design) at doses 300 or 600 mg (P300 or P600 group, respectively). Blood samples were collected for subsequent P4 dosages in the following periods: -24, 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192, 216 and 240 h of P4i administration. In Experiment 2, 24 buffaloes received the application of 10 µg im GnRH at random day of the estrous cycle (D0). On D7, the animals received 0.53 mg im PGF2α. After 48 h (D9), were administered 10 µg im GnRH and, 16 h later, all buffaloes underwent TAI (D10). In D13, the animals were evaluated by ultrasonography and females with positive ovulation were allocated to one of three groups: Control (C, n=8); P4D13 (n=8) that received 300 mg P4i on D13 and P4D16 (n=8), that received 300 mg P4i on D16. On D26, buffaloes were slaughtered and genitals removed to perform the following assessments: CL diameter (CLDs) and CL weight (CLW), presence of integrate conceptus (pIC), integrate and fragmented (pCT) and the conceptus length (CLe). The CLs and endometrium were sectioned, fixed and stained to assess the percentage of small and large lutein cells (SLC and LLC) and the number (GEn), the area (AGEn) and the perimeter (PGEn) of endometrial glands. In Experiment 3, 337 buffaloes were submitted to the Ovsynch protocol and, as well as in Experiment 2, the ovulated females were divided to one of three groups (C, n=81; P4D13, n=84 and P4D16, n=85). The functionality (central blood flow - CBF, and peripheral blood flow - PBF; score from 0 to 4, where 0 corresponds to absence of flow and 4 the maximum flow) and the CL diameter (CLD) were evaluated on D17, D21 and D25 by ultrasonography in color Doppler mode. Furthermore, the conception rates at 30 (CR30) and 60 (CR60) days after TAI, and pregnancy loss (PL) were evaluated by ultrasonography. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.3. Differences were considered significant with P≤0.05 and those with 0.05<P≤0.10 were considered tendencies. The P4 concentrations were higher in the P600 compared to P300 in all points of blood sampling (Ptreat<0.01, Ptime=0.04, Ptreat*time=0.18). It was found that the P4 concentrations remained above 1.0 ng/ml for approximately 3 days (between hours 6 and 72) in the P300 group, which was used as standard for P4i dose used in Experiments 2 and 3. There were no differences between the groups for the variables evaluated in Experiment 2: CLDs (P=0.39), CLW (P=0.13), pCI (P=0.85), pCT (P=0.41), CoLe (P=0.19), SLC (P=0.31), LLC (P=0.31), GEn (P=0.28), AGEn (P=0.72) and PGEn (P=0.91). In Experiment 3, there was interaction treatment*time (Ptreat*time) for the CBF (P<0.01), PBF (P<0.01) and CLD (P=0.07). There was a reduction of the central blood flow, peripheral blood flow and CL diameter for P4D13 compared to C and P4D16 groups according to the evaluation moments. There was no difference between C, P4D13 and P4D16 groups for the CR30 (56.8 vs. 46.4 vs. 61.2 %; P=0.13) and for the PL (0.0 vs. 10.3 vs. 5.8 %; P=0.73). However, there was lower conception rate in CR60 for P4D13 compared to C and P4D16 (41.7b vs. 56.8a vs. 57.7a %; P=0.07). It was concluded that treatment with 300 mg P4i administered three or six days after TAI was not efficient to increase the conceptus length and the pregnancy rate in lactating buffaloes submitted to TAI. Furthermore, the treatment with P4i three days after TAI reduced the central and the peripheral CL blood flow, the CL diameter and the pregnancy rate.

This diploma thesis deals with the problem of high-speed communication security which leads to the usage of hardware accelerators, in this case high-speed FPGA NICs. Work with simplification of development of FPGA hardware accelerator applications using the P4 to VHDL compiler. Describes extension of compiler of cryptographic external objects support. Teoretical introduction of the thesis explains basics of P4 language and used technologies. Describes mapping of external objects to P4 pipeline and therefore to FPGA chip. Subsequently deals with cryptographic external object, compatible wrapper implementation and verification of design. Last part describes implementation and compiler extension, cryptographic external object support and summarizes reached goals.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of City Planning, 1961. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 55). / by Richard Arvid Peterson. / M.C.P.

The Devonian rocks considered here, outcrop over a distance of 100 kms., along the northern side of a strip of water, known as the Trondheimsled, near Trondheim, Norway. Since time did not permit complete examination, two areas were selected for detailed study: 1) the western end of the outcrop on the large island of Hitra, where fossils suggesting an Upper Silurian or Downtonian age had been found; and 2) the outcrops on the island complex south of the neighbouring island of Smola. The precise age of these beds was unknown. An attempt was made to establish the stratigraphy of both areas, and to deduce the environment of deposition, the nature of the source area, and the direction of derivation of the sediments. Hitra. The succession (1055 m. thick) has been divided into a number of stratigraphical units on the basis of lithology. Much of it is made up of thick sandstones, often pebbly or conglomeratic, and alternating sandstone/siltstone sequences. Study of the sedimentary structures and size distributions of these sequences suggests that the cycles have been produced in an inshore estuarine environment, as a result of the lateral migration of channels. The petrography of the sandstones and conglomerates shown thot the sediments were derived from a source area composed mainly of plutonic rocks, while current direction analysis shows derivation from the northwest. Smola: The Smola Series, composed of 3745 m. of conglomerate, has been divided petrographically into four units. The oldest conglomerate lies unconformably on the beds below and is made up of large boulders of locally derived material. The younger conglomerates are composed of abundant pebbles of green sandstone (possibly the Ordovician Hovin Sandstone), and various igneous and metamorphic PEBBLES which are difficult to match with rocks now exposed in Norway. The sediments wore derived from the north and were probably deposited in a piedmont environment. Relative age of the Hitra and Smola series Consideration of the stratigraphical, petrographical, and sedimentological evidence shows that the Hitra sediments are older than those Smola. A reconsideration of the paleontological evidence suggests that the Hitra beds could be of Upper Welockian or early Ludlovian age, while the Smola beds are probably Lower or Middle Devonian.

The aim with this study is to investigate how Swedish public service local radio uses information subsides in the form of press releases. In terms of which entrants gain entrance to the news feed, in which forms and in which subjects. Also we wanted to study how the journalist uses the content in the press releases. To do this we cooperated with the public service radio channel Sveriges radio P4 Kalmar. For 28 days, four weeks, we collected all incoming press releases to the newsroom of P4 Kalmar. All in all we got 1046 press releases sorted in four weekly periods. Out of each one of those periods we randomly selected 75 press releases to get our sample of units. We did a quantitative analysis by finding keywords in the units and then searched in the news rooms own editorial database and their news web. The result show that P4 Kalmar uses 7,3 percent of the press realeases that they are subsidised with. The press releases that becomes news are rarely changed in terms of for example angle.

Computer networks are engineered for performance and flexibility, delivering billions of packets per second with high reliability, until they fail. It is during such time of crisis that debugging and troubleshooting come to the forefront, however, the focus on performance results in design tradeoffs that make it challenging to troubleshoot them. This dissertation hypothesizes that a view of the network as a single entity solves the above problems, without compromising either performance or visibility. The primary contributions are 1) a topology oblivious network abstraction for performance monitoring and troubleshooting, 2) transformation of the network abstract query to device local semantics, 3) optimizations for reducing state collection overhead, and 4) global state semantics in the proposed query language easing expression of network queries. Abstracting the entire system as an entity simplifies the debugging process, making possible comprehensive root-cause analysis and exonerating the network administrator from dealing with many devices, delivering gains in productivity and efficiency. By merging network topology information with state collection, this thesis provides a new way to look at the network monitoring and troubleshooting problem. Such an amalgamation allows the translation of a performance query expressed in a domain specific language to small pieces of code operating on different devices in the network collecting necessary state. This merging results in lesser overhead per switch and reduces the strain on devices and provides a simple abstraction to the administrator. / PHD

Submitted by Marcos Anselmo (marcos.anselmo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-09-28T18:34:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ISAC JUNIOR ROMAN.pdf: 521227 bytes, checksum: 9238f75b32c295aa6bca8f1375911aa7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcos Anselmo (marcos.anselmo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-09-28T18:35:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ISAC JUNIOR ROMAN.pdf: 521227 bytes, checksum: 9238f75b32c295aa6bca8f1375911aa7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-28T18:35:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ISAC JUNIOR ROMAN.pdf: 521227 bytes, checksum: 9238f75b32c295aa6bca8f1375911aa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-23 / A alta taxa de animais em anestro compromete a capacidade reprodutiva dos animais. A inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) permite que animais acíclicos sejam expostos a IA resultando no aumento da taxa de serviço e prenhez. Apesar de os protocolos de sincronização da ovulação já serem considerados estabelecidos, ajustes ainda podem ser realizados para, grupos genéticos específicos, assim como para otimizar os resultados, minimizar os custos e permitir flexibilidade nos manejos. Neste sentido, avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes doses de gonadotrofina coriônica equina (300 ou 400UI de eCG) em protocolos de IATF com 8 ou 9 dias de permanência do dispositivo de progesterona (P4) sobre a taxa de ocorrência de estro, taxa de prenhez e crescimento folicular em vacas de corte Bos taurus lactantes. Foram utilizadas 1171 vacas com escore de condição corporal de 2,80±0,04 (Escala de 1 a 5; 1-magra a 5-obesa), oriundas de seis fazendas comerciais localizadas em três regiões distintas do estado do RS e mantidas à pasto. Ao início do protocolo as vacas foram distribuídas em dois tratamentos, homogeneamente quanto a taxa de ciclicidade e escore de condição corporal (ECC): D9 (D0, n=591) ou D8 (D1, n=580), conforme a permanência do dispositivo de progesterona (9 ou 8 dias respectivamente: P4, CIDR®, Zoetis) associado à 2mg de benzoato de estradiol (IM; Gonadiol®, Zoetis). No dia 9, o CIDR foi removido e administrado 12,5 mg de dinoprost trometamina IM (Lutalyse®, Zoetis) e 1mg de cipionato de estradiol IM (E.C.P.®, Zoetis). Neste momento, as vacas foram novamente distribuídas em dois tratamentos: 300 UI (n=605) ou 400 UI (n=566) de eCG (Novormon®, Zoetis), formando 4 tratamentos D8300UI (n=303), D8400UI (n=277), D9300UI (n=302) e D9400UI (n=289). A IATF foi realizada 48 horas após a remoção da P4 utilizando sêmen congelado de 24 touros. Duas doses de sêmen de cada partida foram avaliadas e somente partidas com motilidade progressiva mínima de 30% após descongelação foram usadas (CBRA, 2013). As fêmeas tiveram a base da cauda pintada com bastão de cera (Raidl-Maxi, RaidexGmbH, Dettingen/Erms, Germany) no momento da retirada do dispositivo de P4, sendo as fêmeas que não apresentavam tinta no momento da IATF consideradas em cio. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo PROC GLIMMIX do SAS®. O tempo de permanência afetou a taxa de ocorrência de estro, diâmetro do FD no momento da retirada do dispositivo de P4, diâmetro do FD no momento da IATF, [(P= 0,02); (P < 0,0001); (P < 0,0001)], respectivamente, sendo inferior nos grupos com permanência de 8 dias quando comparado à permanência de nove dias. A taxa de prenhez e a taxa de crescimento folicular não foram afetadas pela permanência (P= 0,62 e P= 0,96), respectivamente. A ocorrência de estro e prenhez da IATF (P/IA) dos grupos D8300UI, D8400UI, D9300UI e D9400UI foram respectivamente (60,4%/40,3%; 66,8%/45.8%; 70,8%/45,0%; 68,8%/ 42,2%; P= 0,01/0,01, P= 0,0001/0,33, P= <0,0001/0,26, P= <0,0001/0,08), sendo a taxa de estro inferior no grupo D8300UI. A taxa de ocorrência de estro, P/IA, diâmetro do FD no momento da retirada do dispositivo de P4, diâmetro do FD no momento da IATF e a taxa de crescimento do FD, não foram afetadas pela dose de eCG [(P= 0,77); (P= 0,50); (P= 0,65); (P= 0,44); (P= 0,17)]. Para estas mesmas variáveis não foi verificado interação entre tempo de permanência e dose de eCG [(P= 0,06); (P= 0,10); (P= 0,73); (P= 0,22); (P= 0,24)]. Adicionalmente o ECC afetou o diâmetro do FD D9 (P<0,0001); FD D11 (P<0,0001); taxa de crescimento do FD (P=0,03); taxa de ocorrência de estro (P<0,0001) e taxa de prenhez (P=0,004), sendo que animais com ECC ≤2,75 apresentaram resultados inferiores. No estudo foi demonstrado que a permanência do dispositivo de P4 afeta a taxa de cio, diâmetro do FD no momento da retirada da P4, diâmetro folicular no momento da IATF, sendo inferior no grupo permanência D8, no entanto, a taxa de prenhez não é afetada nos grupos tratamento. Quanto a ocorrência de estro o grupo D8300IU foi inferior comparado aos demais, em soma, resultados inferiores foram observados em animais que apresentavam ECC ≤2,75. Sendo assim, em protocolos de IATF com duração de 8 dias de exposição a P4, a utilização de 300UI de eCG deve ser preconizada em animais com ECC superior a 2,75. / The high rate of animals in anestrous compromises the reproductive capacity of animals. TAI allows acyclic animals to be exposed to AI resulting in increased service and pregnancy rate. Although ovulation synchronization protocols are already considered to be established, adjustments can still be made to specific genetic groups, as well as to optimize results, minimize costs and allow flexibility in management. In this sense, the effect of different doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (300 or 400 IU of eCG) on TAI protocols with 8 or 9 days of progesterone device (P4) stay length on the rate of estrus occurrence, rate of pregnancy and follicular growth in Bos taurus lactating dairy cows. There were 1171 cows with a body condition score (BCS) of 2.80 ± 0.04 (1 to 5, 1-lean to 5-obese), from six commercial farms located in three distinct regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil and maintained at pasture. At the beginning of the protocol the cows were divided into two treatments, homogeneously on the BCS: D9 (D0, n=591) or D8 (D1, n=580), with 24 hours of difference between groups, according to the stay length of the progesterone device (9 or 8 days respectively: P4, CIDR®, Zoetis) associated with 2mg of estradiol benzoate (IM; Gonadiol®, Zoetis). On day 9, CIDR was removed and given 12.5 mg of dinoprost tromethamine IM (Lutalyse®, Zoetis) and 1 mg of estradiol IM cypionate (E.C.P®, Zoetis). At this time, the cows were again distributed in two treatments: 300 IU (n=605) or 400 IU (n=566) of eCG (Novormon®, Zoetis), forming 4 treatments D8300IU (n=303), D8400IU (n=277), D9300IU (n=302) and D9400IU (n=289). TAI was performed 48 hours after P4 removal using frozen semen from 24 bulls. Two doses of semen from each batch were evaluated and only departures with minimal progressive motility of 30% after thawing were used. The females had the base of the tail painted with a marking pen (Raidl-Maxi, RaidexGmbH, Dettingen / Erms, Germany) at the time of removal of the P4 device, and the females did not present ink at the time of the TAI considered in estrus. Statistical analysis was performed by PROC GLIMMIX SAS®. The stay length time affected estrus occurrence rate, LF diameter at the time of removal of the P4 device, LF diameter at the time of TAI, (P=0.02); (P<0.0001); (P<0.0001), respectively, being lower in the groups with a stay length of 8 days when compared to the stay length of nine days. The pregnancy rate and the follicular growth rate were not affected by the stay length (P=0.62); (P=0.96), respectively. The pregnancy rate and the follicular growth rate were not affected by the stay length (P=0.62); (P=0.96), respectively. The occurrence of estrus and pregnancy of TAI (P/AI) of groups D8300IU, D8400IU, D9300IU and D9400IU were respectively (60.4%/40.3%, 66.8% / 45.8%, 70.8%) (P=0.01/0.01, P=0.0001/0.33, P <0.0001 / 0.26, P=0001/0.08), with the lowest estrous rate in the D8300IU group. The occurrence of estrus rate, P/AI, diameter of the LF at the time of removal of the P4 device, diameter of the LF at the time of the TAI and the rate of growth of the LF, was not affected by the dose of eCG [(P=0,77); (P=0.50); (P=0.65); (P=0.44); (P=0.17)]. For these same variables, no interaction between stay length time and eCG dose (P=0.06) was observed; (P=0.10); (P=0.73); (P=0.22); (P=0.24). Additionally the BCS affected the diameter of the LF D9 (P<0.0001); LF D11 (P<0.0001); rate of LF growth (P=0.03); estrus occurrence rate (P<0.0001) and pregnancy rate (P=0.004), with animals with BSC ≤2.75 presented lower results. In the study it was demonstrated that the stay length of the P4 device affects the estrus rate; the diameter of the FL at the time of P4 withdrawal, the follicular diameter at the time of the TAI, being lower in the D8 stay length group, however, the pregnancy rate is not affected in the treatment groups. Regarding the occurrence of estrus, the D8300IU group was inferior compared to the others, in sum, lower results were observed in animals presenting with BSC≤2,75. Thus, in TAI protocols lasting 8 days of exposure to P4, the use of 300 IU of eCG should be recommended in animals with BSC greater than 2.75.