CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The âMinha Casa Minha Vidaâ (MCMV), which aims to reduce the housing deficit, launched its second phase, with a bold goal to hire two million housing units by the year 2014. While this economic environment encouraged companies in the Construction Industry, they were not adequately prepared to absorb the new demands. To reach them, we need to implement innovations in traditional processes of design and construction of this type of housing, increasing productivity, but without loss of quality of the products generated. The projects related to housing construction have become increasingly complex, and has increased the number of projects needed to better execution of the work, causing serious problems of compatibility and rework. In view of the peculiar characteristics of the enterprises of Social Housing (HIS), the profit margins offered by these are greatly reduced, forcing companies to pursue lower production costs and execution time of compression, in order to minimize the incidence of fixed costs. It is worth noting that the initial stages of development, such as program and project are those that present the greatest opportunities for intervention and value. In some countries, especially the United States, these problems have been minimized through approaches such as Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) and the use of design tools such as the Building Information Modeling (BIM). In turn, the vast majority of projects in Brazil, especially the HIS, are not designed with this in mind integration. Within this context, the aim of this work is to propose guidelines for increasing the level of integrated management for design firms that operate in MCMV (range 0-3 minimum wages), based on the principles of IPD. This is a qualitative study with an exploratory-descriptive and research strategy used was the multiple case study, divided into four phases: literature review, exploratory stage, stage of conducting case studies and step analyzes and propositions . Therefore, we carried out a survey to contextualize the partial results of the program and analyze the role of each of the major players involved. There was a peculiarity in the state of CearÃ: the Sinduscon-Ce provides companies affiliated three types of architectural design, installations and structures (reference projects). We investigated how was the design process of these types and the level of integration between professionals. The main tool for data collection were semi-structured interviews with the designers, with the representative of Box and Sinduscon. Based on these data, we carried out a cross-sectional analysis of business and design, as well as a diagnosis of these assumptions with respect to the IPD. We also propose an adaptation of the principles of IPD directed to designers Finally, the main contribution of this work is to propose guidelines for increasing the level of integrated management between designers working in MCMV, relating them to the principles of IPD . / O Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV), que tem por finalidade reduzir o dÃficit habitacional brasileiro, lanÃou sua segunda fase, com uma meta ousada de contratar dois milhÃes de unidades habitacionais atà o ano de 2014. Ao mesmo tempo em que este cenÃrio econÃmico incentivava as empresas da IndÃstria da ConstruÃÃo Civil, estas nÃo estavam adequadamente preparadas para absorver as novas demandas. Para alcanÃÃ-las, à preciso implementar inovaÃÃes nos processos tradicionais de projeto e construÃÃo deste tipo de moradia, aumentando a produtividade, porÃm sem prejuÃzo de qualidade dos produtos gerados. Os projetos ligados à construÃÃo habitacional tÃm se tornado cada vez mais complexos, bem como tem aumentado a quantidade de projetos necessÃrios a uma melhor execuÃÃo da obra, provocando sÃrios problemas de compatibilizaÃÃo e retrabalho. Em face das caracterÃsticas peculiares dos empreendimentos de HabitaÃÃo de Interesse Social (HIS), as margens de lucro proporcionadas por estes sÃo bastante reduzidas, forÃando as empresas a perseguirem menores custos de produÃÃo e a compressÃo dos prazos de execuÃÃo, como forma de minimizar a incidÃncia de custos fixos. Cabe ressaltar ainda que as etapas iniciais do empreendimento, tais como o programa e o projeto, sÃo as que apresentam as maiores oportunidades de intervenÃÃo e agregaÃÃo de valor. Em alguns paÃses, principalmente nos Estados Unidos, estes problemas tÃm sido minimizados atravÃs de abordagens como o Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) e do uso de ferramentas de projeto tais como o Building Information Modeling (BIM). Por sua vez, a grande maioria dos empreendimentos brasileiros, especialmente os de HIS, nÃo sÃo desenvolvidos dentro deste espÃrito de integraÃÃo. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho à propor diretrizes para aumentar o nÃvel de gestÃo integrada em empresas de projeto que atuam no programa MCMV (faixa de 0-3 salÃrios mÃnimos), com base nos princÃpios do IPD. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, com carÃter exploratÃrio-descritivo, e a estratÃgia de pesquisa utilizada foi o estudo de caso mÃltiplo, dividida em quatro fases: pesquisa bibliogrÃfica, etapa exploratÃria, etapa de conduÃÃo dos estudos de caso e etapa de anÃlises e proposiÃÃes. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento para contextualizar os resultados parciais do referido programa e analisar o papel de cada um dos principais agentes envolvidos. Verificou-se uma particularidade no estado do CearÃ: o Sinduscon-Ce disponibiliza Ãs empresas filiadas trÃs tipologias de projeto de arquitetura, instalaÃÃes e estruturas (projetos de referÃncia). Investigou-se como se deu o processo de projeto destas tipologias e qual o nÃvel de integraÃÃo entre os profissionais. A principal ferramenta para a coleta de dados foram as entrevistas semiestruturadas com os projetistas, com representante da Caixa e do Sinduscon. Com base nesses dados, realizou-se uma anÃlise cruzada das empresas e projeto, assim como um diagnÃstico destas com relaÃÃo aos postulados do IPD. PropÃe-se ainda uma adaptaÃÃo dos princÃpios do IPD direcionada para os projetistas Por fim, a principal contribuiÃÃo deste trabalho à a proposiÃÃo de diretrizes para aumentar o nÃvel de gestÃo integrada entre os projetistas que atuam no programa MCMV, relacionando-as aos princÃpios do IPD.

A crescente difusão do uso da tecnologia BIM mostra que um novo paradigma para o trabalho colaborativo em projeto precisa ser criado. Em diferentes países e cenários, percebem-se muitas barreiras a serem transpostas para o aproveitamento pleno dos benefícios do BIM. Faltam conhecimentos sobre a integração da nova tecnologia para a melhoria do processo de projeto. Falta também uma compreensão abrangente e uma visão geral de fatores não tecnológicos, caso das relações e interdependências na intersecção entre a gestão do processo de projeto e o BIM. Nesse contexto, a escassez de teorias que busquem a integração entre o domínio da gestão do processo do projeto e a tecnologia BIM motivou o desenvolvimento do presente trabalho. O objetivo geral desta tese é desenvolver uma estrutura conceitual para a gestão do processo de projeto com o uso do BIM. Com uma profunda revisão bibliográfica, mostra-se a difusão fragmentada de conceitos e a tendência na produção de aplicações práticas para a implementação do BIM sem, contudo, estarem elas respaldadas por suficientes reflexões conceituais. Como principal contribuição, a estrutura conceitual desenvolvida procura sustentar o conjunto de metodologias aplicáveis à nova tecnologia e demonstra como relacionar os domínios da gestão do processo de projeto e da tecnologia da informação. São propostos também indicadores de desempenho para medir tanto o nível de desenvolvimento do projeto quanto controlar a qualidade do modelo. Outra contribuição relevante do trabalho é a reformulação do conceito de LOD (nível de desenvolvimento ou de detalhe) para o de Nível de Maturidade, composto pela gestão dos requisitos do programa de necessidades, gestão do nível de desenvolvimento do modelo, medição do nível de interferências físicas e a proposição de um sistema de planejamento e controle do processo de projeto adequado para o BIM. Finalmente, foram feitos testes práticos em dois modelos BIM de edifícios, que possibilitaram a demonstração dos indicadores de desempenho e a sua aplicabilidade prática. Com a estrutura conceitual proposta, entendemos ter contribuído com um novo olhar sobre como deve evoluir a gestão do processo de projeto no contexto da tecnologia BIM. / The increasingly widespread use of BIM technology shows that a new paradigm for design collaborative work needs to be created. In different countries and settings, many barriers to be transposed are perceived to fully exploit the benefits of BIM. There is a lack of knowledge about the integration of new technology to improve the design process. Also lacking are comprehensive understanding and an overview of non-technological factors, besides the relationships and interdependencies in the intersection between design management and BIM design process. In this context, the small number of theories that seek integration between the design management process and BIM motivated the development of this work. The overall objective of this thesis is to develop a conceptual framework for managing the design process by using BIM. The literature review shows a diffusion of fragmented concepts and trends in the production of applications for the implementation of BIM; however, they are not sufficiently supported by conceptual reflections. As the main contribution, the conceptual framework developed seeks to support the set of methodologies applicable to new technologies and shows how to relate the fields of design management process and information technology. Key performance indicators to both measure the project development level and monitor the quality of the model are also proposed. Another important contribution of the thesis was the reformulation of the LOD (level of detail or development) concept to Maturity Level, comprising the management requirements of the program requirements, managing the model development level, level measurement physical interference and proposed a system of planning and control of the design process suitable for BIM. Finally, tests were conducted on two practical BIM models of buildings, which enabled the demonstration of performance indicators and their applicability. With the proposed conceptual framework, we believe to have contributed to a new perspective on how to evolve the management of the design process in the BIM context.

This exploratory research examined the degree of adoption and impact of the concepts of Building Information Model (BIM), Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), Integrated Design Process (IDP) and Building Energy Simulation (BES) on the design processes of advanced architectural firms when executing sustainable design. Six offices identified by the press for a strong commitment to sustainable design and influence in the design of high performance buildings were selected as cases. In semi-standardized interviews, these firms presented their perceptions of the influence of BIM, BES, and IPD/IDP. The results show that a generalization of sustainable design processes is possible. A design process for sustainability (DEPROSU) model was created by collecting best practices from data gathered from the interviews and the critical literature review. Secondary contributions show that BIM, IDP/IPD and BES have a synergistic effect in sustainable design methods, and that the human resource profile from these firms has evolved towards multi-skilled professionals knowledgeable in BES, BIM, parametric design, sustainability and construction processes. This research provides evidence of commonalities found in the design processes of the selected firms. These commonalities, which have been represented in the DEPROSU model, can potentially be validated as protocols or standards for sustainable design, providing architectural design practices with concrete patterns for improvement and or validation of their design methods.

Interior designers require advanced sustainable strategies beyond the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system to expand their ecological accountability. Biomimicry is a biology inspired design (BID) methodology that is integrating into U.S. interior design (ID) curricula. This thesis research aims to identify the extent to which biomimicry is taught in Canadian post-secondary ID programs. Through a mixed-methodology research design, this study explored the strategies and lessons learned from North America interior design educators teaching biomimicry. Integrating a science-based problem-solving methodology into design education requires a transition strategy that includes both high-tech and low-tech teaching tools. This study discusses avenues to heighten biomimicry awareness, for Canadian educators, and addresses the challenges that weaving a complex multidisciplinary topic into interior design pedagogy will bring. Future research regarding biomimicry applications from interior design learner and practitioner perspectives would complement this study, and inform biology inspired design curricula development. / February 2016

A crescente difusão do uso da tecnologia BIM mostra que um novo paradigma para o trabalho colaborativo em projeto precisa ser criado. Em diferentes países e cenários, percebem-se muitas barreiras a serem transpostas para o aproveitamento pleno dos benefícios do BIM. Faltam conhecimentos sobre a integração da nova tecnologia para a melhoria do processo de projeto. Falta também uma compreensão abrangente e uma visão geral de fatores não tecnológicos, caso das relações e interdependências na intersecção entre a gestão do processo de projeto e o BIM. Nesse contexto, a escassez de teorias que busquem a integração entre o domínio da gestão do processo do projeto e a tecnologia BIM motivou o desenvolvimento do presente trabalho. O objetivo geral desta tese é desenvolver uma estrutura conceitual para a gestão do processo de projeto com o uso do BIM. Com uma profunda revisão bibliográfica, mostra-se a difusão fragmentada de conceitos e a tendência na produção de aplicações práticas para a implementação do BIM sem, contudo, estarem elas respaldadas por suficientes reflexões conceituais. Como principal contribuição, a estrutura conceitual desenvolvida procura sustentar o conjunto de metodologias aplicáveis à nova tecnologia e demonstra como relacionar os domínios da gestão do processo de projeto e da tecnologia da informação. São propostos também indicadores de desempenho para medir tanto o nível de desenvolvimento do projeto quanto controlar a qualidade do modelo. Outra contribuição relevante do trabalho é a reformulação do conceito de LOD (nível de desenvolvimento ou de detalhe) para o de Nível de Maturidade, composto pela gestão dos requisitos do programa de necessidades, gestão do nível de desenvolvimento do modelo, medição do nível de interferências físicas e a proposição de um sistema de planejamento e controle do processo de projeto adequado para o BIM. Finalmente, foram feitos testes práticos em dois modelos BIM de edifícios, que possibilitaram a demonstração dos indicadores de desempenho e a sua aplicabilidade prática. Com a estrutura conceitual proposta, entendemos ter contribuído com um novo olhar sobre como deve evoluir a gestão do processo de projeto no contexto da tecnologia BIM. / The increasingly widespread use of BIM technology shows that a new paradigm for design collaborative work needs to be created. In different countries and settings, many barriers to be transposed are perceived to fully exploit the benefits of BIM. There is a lack of knowledge about the integration of new technology to improve the design process. Also lacking are comprehensive understanding and an overview of non-technological factors, besides the relationships and interdependencies in the intersection between design management and BIM design process. In this context, the small number of theories that seek integration between the design management process and BIM motivated the development of this work. The overall objective of this thesis is to develop a conceptual framework for managing the design process by using BIM. The literature review shows a diffusion of fragmented concepts and trends in the production of applications for the implementation of BIM; however, they are not sufficiently supported by conceptual reflections. As the main contribution, the conceptual framework developed seeks to support the set of methodologies applicable to new technologies and shows how to relate the fields of design management process and information technology. Key performance indicators to both measure the project development level and monitor the quality of the model are also proposed. Another important contribution of the thesis was the reformulation of the LOD (level of detail or development) concept to Maturity Level, comprising the management requirements of the program requirements, managing the model development level, level measurement physical interference and proposed a system of planning and control of the design process suitable for BIM. Finally, tests were conducted on two practical BIM models of buildings, which enabled the demonstration of performance indicators and their applicability. With the proposed conceptual framework, we believe to have contributed to a new perspective on how to evolve the management of the design process in the BIM context.

A indústria da construção, nomeadamente no setor da edificação, baseia-se essencialmente em métodos de construção tradicional. Esta indústria é caracterizada pela elevada quantidade de recursos que consome, pela quantidade de resíduos que produz, a sua implicação na economia dos países e à sua inter-relação com a sociedade. Esta realidade é de todo incompatível com os desígnios do desenvolvimento sustentável, nos quais se procura a correlação harmoniosa entre as vertentes ambientais, sociais e econômicas. O desafio da sustentabilidade colocado à atividade da construção tem motivado abordagens distintas, não só por parte das várias especialidades da engenharia, como também da arquitetura. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho propôs-se a desenvolver uma Ferramenta que, de uma forma coordenada e integrada permita orientar o desenvolvimento do projeto para soluções sustentáveis ao longo das várias fases do ciclo de evolução de um projeto. Foi desenvolvida recorrendo a uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema da gestão de projetos e sobre o sistema de certificação de sustentabilidade Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). Para além disto, foram ainda incorporados alguns requisitos normativos, obtidos por meio de normas brasileiras ABNT, normas Americanas e normas Europeias. Pensa-se que da adequada aplicação desta ferramenta, os objetivos definidos pelo promotor da obra em termos de sustentabilidade, poderão ser mais facilmente atingidos pela equipa de projetista através da consideração antecipada de medidas e soluções de sustentabilidade nas diferentes fases de desenvolvimento do projeto permitindo assim, um melhor desempenho do edifício ao nível da construção sustentável. / The construction industry, particularly in the building sector, is based mainly on traditional construction methods. This industry is characterized by excessive consumption of resources, the amount of waste it produces, its implication in the economy of countries and their relationship with society. This reality is entirely incompatible with the aims of sustainable development, which seeks a harmonious relationship between the environmental, social and economic aspects. The sustainability challenge faced by the construction activity has motivated different approaches, not only by the various engineering specialties, but also by the architecture. In this sense, this paper aimed to develop a model in a coordinated and integrated manner to guide the development of the project to sustainable solutions throughout the various stages of the project life cycle. It was developed using a literature review about the topic of project management and sustainability assessment tool Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). Furthermore, and to improve the effectiveness of the Model, it was been incorporated some standardisation requirements, obtained by Brazilian standards ABNT, American standards and European standards. Through proper application of this tool, the goals set by Owner of the work, in terms of sustainability, can be more easily achieved by the project design team through timely consideration of measures and sustainability solutions at different stages of project development. Allowing a better performance of the building in terms of the sustainable construction.

abstract: The building sector is responsible for consuming the largest proportional share of global material and energy resources. Some observers assert that buildings are the problem and the solution to climate change. It appears that in the United States a coherent national energy policy to encourage rapid building performance improvements is not imminent. In this environment, where many climate and ecological scientists believe we are running out of time to reverse the effects of anthropogenic climate change, a local grass-roots effort to create demonstration net zero-energy buildings (ZEB) appears necessary. This paper documents the process of designing a ZEB in a community with no existing documented ZEB precedent. The project will establish a framework for collecting design, performance, and financial data for use by architects, building scientists, and the community at large. This type of information may prove critical in order to foster a near-term local demand for net zero-energy buildings. / Dissertation/Thesis / Appendix M - Simulation and Weather Data / M.S. Built Environment 2014

A indústria da construção, nomeadamente no setor da edificação, baseia-se essencialmente em métodos de construção tradicional. Esta indústria é caracterizada pela elevada quantidade de recursos que consome, pela quantidade de resíduos que produz, a sua implicação na economia dos países e à sua inter-relação com a sociedade. Esta realidade é de todo incompatível com os desígnios do desenvolvimento sustentável, nos quais se procura a correlação harmoniosa entre as vertentes ambientais, sociais e econômicas. O desafio da sustentabilidade colocado à atividade da construção tem motivado abordagens distintas, não só por parte das várias especialidades da engenharia, como também da arquitetura. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho propôs-se a desenvolver uma Ferramenta que, de uma forma coordenada e integrada permita orientar o desenvolvimento do projeto para soluções sustentáveis ao longo das várias fases do ciclo de evolução de um projeto. Foi desenvolvida recorrendo a uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema da gestão de projetos e sobre o sistema de certificação de sustentabilidade Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). Para além disto, foram ainda incorporados alguns requisitos normativos, obtidos por meio de normas brasileiras ABNT, normas Americanas e normas Europeias. Pensa-se que da adequada aplicação desta ferramenta, os objetivos definidos pelo promotor da obra em termos de sustentabilidade, poderão ser mais facilmente atingidos pela equipa de projetista através da consideração antecipada de medidas e soluções de sustentabilidade nas diferentes fases de desenvolvimento do projeto permitindo assim, um melhor desempenho do edifício ao nível da construção sustentável. / The construction industry, particularly in the building sector, is based mainly on traditional construction methods. This industry is characterized by excessive consumption of resources, the amount of waste it produces, its implication in the economy of countries and their relationship with society. This reality is entirely incompatible with the aims of sustainable development, which seeks a harmonious relationship between the environmental, social and economic aspects. The sustainability challenge faced by the construction activity has motivated different approaches, not only by the various engineering specialties, but also by the architecture. In this sense, this paper aimed to develop a model in a coordinated and integrated manner to guide the development of the project to sustainable solutions throughout the various stages of the project life cycle. It was developed using a literature review about the topic of project management and sustainability assessment tool Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). Furthermore, and to improve the effectiveness of the Model, it was been incorporated some standardisation requirements, obtained by Brazilian standards ABNT, American standards and European standards. Through proper application of this tool, the goals set by Owner of the work, in terms of sustainability, can be more easily achieved by the project design team through timely consideration of measures and sustainability solutions at different stages of project development. Allowing a better performance of the building in terms of the sustainable construction.

Every year the United States corrections system costs tax payers $52 billion. The failures of the prison system are both tangible and intangible. This Thesis research builds on existing literature to seek out a solution to the high rate of recidivism post release. Can design be employed as a tool with the potential to reduce rates of recidivism in the prison population? The City of Springfield, in Western Massachusetts, acts as a test case to examine the inter-relationships of social science, neuroscience, and architecture. Initial research identified the primary obstacles individuals face after prison that contribute to keeping recidivism rates high. This is not intended to oversimplify the issues or suggest there is an easy solution, but to provide a starting point to try something new. Ultimately, this thesis deals with how architecture can provide a concrete solution to the deep set, less tangible roadblocks to successful reintegration. Residents often lack a sense of self-worth, personal responsibility and stable social ties. In addition to designing a building to provide the physical support system that released prisoners often lack, such as housing, access to transportation, and access to services, the project will explore techniques to serve a much greater purpose and provide a model for a re-imagined process of incarceration, release, healing and growth.

Le projet de doctorat vise à présenter une nouvelle approche intégrée en support des opérateurs dans la gestion du processus de conception d'interventions de rénovation énergétique et architecturale du patrimoine bâti récent, grâce à l'emploie de solutions technologiques d'enveloppe innovantes. La recherche se fonde sur la collection d'un répertoire sélectionné des solutions architecturales et constructives d'enveloppe, nécessaire pour constituer une base valide sur laquelle étudier des solutions technologiques novatrices pour la réhabilitation énergétique des écoles dans l'après-guerre, en béton armé, généralement préfabriquées. Le projet identifie des processus constructifs éco-durables pour la conception des composants de façade “active”, adaptable et efficace, à assembler à sec, en conformité avec les exigences de performance requises par la réglementation actuelle. La recherche est finalisée à la gestion de l'ensemble du processus, soutenu par des systèmes de relevé géométrique, connectés aux logiciels de programmation paramétrique pour la modélisation des surfaces capables de s'adapter aux différentes morphologies du patrimoine existant. Ces outils informatisés CAO-FAO sont reliés aux machines à contrôle numérique CNC pour la fabrication des éléments de façade “sur mesure”. À démonstration de l'approche innovante proposée, deux possibles solutions d'enveloppes ont présentées, dans la ligne droit des principes de durabilité, comprise comme modularité, rapidité de mise en œuvre, réversibilité, récupération et réutilise des matériaux. En particulier, les solutions innovantes sont réunies par l'application d'une technique basée sur l'assemblage d'éléments préfabriqués, l'adoption d'un pavage hexagonal pour le dessin de la nouvelle surface d'enveloppe, et l'utilisation du même matériau isolant thermique, plastique et inorganique, recyclé, éco-durable, à faible impact environnemental (AAM - Alkali Activated Materials).Les solutions proposées, développées dans les sièges de cotutelle (Université de Bologne, Université Paris-Est) sont envisagées selon un protocole scientifique qui prévoit: conception du système constructif, analyse mécanique et thermique, expérimentation constructive, validation des techniques de mise en œuvre et des performances / The research is aimed at presenting a new integrated approach to aid operators and designers to manage the design process as a whole in refurbishment interventions of recent existing building stock, through the use of innovative technological envelope solutions. The study requires the acquisition of a selection of typological and constructive envelope solutions, as a starting point for the development of design solutions to be used for architectural renovation of schools built after the Second World War, in reinforced concrete and mostly prefabricated. The project identifies sustainable construction processes for the design of “active”, adaptive, efficient and dry assembled envelope components, in accordance with the performance requirements prescribed by current regulations. The purpose of the research is to manage the whole design process with the support of geometrical survey, connected to parametric programming software for modelling surfaces which can be adapted to the morphology of existing buildings. These computerized CAD-CAM tools are connected to CNC machines for “customized” industrialized production. To illustrate this innovative approach, two envelope solutions are proposed, according to the research paradigms and the principles of sustainability, meant as modularity, speed of setup, reversibility, recycling and reuse of materials with low environmental impact. In particular, the innovative solutions have in common the application of a technique based on the assembly of prefabricated components, the adoption of hexagonal patterns for the tessellation of the new surface of the façade, and the use of the same plastic and inorganic, recycled and sustainable, thermal insulation material (AAM-Alkali Activated Materials).The design solutions proposed are developed at the two sites involved in the joint