Esta tese examina a noção de integridade - um dos principais crivos para a seleção de elementos culturais e naturais no sistema do patrimônio mundial -, buscando demonstrar a relação conflituosa entre os seus aspectos técnicos e político-administrativos na Organização das Nações Unidas para Educação, Ciência e Cultura [Unesco]. Para isso, a integridade é analisada a partir de três dimensões - a conceitual, a teórica e a institucional -, privilegiando fontes documentais como dicionários etimológicos e regulares; escritos da teoria do restauro; relatórios do Comitê e do Bureau do Patrimônio Mundial, de encontros de especialistas, de avaliação de nominações culturais e naturais; cartas circulares; guias operacionais; convenções; recomendações; e cartas patrimoniais, em diálogo com a historiografia sobre o tema. Assim, o trabalho evidencia que muitas decisões tomadas em nome da integridade foram impulsionadas por questões eminentemente políticoadministrativas, por vezes revestidas pelo véu da \"neutralidade\" das avaliações técnicas. / This thesis examines the notion of integrity - one of the main criteria for selecting cultural and natural areas in the World Heritage system -, seeking to demonstrate the conflicting relationship between its technical and political-administrative aspects in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [Unesco]. For this, integrity is analyzed from three dimensions - conceptual, theoretical and institutional -, favoring documental sources such as regular and etymological dictionaries; writings on restoration theory; reports from the World Heritage Committee and Bureau, expert meetings, assessments of cultural and natural nominations; circular letters; operational guidelines; conventions; recommendations; and heritage charters, in dialogue with the historiography on the subject. Therefore, the study shows that many decisions taken in the name of integrity were driven by eminently political and administrative issues, sometimes covered by the veil of \"neutrality\" of technical evaluations.

La navigation par satellite pour les applications critiques telles que l'aviation civile nécessite un dispositif de contrôle d'intégrité pour garantir un certain niveau de précision et de fiabilité des informations fournies au pilote. Au delà des informations de position, le système de navigation doit donc fournir des alertes lorsque les exigences opérationnelles ne sont pas respectées. Cette perte de performance peut être due aux dysfonctionnements des satellites. Cette thèse traite donc du contrôle d'intégrité des systèmes de navigation en présence de pannes satellite multiples. Le contexte étudié est celui où les mesures satellitaires sont hybridées avec les données cinématiques provenant d'une centrale inertielle. Les contributions apportées à cette problématique sont diverses. Différents algorithmes sont proposés en tenant compte des contraintes de charge de calcul limitée liées aux applications embarquées. Parmi eux, l'utilisation de la fusion d'informations permet d'améliorer les performances de contrôle d'intégrité. Les imperfections du modèle d'erreur de mesure sont également traitées dans cette thèse. D'une part, nous proposons de détecter et de compenser les potentiels sauts de variance du bruit de mesure. D'autre part, des approches robustes sont utilisés afin d'améliorer le contrôle d'intégrité en présence de bruit de mesure non-gaussien. / Critical applications such as civil aviation require a navigation system including an integrity monitoring function to provide accurate and reliable information. Thus, the navigation system has to raise an alert when the operational requirements are not met. This loss of performance can be due to satellite failures. This thesis deals with integrity monitoring of navigation system assuming multiple satellite failures. Moreover, we consider herein the satellite measurements are hybidized with the kinematic information providing by an inertial navigation system.The contributions to this issue are manifold. Several algorithms are proposed accounting for the limited computing load of the embedded applications. Among them, information fusion allows to improve the integrity monitoring performance. Errors in measurement noise model are also treated in this thesis. On the one hand, we propose to detect and compensate the measurement noise variance jumps. On the other hand, robust approaches are used to improve the integrity monitoring when the measurement noise is not gaussian distributed.

M.Sc. / Estuaries are regarded as South Africa's most productive ecosystems due to the important functions that they perform, such as providing nursery areas and feeding sites for juvenile macro-invertebrate and fish species. Furthermore, ecologically healthy estuaries are not only of critical importance since they facilitate the provision and recirculation of nutrients, they also provide conduits for catadromous or anadromous fish and act as buffers during floods. In South Africa these functions are continuously threatened by residential and/or industrial developments. It is thus essential to determine the ecological integrity (structure and function) of these systems. An ecological integrity study was carried out on the Mvoti Estuary, KwaZulu-Natal during 2004/2005. An ecological integrity study was also carried out on the Amatigulu/Nyoni Estuary, KwaZulu–Natal during the same period and was used as a reference study. The ecological integrity of the Mvoti Estuary was assessed in terms of the effects of selected abiotic drivers on specific biological responses. The study was carried out according to the guidelines of the ecological reserve determination methodologies and the resource directed measures for aquatic resources as set out by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Surveys were carried out during low flow (September 2004) and high flow (March 2005) periods. Abiotic and biotic monitoring was carried out at four sites on the Mvoti Estuary and five sites on the Amatigulu/Nyoni Estuary. The abiotic components, such as the substrate composition and physico-chemical properties of the water and sediment, was analysed using standard methods. Biological monitoring included the study of the benthic macro-invertebrate-, ichthyofaunal- and avifaunal communities. The biotic and abiotic components were analysed using various indices, where applicable. The ecological integrity of a system can be assessed on the basis of its ability to carry out its natural functions. Results show that various anthropogenic activities in the upper reaches of the Mvoti River contributed to the highly modified state of the Mvoti Estuary. The abiotic drivers of the aquatic system that contributed to the modified state of the Mvoti Estuary is unacceptable water quality, a loss and/or modification of habitat and an altered hydrological pattern. As a result of the abiotic drivers, results show that the xi ichthyofaunal-, macro-invertebrate- and, to a lesser degree, the avifaunal communities also reside in a modified state. Physico-chemical, geomorphological and hydrological changes in this system resulted in the Mvoti Estuary suffering a loss in both its biological and ecological function as well as aesthetic value. It is apparent from the above that there is not only a need for rehabilitation, but also a need for an effective and continuous management strategy. This management strategy can only be successful if the biomonitoring of the system includes the effects at both economical and social levels.

This thesis has proposed two types of real time System Integrity Protection Schemes(SIPS) using Emergency Single Machine Equivalent (E-SIME) and Model PredictiveControl (MPC) approaches respectively. They are aiming to resolve the transientstability problems in power systems. Synchronous measurements, fast communicationnetwork and FACTS are deployed in the two SIPSs. The Thyristor Controlled SeriesCompensation (TCSC) is applied as the control action in both SIPSs.In the E-SIME based SIPS, the SIME approach is used to evaluate the transient stabilityof the system and then a decision is made about the control actions needed to stabilizethe system. During emergency conditions, a fast response time is very important andthis requires a security guideline to be used in the decision making process. Theguideline is developed by analyzing offline multiple fault scenarios using an automaticlearning approach. This ensures appropriate control actions can be performed withoutcompromising the response time required on a real system.The MPC based SIPS optimizes the control action at every discrete time instant byselecting the control action that leads to the minimized cost function value. Automaticlearning (AL) is utilized to predict power system dynamics by assuming each controlaction has been taken. Furthermore, a feature selection technique, that chooses themost relevant variables, is used to improve the performance of the AL prediction. Themodel predictive control (MPC) technique is performed every discrete time interval, sothe optimal control action is always selected.Two types of SIPS are tested and verified in the benchmark systems. Simulation resultsshow they can effectively protect the system from loss of synchronism in the aftermathof a large disturbance. This thesis also compares the two SIPSs and concludes thebenefits and shortcomings of each approach.

“The World Customs Organization Arusha Declaration for customs integrity proposes two elements to improve integrity: simplification of procedures, including automation, and adequate human resource management. The declaration, along with the Integrity Development Guide, a set of comprehensive integrity tools specifically designed to help customs administrations implement the principles contained in the Arusha Declaration, casts light on customs reform and modernization from the angle of fighting corruption, as improving integrity should be a cornerstone of any capacity building activities.” <ul> <li>Kunio Mikuriya, Deputy Secretary General, World Customs Organization In J.Edgardo C and S.Pradhan (eds) (2007) 367,The Many Faces of Corruption: Tracking Vulnerabilities at the Sector Level, Washington DC, World Bank.</li> </ul> Customs inefficiencies are well known to impede the integration of developing countries into the global economy. There are a number of bottlenecks to trading across borders. Among these bottlenecks, with their attendant costs, are: Excessive documentation, inadequate procedures and lack of audit-based controls; lack of risk assessment and management techniques; lack of modern infrastructure; lack of automation and use of computerized procedures; and lack of transparency. All these couples together create an environment rife with corruption as traders seek to process their transaction at whatever cost. Paying bribes then becomes the order of the day and result into an added cost to trading. In this era of globalization, an enormous demand has been placed on customs administrations especially in Africa to simplify their procedures so as to enable firms to participate meaningfully in international and regional trade. The complexity and costs of transactions, including corruption must be eliminated, thus the urgent need for trade facilitation. This study seeks to emphasize the potential of trade facilitation as a policy measure that can reduce the prevalence and negative effects of corruption in customs. While obviously not a cure-all for the wide variety of corrupt transactions taking place in customs administrations, this study will show that trade facilitation can nonetheless be of considerable help in dealing with corruption in customs. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted

MapReduce, a parallel computing paradigm, has been gaining popularity in recent years as cloud vendors offer MapReduce computation services on their public clouds. However, companies are still reluctant to move their computations to the public cloud due to the following reason: In the current business model, the entire MapReduce cluster is deployed on the public cloud. If the public cloud is not properly protected, the integrity and the confidentiality of MapReduce applications can be compromised by attacks inside or outside of the public cloud. From the result integrity’s perspective, if any computation nodes on the public cloud are compromised,thosenodes can return incorrect task results and therefore render the final job result inaccurate. From the algorithmic confidentiality’s perspective, when more and more companies devise innovative algorithms and deploy them to the public cloud, malicious attackers can reverse engineer those programs to detect the algorithmic details and, therefore, compromise the intellectual property of those companies. In this dissertation, we propose to use the hybrid cloud architecture to defeat the above two threats. Based on the hybrid cloud architecture, we propose separate solutions to address the result integrity and the algorithmic confidentiality problems. To address the result integrity problem, we propose the Integrity Assurance MapReduce (IAMR) framework. IAMR performs the result checking technique to guarantee high result accuracy of MapReduce jobs, even if the computation is executed on an untrusted public cloud. We implemented a prototype system for a real hybrid cloud environment and performed a series of experiments. Our theoretical simulations and experimental results show that IAMR can guarantee a very low job error rate, while maintaining a moderate performance overhead. To address the algorithmic confidentiality problem, we focus on the program control flow and propose the Confidentiality Assurance MapReduce (CAMR) framework. CAMR performs the Runtime Control Flow Obfuscation (RCFO) technique to protect the predicates of MapReduce jobs. We implemented a prototype system for a real hybrid cloud environment. The security analysis and experimental results show that CAMR defeats static analysis-based reverse engineering attacks, raises the bar for the dynamic analysis-based reverse engineering attacks, and incurs a modest performance overhead.

The role of trust in traditional face-to-face mentoring has already been investigated in several research studies. However, to our knowledge, very few studies have examined how trust is established in electronic-mentoring relationships. The purpose of the current study is to examine by means of the Mayer et al. (1995) model how e-mentees perceive a prospective e-mentor's trustworthiness and how these perceptions influence the decision to be mentored by a particular e-mentor. A sample comprised of 253 undergraduate and graduate students from the Telfer School of Management at the University of Ottawa participated as potential mentees by completing a survey after having reviewed the selected e-mentor’s profile. The survey employed quantitative and qualitative measurements to assess the mentee's perception of the prospective e-mentor’s level of trustworthiness. In the quantitative section, both the Behavioural Trust Inventory (Gillespie, 2003) and the Factors of Perceived Trustworthiness (Mayer et al., 1999) were measured. The Behavioural Trust Inventory was designed to measure the extent to which a mentee is willing to be vulnerable in e-mentoring relationships. The Factors of Perceived Trustworthiness (ability, benevolence and integrity) were designed to measure these three attributes’ contributions to the extent to which the mentees perceived the e-mentor as being trustworthy. The factorial structure (confirmatory factor analysis) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) of the constructs were examined. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the fit of the models (Behavioural Trust Inventory and Mayer et al.) to an e-mentoring context. In the qualitative section, the indicators of trustworthiness were collected by means of an open-ended question and were analyzed by means of content analysis. The results of the quantitative analysis revealed that the models (the Behavioural Trust Inventory and the Factors of Perceived Trustworthiness) have an adequate fit with the e-mentoring model after accounting for some correlated error terms. The results of the qualitative analysis identified some other attributes (apart from ability, benevolence and integrity groups) have an influence on the extent to which the mentees perceived the e-mentor as being trustworthy. The main finding is that the Mayer et al. (1995) model appears to be a suitable device for the measurement of trust in e-mentoring relationships at the initiation phase.

Submitted by Sandra Maria Neri Santiago (sandra.neri@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-14T14:13:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO - Thalianne de Andrade Leal.pdf: 2510019 bytes, checksum: 2da7c82c8d63d8018e80a8e30f841238 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-14T14:13:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO - Thalianne de Andrade Leal.pdf: 2510019 bytes, checksum: 2da7c82c8d63d8018e80a8e30f841238 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-30 / O rápido e intenso desenvolvimento urbano atual vem impondo ao campo da Conservação dos monumentos novas inquietações. A tentativa de conciliação entre arquitetura contemporânea, a integridade dos monumentos e o desenvolvimento urbano está presente na pauta de especialistas preocupados com o impacto de novas estruturas sobre as heranças urbanas. Aos bens inscritos ou tombados pelos órgãos da preservação já são garantidas medidas de salvaguarda, com isso a preocupação foca-se em seu entorno. Apesar da recorrente indicação de que o entorno é parte importante para a compreensão das informações do bem ao contribuir com a manutenção da sua integridade, poucas medidas o definiram conceitualmente e não chegaram a efetivar uma metodologia que possibilitasse sua delimitação. A partir da discussão dos conceitos e de experiências de delimitação do entorno, foi adotada neste trabalho a investigação sobre as dificuldades que tardam a sua efetividade como ferramenta do campo da Conservação. Optou-se por focar no entorno de bens arquitetônicos situados em território urbano, opção esta que ligou à discussão ao território das cidades, aos seus atores, instrumentos normativos e interesses. Sendo o ambiente urbano alvo de constantes mudanças e permanências, a efetividade do entorno parte do acompanhamento das tendências para alteração da composição morfológica e dos seus atributos ao longo do tempo, os quais têm interferência sobre a continuidade na transmissão das informações dos bens. Interesses diversos sobrepõem-se nas cidades, e muitos deles dificultam as ações da Conservação. São destacadas também as dificuldades de integração entre instituições e instrumentos para a utilização da ferramenta. Compreendidas as dificuldades e sanadas as lacunas, o entorno pode efetivar-se como uma ferramenta auxiliar contra as investidas de modificações na proximidade de monumentos e contribuir para a manutenção da sua integridade. / Actually, the rapid and intense urban development has imposing on the field of monuments conservation new concerns. The attempt to reconcile contemporary architecture, the monuments integrity and urban development is present on the staff of specialists concerned with the impact of new structures on urban heritage. To property protected are warranted preservation measures, thus the concern focuses on his buffer zones. Despite the applicant's statement that the environment is an important part to understand the property information to contribute to the maintenance of its integrity, few measures have defined conceptually and failed to effect a methodology that would enable its boundaries. From the discussion of concepts and experiences of defining the buffer zone, was adopted in this research work on the difficulties that are delaying its effectiveness as a tool in the field of Conservation. We chose to focus on the buffer zone architectural property located in urban territory, that option is called to discuss the territory of the cities, its actors, instruments and regulatory interests. As the urban environment subject to constant change and permanence, the effectiveness of the buffer zone focus of the monitoring of trends and morphological change in the composition of its attributes over time, which have interference on the continuous transmission of property information’s. Diverse interests overlap in the cities, and many hinder the Conservation actions. Are also highlighted the difficulties of integration between institutions and instruments for the use of the tool. Understood the difficulties and shortcomings remedied, the buffer zone can manifest itself as an auxiliary tool against the onslaught of changes in the monuments surroundings and contribute to the maintenance of its integrity

Orientador: Anselmo Eduardo Diniz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T12:31:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Loureiro_Daniel_M.pdf: 3345826 bytes, checksum: a140e145cbae9ae1a5f3f14eaee94c0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: As ligas de níquel são utilizadas em diversos setores industriais sempre que há necessidade de se associar elevada resistência mecânica com resistência à corrosão, ao desgaste e à oxidação. No entanto, as ligas de níquel apresentam baixa usinabilidade, implicando em processos relativamente ineficientes nos quais o desgaste da ferramenta e a integridade superficial são os principais fatores limitantes. A baixa usinabilidade destas ligas está relacionada com as suas características inerentes, tais como: alta dureza e resistência mecânica a quente, altas tensões de cisalhamento durante o processo de corte, alta taxa de encruamento, presença de carbonetos abrasivos na matriz, baixa condutividade térmica e soldagem da peça e da aresta de corte. Dentre as ligas de níquel, uma que apresenta propriedades desejadas para a indústria de exploração de petróleo é a liga 625. O objetivo do presente trabalho é a verificação da integridade da superfície usinada da liga 625, pela caracterização através da rugosidade, microestrutura, microdureza Vickers da superfície e da subsuperfície e da tensão residual de oito diferentes superfícies torneadas com diferentes geometrias da ferramenta (positiva e negativa) e diferentes condições de usinagem. Neste trabalho foram avaliados os danos que o torneamento em condições de acabamento proporciona à superfície usinada e que podem resultar em variação da resistência à corrosão e à fadiga. Dentre os principais resultados destaca-se aquele que aponta que as superfícies torneadas com geometria positiva da ferramenta produziram tensões compressivas na superfície, enquanto aquelas torneadas com ferramentas negativas produziram tensões trativas na superfície / Abstract: The nickel alloys are used in many industrial sectors where there is a need to associate high mechanical strength with resistance to corrosion, wear and oxidation. However, nickel alloys have poor machinability, resulting in relatively inefficient process wherein tool wear and surface integrity are the limiting primary factors. The low machinability of these alloys is related to their inherent characteristics, such as hot hardness and mechanical resistance, high shear rates during the cutting process, high work hardening rate, presence of abrasive carbides in the matrix, low thermal conductivity and welding the workpiece and cutting edge. Among the nickel alloys, one that has desired properties to the oil exploration industry is the alloy 625. The aim of this work is the check of the surface integrity through the characterization by roughness, microstructure, microhardness of the surface and sub- surface and residual stress, of eight turned different surfaces with different geometries tool (positive and negative) and machining conditions. This study evaluated the damage that finish conditions provides to the machined surface and witch can result in variations of resistance to corrosion and fatigue. Among the main results stands out the one who points out that turned surfaces with positive tool geometry produced compressive residual stresses on the surface, while those with negative turned tools produced tensile residual stresses on the surface / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

This research assesses changes in Canada’s national park system between the years 2000-2015 and places these changes within the broad social, political, and economic context in Canada, as well as within trends in international conservation policy and practice. The animating research questions include: how did Parks Canada respond in the fifteen years following the report of the 2000 Panel on Environmental Integrity? What political, economic, and cultural factors influenced Parks Canada Agency in this period? A further research question emerged from my findings: Why has it been so hard for Parks Canada to lead with ecological integrity as its first priority? Through a political ecological lens, the research utilizes a mixed methods approach. Using semi-formal interviews with retired Parks Canada managers, I was able to establish what had changed and how these changes were interpreted by these former employees. I also interviewed environmental NGOs to gather information on how those outside the Agency viewed the changes taking place within Parks Canada. I then collected and reviewed primary Parks Canada documents to establish the main changes, including of policy, as well as budgets and expenditures. My research found that in this period, despite efforts to shift the culture of the organization of Parks Canada to ecological integrity (EI) the Agency deepened its emphasis on visitor experience. The most recent "decade of change" in Canadian national parks policy and practice is thus reminiscent of the century-long struggle to determine whom or what parks are for and the role that Parks Canada plays in the production of Canadian identity. Although we are tempted to conclude that the decades repeat themselves like a pendulum swinging between “use” and “preservation,” this analysis suggests that this decade of change is distinct from the previous decades, with the institution increasingly emphasizing its role as nation-builder and tourism provider. This research purposes that a kind of Polanyian “double movement” is playing out on a new foundational terrain characterized by neoliberal solutions for conservation, a terrain influenced by a broader, global neoliberal transformation within state institutions. / Graduate / 2021-05-18