In 1974, Kent R. Morgan and John W. Dickey published an in-depth study of the travel characteristics of new town development ("<i>The Characteristics of New Town Travel: A Case Study of Reston, Virginia</i>"). Using Reston as a case study (and Vienna, Virginia, as a "control" post WWII suburb), the objective of the Morgan-Dickey research was "to determine if the transportation element of this satellite new community has, in fact, altered the travel patterns of its residents relative to the patterns exhibited in a more traditional suburban development." The intent of the present analysis is to determine if Reston has achieved the travel patterns anticipated by Morgan-Dickey, as well as by several proponents of new town development. A review of the literature and analysis of recent travel data suggests that while Reston has exhibited significantly lower automobile availability rates than Vienna, other measures of travel behavior ---- e.g. "internal" trips and trip generation rates --- are less conclusive, with Reston exhibiting only slightly more favorable (in terms of reduced travel) patterns than Vienna. In fact, the data indicates that Reston residents are less likely to carpool, take transit, bicycle, or walk to work than Vienna workers. The research suggests that Reston may not be the most appropriate model for evaluating new towns in general. The research further suggests that development external to Reston likely has a significant impact on the travel behavior of its residents. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

Demand for intercity transportation has increased significantly in the past decades and is expected to continue to follow this trend in the future. In the meantime, concern about the environmental impact and potential climate change associated with this demand has grown, resulting in an increasing importance of climate impact considerations in the overarching issue of sustainability. This results in discussions on new regulations, policies and technologies to reduce transportation's climate impact. Policies may affect the demand for the different transportation modes through increased travel costs, increased market share of more fuel efficient vehicles, or even the introduction of new modes of transportation. However, the effect of policies and technologies on mobility, demand, fleet composition and the resulting climate impact remains highly uncertain due to the many interdependencies. This motivates the creation of a parametric modeling and simulation environment to explore a wide variety of policy and technology scenarios and assess the sustainability of transportation. In order to capture total transportation demand and the potential mode shifts, a multimodal approach is necessary. The complexity of the intercity transportation System-of-Systems calls for a hybrid Agent-Based Modeling and System Dynamics paradigm to better represent both micro-level and macro-level behaviors. Various techniques for combining these paradigms are explored and classified to serve as a hybrid modeling guide. A System Dynamics approach is developed, that integrates socio-economic factors, mode performance, aggregated demand and climate impact. It is used to explore different policy and technology scenarios, and better understand the dynamic behavior of the intercity transportation System-of-Systems. In order to generate the necessary data to create and validate the System Dynamics model, an Agent-Based model is used due to its capability to better capture the behavior of a collection of sentient entities. Equivalency of both models is ensured through a rigorous cross-calibration process. Through the use of fleet models, the fuel burn and life cycle emissions from different modes of transportation are quantified. The radiative forcing from the main gaseous and aerosol species is then obtained through radiative transfer calculations and regional variations are discussed. This new simulation environment called the environmental Ground and Air Mode Explorer (eGAME) is then used to explore different policy and technology scenarios and assess their effect on transportation demand, fleet efficiencies and the resulting climate impact. The results obtained with this integrated assessment tool aim to support a scenario-based decision making approach and provide insight into the future of the U.S. transportation system in a climate constrained environment.

The main contents of this diploma thesis is apply inventions and ideas to create innovative design of maglev and show own creative activity and ability of object displacement from function sphere to sphere of aesthetic, ergonomy and serviceability.