This thesis examines the recent exponential growth in trade between India and Pakistan which has occurred despite the persistence of heated tension and conflict. It will underscore my research on the factors behind this marked increase, and analyze the transformative effects of domestic actors such as political leaders and business communities in creating new constituencies for peace between the two nations. This thesis makes an important contribution to international relations literature, specifically to existing research in the field of international political economy. Economic interdependence and security have not been analyzed concurrently in the context of the India-Pakistan relationship. In analyzing these issues together, this thesis will highlight the role of domestic political considerations and third parties in facilitating conditions for dialogue even in times of conflict.

This study empirically examines the dynamics and conditions of relationship conflict between supervisors and employees in Chinese State-Owned Enterprises. It proposes that relationship conflict has significant effects on leadership in Chinese SOEs, specifically, it threatens leader-member relationships, lowers the possibility of open-minded discussion, influences leadership effectiveness and prevents future collaboration. This study uses Deutsch’s (1973) theory of goal interdependence to understand relationship conflict between supervisors and employees. Specifically, it proposes that three types of goal interdependence affect the experience of relationship conflict and its outcomes. Cooperative goals compare to competitive and independent goals can help reduce relationship conflict between supervisors and employees and in turn lead to quality relationships, open-minded discussions, leader effectiveness, and confidence in future collaboration. A total of 103 face-to-face interviews were conducted in Nanjing and Guangzhou in mainland China, with all the participants from Chinese State-Owned Enterprises. Participants were asked to describe a specific incident in which they engaged in relationship conflict with their supervisors. Details of the incidents including the setting, what occurred, the reasons, and the consequences were also recorded during the interview. Participants also rated specific questions on 7-point Likert-type scale based on the recalled incidents. Results of structural equation modeling and other analyses support the hypotheses and provide statistical evidence to the proposed theoretical model that goal interdependence affects relationship conflict that influence several leadership constructs, named leader-member relationship, open-minded discussion, leadership effectiveness, and future collaboration. The model and the findings also help to broaden understanding of dynamics of relationship conflict and suggest ways it can be alleviated in order to strengthen organizational leadership.

Research has demonstrated that taking care of a patient with schizophrenia has serious mental health costs to caregivers including high levels of burden and poorer overall mental health. Research also indicates that caregivers from certain ethnic/racial groups may fare better in this process. Specifically, prior research indicates that African American and Hispanic caregivers often exhibit better mental health than their Caucasian counterparts. Using a sample of 176 caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, the present study was specifically aimed at examining whether three variables (caregiver burden, family cohesion and interdependence) may account for part of the formerly observed ethnic/racial differences in psychological outcomes. Study hypotheses pertaining to ethnicity/race and family cohesion were not supported. For the most part, minorities in this study did not demonstrate better mental health outcomes than Caucasians and family cohesion did not predict mental health outcomes. However, in line with study hypotheses, we did find that subjective burden mediated the relationship between objective burden and mental health. In other words, subjective appraisals of caregiving appear to partially underlie the association between concrete costs of caregiving and psychological outcomes in schizophrenia caregivers. Also as expected, we found that interdependence moderated the relationship between objective burden and subjective burden. This finding suggests that helping caregivers to value harmony and connection with others over individual self-interests may reduce the likelihood that objective stressors (which are often inevitable in schizophrenia) will result in subjective distress.

This study uses qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to examine the basis of industry political power by assessing conditions of economic interdependence and political action associated with the passage of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA), and the significant reduction in effective tax rates for eight of eighteen U.S. industries. Past research has focused on the simple passage of "pro-business" legislation, failing to provide adequate evidence as to who benefits or how they benefit from the legislation. The Boolean analysis used in this study indicates that a distinct combination of both political action and economic factors present a clear pattern of causal conditions associated with both tax winners and losers. Using three separate analyses, the theoretically exclusive explanations offered by both class dominance and structural theories fail to provide any clear explanations. Tax policy is associated with a set of conditions that are conjunctural in nature, supporting a combined model. Strong PAC contributions, number of registered lobbyists, and outside lobby firms in association with a strong federal relationship, and either total economic strength or strong inter-industry relations produced the specific conjunctural patterns associated with "winning' industries. Lack of significant PAC contributions to the House Ways and Means and Senate Finance Committees insured an industries failure to benefit from the legislative change. The results from this study indicate that a new theoretical model is needed that incorporates the complexity of the interdependent-relationships of political and economic conditions. Evolving from the mutually exclusive theoretical explanations of the past, class segmentation, political dominance, and structural economic explanations are brought back together in a manner that exposes the complexity of the relationships resulted in tangible benefits from the passage of ERTA.

Extant literature has a controversy over the effects of customer relationship on customer responses to service failure. Buffering perspective suggests that strong relationship can mitigate customers¡¦ unfavorable reactions to service failure; whereas amplifying perspective finds that these negative customer responses are enhanced by strong relationship. Until now, it still lacks a unified framework to explain the mechanisms under each perspective and to reconcile both perspectives. The motivation of this research is to fill up this research gap and to solve the controversy over the effects of customer relationship under service failures. By integrating interdependence theory and reciprocity theory, this research proposes a framework to analyze when and why each of buffering and amplifying effects would occur and how amplifying effects can shift to buffering effects. The major conjectures of the framework proposed by this research are that customer relationship has amplifying effects on customers¡¦ immediate responses while it has buffering effects on their prolonged responses; moreover, customers¡¦ immediate and prolonged responses are guided by different reciprocity motivations and the shift from amplifying effects to buffering effects is triggered by motivation transformation that can be enhanced by increasing a number of customers¡¦ social concerns. This framework is verified through one survey study and two experimental studies. Collectively, the results broadly support that: (a) a customer relationship has amplifying effects on customers¡¦ immediate responses while has buffering effects on their prolonged responses; (b) immediate responses are majorly governed by self-oriented motivations in reciprocation of the firms¡¦ past behavior, whereas to some extent prolonged responses are guided by relationship-oriented motivations in reciprocation of the firms¡¦ anticipated behavior; (c) transformation of reciprocity motivations triggers the shift from amplifying effects into buffering effects; (d) concern about future of relationship with the firm increases the possibility of transformation and thus the occurrence of buffering effects.

In this paper, we study on the stock indexes return¡¦s dependence structure of the U.S. versus other G5 members during the 2008 subprime mortgage financial crisis. The sample series are weekly returns of the MSCI stock price indexes from 2003 to 2011. The model structure is combined with marginal model and copula model. We model the marginal distributions of our returns using the univariate skewed Student t AR¡]1¡^-GARCH model of Hansen¡]1994¡^, and we model the time-varying copula of Patton¡]2006¡^to measure the dependence structure between stock indexes returns. By analyzing the time series behavior of the dynamic copula parameters, we find that,¡]1¡^the dependence of stock indexes returns increased significantly between U.S. and other G5 members in early subprime mortgage financial crisis, which means the dependence structure has contagion effect.¡]2¡^Except the dependence structure between U.S. and Japan, the other dependence structure between U.S. and other G5 members in later subprime mortgage financial crisis have the phenomenon of interdependence, and their average tail dependence increased significantly.¡]3¡^By the above, international portfolio constructed by correlation coefficient will failed to diversify the downside risk and the systematic risk will be increased in financial crisis period, which is similar with the 2008 subprime mortgage financial crisis. Therefore, the construction of an international portfolio must consider the asymmetric dependence structure between the stock indexes returns.

The thesis uses the case study of software industry development to investigate the role of the state, relationship with the private sectors, and its transformation. Besides, This paper adopts Peter Evans¡¦ ¡§embedded autonomy¡¨ and Linda Weiss¡¦s ¡§governed interdependence theory¡¨ to explain these situations. As far as Taiwan, the state helped develop software industry after 1980s. At that time, there was no software programming or service company in Taiwan. Like the other strategy industry, the state set up the pilot agency, III, to support software industry, but the state didn¡¦t intervene in production. The unique character of software industrial development has been its synchronized globalization among developed and developing world. To out-compete among others in software industry is quite a gap for Taiwan. Besides, Taiwan¡¦s labor cost is higher then India and Mainland China. So, Taiwan has no chance to get the low-level business. In the analysis, the state¡¦s e-government budget didn¡¦t benefit to software industry. The state have no obvious network with society, have no control force to software private sectors, and the state¡¦s capacity was be doubted. So the state only just plays a ¡§husbandry¡¨ ideal-type.

This paper has found that China's foreign energy policies are based on two very powerful, yet completely different concepts: interdependence and economic nationalism. Interdependence can be thought of as the international environment that China must maneuver through when executing their foreign energy policies, and is heavily influenced not only by political events or natural disasters in oil producing areas around the world, but by market forces as well. We can see the affects of interdependence in China's foreign energy policies as its attempts to reduce the sensitivities and vulnerabilities that it often creates. What is important to note when analyzing China's foreign energy policies is that China does not fully embrace or learn from the concept of interdependence, but merely reacts and adjusts to the changing circumstances its creates. China's domestic conditions, specifically the state of its energy sector and heavy industry, are what truly drive China's foreign energy policies. These domestic conditions manifest themselves in the form of strategies along the lines of economic nationalism and mercantilism.

Abstract This thesis ¡§the Cooperation Partnership between China and ASEAN in the Post-Cold War Era¡¨ is analyzed mainly by functionism approach. By facing the new international situation, namely globalization, China continues to pursue economic modernization. China¡¦s modernization was, is and will be a positive factor for regional stability and economic growth in Asia. At the same time, ASEAN have strong interest in China¡¦s successive economic reform. In this context, China and ASEAN underscored their commitments to handling their cooperation partnership in accordance with the principles of mutual benefits and equality, and agree to promote dialogue for the possibility to establish a free trade area between ASEAN and China. If the cooperation partnership in economic integration does work successively and can spill-over to political cooperation, China and ASEAN will be in the near future as major power to shape the new order in Asia.

This study uses qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to examine the basis of industry political power by assessing conditions of economic interdependence and political action associated with the passage of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA), and the significant reduction in effective tax rates for eight of eighteen U.S. industries. Past research has focused on the simple passage of "pro-business" legislation, failing to provide adequate evidence as to who benefits or how they benefit from the legislation. The Boolean analysis used in this study indicates that a distinct combination of both political action and economic factors present a clear pattern of causal conditions associated with both tax winners and losers. Using three separate analyses, the theoretically exclusive explanations offered by both class dominance and structural theories fail to provide any clear explanations. Tax policy is associated with a set of conditions that are conjunctural in nature, supporting a combined model. Strong PAC contributions, number of registered lobbyists, and outside lobby firms in association with a strong federal relationship, and either total economic strength or strong inter-industry relations produced the specific conjunctural patterns associated with "winning' industries. Lack of significant PAC contributions to the House Ways and Means and Senate Finance Committees insured an industries failure to benefit from the legislative change. The results from this study indicate that a new theoretical model is needed that incorporates the complexity of the interdependent-relationships of political and economic conditions. Evolving from the mutually exclusive theoretical explanations of the past, class segmentation, political dominance, and structural economic explanations are brought back together in a manner that exposes the complexity of the relationships resulted in tangible benefits from the passage of ERTA.