This thesis includes the study of hybrid microwave integrated circuits (HMIC), miniaturization techniques applied on HMICs and its application on a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) range sensor transceiver. In the scope of study, hybrid and monolithic microwave integrated circuits (HMIC and MMIC) are introduced, advantages and disadvantages of these two types are discussed. Large size of HMICs is the main disadvantage especially for military and civil applications requiring miniature volumes. This thesis is mainly devoted on miniaturization work of HMICs in order to cope with this problem. In this scope, miniaturization techniques of some HMICs such as 3 dB hybrid couplers and stubs are examined and analyzed. Their simulation and measurement results cohere with original circuit results. Nevertheless, considerable size reduction up to 80% is achieved. Moreover, planar interdigital capacitors (IDC), spiral inductors (SI) and their equivalent circuit models are introduced. Design technique is discussed with illustrative electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Furthermore, FMCW radar is introduced with its basic operation principles, brief history and usage areas. In addition, FMCW range sensor transceiver is designed with its sub&amp / #8208 / parts / power amplifier, low noise amplifier (LNA), coupler and front end. Multi technology based on chip transistors, interdigital capacitors, spiral inductors and hybrid couplers with wire&amp / #8208 / bond connections is used in the design. As the result of using hybrid miniaturized components small layout size is achieved for the transceiver system with its all components.

The miniaturization of chemical and biological sensors has received considerable attention in recent years for medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical screening, military applications, etc. One interesting area of development in microfluidic system is detecting dielectric properties of MUT (Material Under Test) using IDC (Interdigital Capacitor) electrodes. The IDC chemical sensor has been investigated by many researchers because they are cheap to manufacture and can be easily integrated with other sensing components and signal processing electronics. This dissertation presents the design, fabrication, and testing of an IDC (interdigital capacitor) electrode sensor for a fluid property monitoring component that can be integrated into a microfluidic system. One practical point of this research is the analytical evaluation of the interdigital electrode capacitance for the detection of conductivity and permittivity of the aqueous solutions, which is not apparently analyzed in other chemical sensor applications. In addition, a new noble methodology of remotely accessing the IDC sensor by wireless inductive coupling similar to EAS (Electronic Article Surveillance) tags is presented. / text

This thesis focuses mostly on investigating different potential applications of meta-transmission line (TL), particularly composite right/left handed (CRLH) TL, and analyzing some new phenomena and applications of meta-TL, mostly left-handed (LH) TL. Realization principle will also be studied.   First, the fundamental electromagnetic properties of propagation in the presence of left-handed material (LHM) are illustrated. The transmission line approach for LHM design is described together with a brief review of the transmission line theory. As a generalized model for LHM TL, CRLH TL provides very unique phase response, such as dual-band operation, bandwidth enhancement, nonlinear dispersion, and the existence of critical frequency with zero phase velocity. Based on these properties, some novel applications of the existing CRLH transmission lines are then given, including a notch filter, a diplexer, a broadband phase shifter, a broadband balun, and a dual band rat-ring coupler. In the design of notch filters and diplexers, CRLH TL shunt stub is utilized to provide high frequency selectivity due to the existence of critical frequency with zero phase velocity. The proposed wideband Wilkinson balun, which comprises of one section of conventional transmission lines and one section of CRLH-TL, is shown to have a 180°±10° bandwidth of 2.12 GHz centered at 1.5 GHz. In the analysis of the dual band rat-ring couplers, a generalized formulation of the requirements about impedances and electrical length of the branches are derived, and as an example, a compact dual-band rat-race coupler is designed utilizing the balanced CRLH TL. Furthermore, a low pass filter is also proposed and designed based on a single (epsilon) negative coplanar waveguide (CPW).Various principles to realize meta-transmission lines are investigated. The main conclusions are listed below:Ÿ         Dual composite right/left handed (D-CRLH) transmission line, which is the dual structure of conventional CRLH TL, shows opposite handedness in the high frequencies and low frequencies with CRLH TL. Meanwhile, in the practical implementation, D-CRLH TL always shows a sharp stopband. A notch filter and a dual-band balun are designed based on D-CRLH TL. Ÿ         The lattice type transmission line (LT-TL) shows the same magnitude response with the conventional right-handed (RH) TL, but a constant phase difference in the phase response over a wide frequency band. A wideband rat-race coupler is proposed as an application of the LT-TL. Ÿ         Finger-shorted interdigital capacitors (FSIDCs) are analyzed and it is shown that FSIDC alone can act as a left-handed transmission line. The value of the reactive elements (inductors and capacitors) in the equivalent circuit model is determined by the dimensions of FSIDC. The relationship between them is analyzed.Later, transmission line loaded with negative-impedance-converted inductors and capacitors is illustrated as the first non-dispersive LH transmission line. The design of a negative series impedance converter is given in detail and a wideband power divider is designed as a potential application of the newly proposed meta-transmission lines in is also given. The final part of the thesis focuses on the study of microstrip lines loaded with complementary split ring resonators (SRRs). An equivalent circuit is made for this structure. The circuit model is verified by the experimental results of cases with different periodic lengths. Thereafter, a meander line split ring resonator (MLSRR) is presented. It shows dual band property and the miniature prototypes of complementary MLSRR loaded transmission lines are fabricated. By comparing the resonance frequencies of complementary MLSRR and multiple SRR, it is shown that the complementary MLSRR is very compact. C-MLSRR is applied in rejecting unnecessary frequencies in the ultra wideband antennas. / QC 20100720

Práce je věnována modelování mikrovlnných rezonátorů z metamateriálů (materiálů se záporným indexem lomu). V úvodu je rozebráno, co metamateriály jsou, jak se vytvářejí a které jejich vlastnosti jsou podstatné při návrhu rezonátorů. Následuje návrh planárního rezonátoru z metamateriálů. Pro tento účel byly naprogramovány funkce počítající rozměry jednotlivých součástí struktury. Simulace navržené struktury probíhala v programu Zeland IE3D. Simulované struktury byly optimalizovány s ohledem na požadované kmitočty rezonance. První rezonátor sestával z jedné elementární buňky, druhý ze dvou buněk, naladěných na rozdílné kmitočty. Rezonátory byly vyrobeny a experimentálně byly ověřeny jejich vlastnosti.

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A wearable body temperature sensor would allow for early detection of fever or infection, as well as frequent and accurate hassle-free recording. This thesis explores the design of a body-temperature-sensing device inkjet-printed on a flexible substrate. All structures were first modeled by first-principles, theoretical calculations, and then simulated in HFSS. A variety of planar square inductor geometries were studied before selecting an optimal design. The designs were fabricated using multiple techniques and compared to the simulation results. It was determined that inductance must be carefully measured and documented to ensure good functionality. The same is true for parallel-plate and interdigitated capacitors. While inductance remains relatively constant with temperature, the capacitance of the device with a temperature-sensitive dielectric layer will result in a shift in the resonant frequency as environmental or ambient temperature changes. This resonant frequency can be wirelessly detected, with no battery required for the sensing device, from which the temperature can be deduced. From this work, the optimized version of the design comprises of conductive silver in with a temperature-sensitive graphene oxide layer, intended for inkjet-printing on flexible polyimide substrates. Graphene oxide demonstrates a high dielectric permittivity with good sensing capabilities and high accuracy. This work pushes the state-of-the-art in applying these novel materials and techniques to enable flexible body temperature sensors for future biomedical applications.

<p>Коришћењем интердигиталног кондензатора и микроконтролера, систем за препознавање течности је имплементиран и испитан. Пермитивност течних узорака је коришћена као физичка особина на основу које се врши препознавање. Инвазивна и неинвазивна конфигурација сензора је израђена и испитана. Резултати указују на могућност развоја компактних, минијатурних уређаја за теренску употребу.</p> / <p>Korišćenjem interdigitalnog kondenzatora i mikrokontrolera, sistem za prepoznavanje tečnosti je implementiran i ispitan. Permitivnost tečnih uzoraka je korišćena kao fizička osobina na osnovu koje se vrši prepoznavanje. Invazivna i neinvazivna konfiguracija senzora je izrađena i ispitana. Rezultati ukazuju na mogućnost razvoja kompaktnih, minijaturnih uređaja za terensku upotrebu.</p> / <p>By using interdigital capacitor and a microcontroller, a system for liquid-type<br />recognition has been developed and examined. Permittivity of liquid samples<br />has been used as a physical property for recognition. Invasive and noninvasive<br />sensor configuration has been implemented and examined. Results<br />imply the possibility to develop compact, miniature, on-field devices.</p>