BACKGROUND:Sequential compression devices (SCDs) are commonly used for thromboprophylaxis in postoperative patients but compliance is often poor. We investigated causes for noncompliance, examining both hospital and patient related factors.METHODS:100 patients undergoing inpatient urologic surgery were enrolled. All patient had SCD sleeves placed preoperatively. Postoperative observations determined SCD compliance and reasons for non-compliance. Patient demographics, length of stay, inpatient unit type, and surgery type were recorded. At discharge, a patient survey gauged knowledge and attitudes regarding SCDs and bother with SCDs. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate SCD compliance with patient demographics / patient knowledge and attitudes regarding SCDs / and patient self-reported bother with SCDs.RESULTS:Observed overall compliance was 78.6%. The most commonly observed reasons for non-compliance were SCD machines not being initially available on the ward (71% of non-compliant observations on post-operative day 1) and SCD use not being restarted promptly after return to bed (50% of non-compliant observations for entire hospital stay). Mean self-reported bother scores related to SCDs were low, ranging from 1-3 out of 10 for all 12 categories of bother assessed. Patient demographics, knowledge, attitudes and bother with SCD devices were not significantly associated with non-compliance.CONCLUSIONS:Patient self-reported bother with SCD devices was low. Hospital factors, including SCD machine availability and timely restarting of devices by nursing staff when a patient returns to bed, played a greater role in SCD non-compliance than patient factors. Identifying and addressing hospital related causes for poor SCD compliance may improve postoperative urologic patient safety.

Thesis--University of Oklahoma. / Bibliography: leaves 53-59.

No / Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) is a mechanical method of delivering compression to swollen limbs that can be used to treat venous leg ulcers and limb swelling due to lymphoedema. This review analyses the evidence for the effectiveness of IPC as a treatment for venous leg ulcers. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether IPC increases the healing of venous leg ulcers. To determine the effects of IPC on health related quality of life of venous leg ulcer patients. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register (December 2007); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) - The Cochrane Library Issue 4, 2007; Ovid MEDLINE - 2006 to November Week 2 2007; Ovid EMBASE - 2006 to 2007 Week 49 and Ovid CINAHL - 2006 to December Week 1 2007. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled studies either comparing IPC with control (sham IPC or no IPC) or comparisons between IPC treatment regimens, in venous ulcer management were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data extraction and assessment of study quality were undertaken by one author and checked by a second. MAIN RESULTS: Seven randomised controlled trials (including 367 people in total) were identified. Only one trial reported both allocation concealment and blinded outcome assessment. In one trial (80 people) more ulcers healed with IPC than with dressings (62% vs 28%; p=0.002). Four trials compared IPC with compression against compression alone. The first of these trials (45 people) found increased ulcer healing with IPC plus compression than with compression alone (relative risk for healing 11.4, 95% Confidence Interval 1.6 to 82). The remaining three trials (122 people) found no evidence of a benefit for IPC plus compression compared with compression alone. One small trial (16 people) found no difference between IPC (without additional compression) and compression bandages alone. One trial compared different ways of delivering IPC (104 people) and found that rapid IPC healed more ulcers than slow IPC (86% vs 61%; log rank p=0.003). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: IPC may increase healing compared with no compression, but it is not clear whether it increases healing when added to treatment with bandages, or if it can be used instead of compression bandages. Rapid IPC was better than slow IPC in one trial. Further trials are required to determine whether IPC increases the healing of venous leg ulcers when used in modern practice where compression therapy is widely used.

No description available.

Introdução: à despeito da evolução dos aspectos técnicos do tratamento dialítico ao longo das últimas décadas, hipotensão intradialítica (HID) continua a ocorrer em uma parcela significante das sessões. Esquemas alternativos de diálise, especificamente sessões prolongadas e/ou frequentes tem se mostrado benéficas e se associam a um melhor controle da pressão arterial e da anemia, maior remoção de fósforo, regressão da hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, melhor controle de hipervolemia e aumento da sobrevida dos pacientes. A adoção destes métodos mais intensivos, entretanto, não é unânime e a maior parte da população em diálise no mundo realiza hemodiálise (HD) convencional 3 x semana. A HD convencional está associada à HID e à remoção ineficaz de fosfato. Como as pernas são a principal fonte de fluido extracelular removido durante o HD, procurou-se reduzir a HID e aumentar a remoção de fosfato usando exercício com cicloergômetro e compressão pneumática, o que potencialmente proporcionariam maior retorno venoso dos membros inferiores, preservando o fluxo sanguíneo central e também fazendo com que mais fosfato pudesse chegar ao dialisador, facilitando sua eliminação. Métodos: este é um estudo com intervenção, cruzado, onde foram avaliados 21 pacientes, em 3 diferentes sessões de HD: controle, exercício com cicloergômetro durante os primeiros 60 minutos de HD e compressão pneumática durante os primeiros 60 minutos de HD. Os dados avaliados foram: distribuição de fluidos (através de bioimpedância), pressão arterial hora a hora durante a HD, parâmetros bioquímicos e de remoção de fosfato (através de quantificação direta do dialisado). HID foi definida como uma queda na pressão arterial média (PAM) >= 20 mmHg. Resultados: não houve diferença na taxa de ultrafiltração (p = 0,628), delta de peso (p = 0,415), delta de água corporal total, intracelular e extracelular entre controle, cicloergômetro e compressão pneumática (p = 0,209, p = 0,348 e p = 0,467, respectivamente). Comparando controle, cicloergômetro e compressão pneumática, o delta de PAM foi menos negativo durante a compressão pneumática [-4,7 (-17,2, 8,2), -4,7 (-20,5, -0,2) e -2,3 (-8,1,9,0) mmHg, respectivamente; p = 0,021]. HID ocorreu em 43%, 38% e 24% dos pacientes em controle, cicloergômetro e compressão pneumática, respectivamente (p = 0,014). A remoção de fosfato não aumentou com nenhuma intervenção (p = 0,486). A remoção mais elevada de fosfato foi dependente da ultrafiltração, fosfato sérico pré-diálise e PTH mais elevado. Conclusão: A compressão pneumática durante a primeira hora de diálise foi associada a menor HID, embora não tenha sido observado efeito nos parâmetros de distribuição de fluidos. Nenhuma das intervenções testadas, seja exercício ou compressão pneumática conseguiu aumentar a remoção de fosfato / Introduction: Despite the evolution of the technical aspects of dialysis over the last decades, intradialytic hypotension (DIH) continues to occur in a significant proportion of the sessions. Alternative dialysis schemes such as prolonged and / or more frequent sessions have been shown to be beneficial and are associated with better control of blood pressure and anemia, greater phosphorus removal, regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, better control of hypervolemia, and increased survival of patients. The adoption of these methods, however, is not unanimous and the majority of the dialysis population worldwide are on conventional hemodialysis (HD) 3x week. Conventional HD is associated with DIH and it is also ineffective to remove phosphate. Since the legs are the main source of extracellular fluid removed during HD, we sought to reduce DIH and increase phosphate removal by using cycling exercise and pneumatic compression, which would potentially provide greater venous return from the lower limbs, preserving blood flow, and also offering more phosphate to the dialyser, facilitating its elimination. Methods: We evaluated 21 patients in a randomized crossover fashion in which each patient underwent 3 different HD: control; cycling exercise during the first 60-min; and pneumatic compression during the first 60-min. Data obtained included bioelectrical impedance, hourly blood pressure measurement, biochemical parameters, and directly quantification of phosphate through the dialysate. DIH was defined as a drop in mean arterial pressure (MAP) >= 20 mmHg. Results: There was no difference in ultrafiltration rate (p=0.628), delta weight (p=0.415), delta of total, intracellular and extracellular body water among control, cycling and pneumatic compression (p=0.209, p=0.348 and p=0.467, respectively). Delta MAP was less changed by pneumatic compression when compared to control, cycling and pneumatic compression, respectively [-4.7 (-17.2, 8.2), -4.7 (-20.5, -0.2) and -2.3 (-8.1,9.0) mmHg; p=0.021]. DIH occurred in 43%, 38% and 24% of patients in control, cycling and pneumatic compression, respectively (p=0.014). Phosphate removal did not increase in any intervention (p=0.486). Higher phosphate removal was dependent on ultrafiltration, pre-dialysis serum phosphate and higher PTH. Conclusion: Pneumatic compression during the first hour of dialysis was associated with less DIH, albeit no effect on fluid parameters was observed. Neither exercise nor pneumatic compression increased phosphate removal

Introdução: à despeito da evolução dos aspectos técnicos do tratamento dialítico ao longo das últimas décadas, hipotensão intradialítica (HID) continua a ocorrer em uma parcela significante das sessões. Esquemas alternativos de diálise, especificamente sessões prolongadas e/ou frequentes tem se mostrado benéficas e se associam a um melhor controle da pressão arterial e da anemia, maior remoção de fósforo, regressão da hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, melhor controle de hipervolemia e aumento da sobrevida dos pacientes. A adoção destes métodos mais intensivos, entretanto, não é unânime e a maior parte da população em diálise no mundo realiza hemodiálise (HD) convencional 3 x semana. A HD convencional está associada à HID e à remoção ineficaz de fosfato. Como as pernas são a principal fonte de fluido extracelular removido durante o HD, procurou-se reduzir a HID e aumentar a remoção de fosfato usando exercício com cicloergômetro e compressão pneumática, o que potencialmente proporcionariam maior retorno venoso dos membros inferiores, preservando o fluxo sanguíneo central e também fazendo com que mais fosfato pudesse chegar ao dialisador, facilitando sua eliminação. Métodos: este é um estudo com intervenção, cruzado, onde foram avaliados 21 pacientes, em 3 diferentes sessões de HD: controle, exercício com cicloergômetro durante os primeiros 60 minutos de HD e compressão pneumática durante os primeiros 60 minutos de HD. Os dados avaliados foram: distribuição de fluidos (através de bioimpedância), pressão arterial hora a hora durante a HD, parâmetros bioquímicos e de remoção de fosfato (através de quantificação direta do dialisado). HID foi definida como uma queda na pressão arterial média (PAM) >= 20 mmHg. Resultados: não houve diferença na taxa de ultrafiltração (p = 0,628), delta de peso (p = 0,415), delta de água corporal total, intracelular e extracelular entre controle, cicloergômetro e compressão pneumática (p = 0,209, p = 0,348 e p = 0,467, respectivamente). Comparando controle, cicloergômetro e compressão pneumática, o delta de PAM foi menos negativo durante a compressão pneumática [-4,7 (-17,2, 8,2), -4,7 (-20,5, -0,2) e -2,3 (-8,1,9,0) mmHg, respectivamente; p = 0,021]. HID ocorreu em 43%, 38% e 24% dos pacientes em controle, cicloergômetro e compressão pneumática, respectivamente (p = 0,014). A remoção de fosfato não aumentou com nenhuma intervenção (p = 0,486). A remoção mais elevada de fosfato foi dependente da ultrafiltração, fosfato sérico pré-diálise e PTH mais elevado. Conclusão: A compressão pneumática durante a primeira hora de diálise foi associada a menor HID, embora não tenha sido observado efeito nos parâmetros de distribuição de fluidos. Nenhuma das intervenções testadas, seja exercício ou compressão pneumática conseguiu aumentar a remoção de fosfato / Introduction: Despite the evolution of the technical aspects of dialysis over the last decades, intradialytic hypotension (DIH) continues to occur in a significant proportion of the sessions. Alternative dialysis schemes such as prolonged and / or more frequent sessions have been shown to be beneficial and are associated with better control of blood pressure and anemia, greater phosphorus removal, regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, better control of hypervolemia, and increased survival of patients. The adoption of these methods, however, is not unanimous and the majority of the dialysis population worldwide are on conventional hemodialysis (HD) 3x week. Conventional HD is associated with DIH and it is also ineffective to remove phosphate. Since the legs are the main source of extracellular fluid removed during HD, we sought to reduce DIH and increase phosphate removal by using cycling exercise and pneumatic compression, which would potentially provide greater venous return from the lower limbs, preserving blood flow, and also offering more phosphate to the dialyser, facilitating its elimination. Methods: We evaluated 21 patients in a randomized crossover fashion in which each patient underwent 3 different HD: control; cycling exercise during the first 60-min; and pneumatic compression during the first 60-min. Data obtained included bioelectrical impedance, hourly blood pressure measurement, biochemical parameters, and directly quantification of phosphate through the dialysate. DIH was defined as a drop in mean arterial pressure (MAP) >= 20 mmHg. Results: There was no difference in ultrafiltration rate (p=0.628), delta weight (p=0.415), delta of total, intracellular and extracellular body water among control, cycling and pneumatic compression (p=0.209, p=0.348 and p=0.467, respectively). Delta MAP was less changed by pneumatic compression when compared to control, cycling and pneumatic compression, respectively [-4.7 (-17.2, 8.2), -4.7 (-20.5, -0.2) and -2.3 (-8.1,9.0) mmHg; p=0.021]. DIH occurred in 43%, 38% and 24% of patients in control, cycling and pneumatic compression, respectively (p=0.014). Phosphate removal did not increase in any intervention (p=0.486). Higher phosphate removal was dependent on ultrafiltration, pre-dialysis serum phosphate and higher PTH. Conclusion: Pneumatic compression during the first hour of dialysis was associated with less DIH, albeit no effect on fluid parameters was observed. Neither exercise nor pneumatic compression increased phosphate removal

No description available.