Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 11, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 304-315).

This thesis is concerned with the progressive development of international enforcement. In effect, it explores the normative pull of international law and its influence on compliance with international environmental obligations. Moreover, it looks to the notion of progress in international law and assesses its influence within the sphere of international enforcement. In recent decades, the effect of contemporary environmental challenges on the enjoyment of various values and rights have become more apparent. It is in light of this present situation that this thesis explores the progressive development of international enforcement. Furthermore, it is in light of this situation that the thesis makes a claim for enhanced compliance with international environmental obligations. The thesis main argument is that the normative pull of international law can increase the effectiveness of international enforcement within the context of some international environmental obligations. Furthermore, the thesis posits that looking to the notion of progress in international law can advance an understanding of how the normative pull impacts the authority and legitimacy of international enforcement measures. To that end, it is argued that the notion of progress in international law, by coinciding with authority in international law, justifies coercive enforcement actions; and further, that the notion of progress, by influencing the legitimacy of international enforcement, contributes to the necessity of compliance. In effect the notion of progress in international law, therefore, has the capacity to influence compliance with international environmental obligations. In order to contextualise the theoretical arguments and assumptions made, the thesis looks to two international environmental obligations: The obligation to avert the cause of climate change and the obligation to preserve and protect the marine environment.

<p> This study contributes to body of research that tests the effect of mobile phone signal coverage on the probability of violent collective action by shifting the level of analysis to a single country&mdash;Myanmar. The analysis uses a random effects logistic model of time-series cross-sectional data to test whether mobile phone availability has a significant effect on the probability of conflict among ethnic groups given their spatial and non-spatial characteristics, including: population density, territory type, and political and religious status. This study presents a nuanced, historical view of Myanmar and explores how future levels of conflict could change with the expansion of information and communications technology (ICT). While the findings are exploratory and preliminary, as mobile coverage data across a wider timeframe becomes available for Myanmar, these tests can be easily replicated to achieve more robust and statistically significant results.</p>

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / China Area Studies / Master / Master of Arts

When South Africa emerged from the era of isolation in 1994, it was faced with the fact that many of its laws relevant in the field of international trade and investment were outdated and inadequate. An obvious example is in the field of international arbitration. The problem is a serious one. Even thought South Africa is a developing country (one of the richest countries in Africa) and provides everything an investor wants: mainly, a reliable political and juridical system and some great opportunities of business, the same investor is also interested in how a dispute arisen between parties is settled. In this matter / one can be surprised not to see any references to international arbitration in the South African regulations.<br /> <br /> South African passed the Arbitration Act 42 of 1965 that was based mostly on the English Arbitration Act of 1950. Unfortunately, this law was designed for domestic arbitration and has no provision at all dealing with international arbitrations. This Act is perceived by those involved in international arbitration as being totally inadequate for this purpose.<br /> <br /> Given the fact that countries like Nigeria, Kenya or Zimbabwe have regulations on international arbitration prove the interests of States to give the best conditions for investors (e.g. predictability of where and how a dispute will be settled if one occurs).<br /> Focus will be on private arbitration (two private entities such as persons or corporations) and investor/state arbitration and will therefore not be on the Dispute Settlement Body of the WTO which settles disputes between states. Besides, the domestic arbitration regime will be put aside to concentrate on International Arbitration.

Many nurses travel internationally and provide nursing care around the world. The current literature provides evidence that international nursing experiences have numerous positive outcomes. Understanding the positive impacts and the challenges of the international nursing experiences can lead to a greater awareness of the benefits that come from these experiences. This study examines the experiences of nurses who have travelled and practiced nursing internationally. Using the qualitative survey, I sought to understand 1) Why nurses participated in international nursing experiences 2) How international nursing experiences affect a nurse’s personal and professional developments and 3) The role that reflective practice plays in the international nursing experience. Hearing the perspectives of nurses who have participated in international nursing experiences is crucial in order to enrich the current understanding and awareness. This study gave nurses an avenue to express their feelings regarding their experiences. The findings of this study may lead to nurses being recognized and supported more throughout their international nursing experiences. This recognition and support may eliminate some of the challenges that nurses face that in turn may lead to great, more successful international nursing experiences in the future that will continue to produce positive outcomes for health care in general. The similarities and differences revealed, throughout the data findings and the literature review, facilitate gaining a deeper understanding of the positive impact and challenges of international nursing experiences. The experiences provide a positive impact to those in the host location, to the nurse themselves and to the nursing practice in their home health care institution. This evidence provides a perspective that could continue to have a positive impact on health care should health care institutions respond appropriately. / Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2013-03-29 15:47:46.039

Darbo objektas – Lietuvos užsienio prekybos perspektyvos. Darbo tikslas – ištirti galimas Lietuvos užsienio prekybos plėtros perspektyvas. Uždaviniai: 1. Pateikti tarptautinės prekybos aspektus. 2. Išskirti tarptautinės prekybos politikos reguliavimo instrumentus ir institucijas, išryškinant aplinkosaugos politikos integravimo tarptautinėje prekyboje klausimus. 3. Apžvelgti bendrąją ES prekybos politiką ir Lietuvos užsienio prekybos situacijos pokyčius įstojus į ES. 4. Atlikti Lietuvos užsienio prekybos SSGG analizę. 5. Atlikti Lietuvos įmonių vertinimą apie jų užsienio prekybos situaciją. 6. Pateikti Lietuvos užsienio prekybos tendencijas ir perspektyvas. Hipotezė – Lietuvos užsienio prekyba turi neišnaudotas tarptautinės prekybos galimybes. Šis darbas susideda iš įvado, trijų pagrindinių dalių bei išvadų ir pasiūlymų. Darbo pirmoje dalyje supažindinama su tarptautinės prekybos samprata, ją skatinančiais veiksniais, privalumais, trūkumais bei protekcionizmo esme. Taip pat šioje dalyje išskiriamos tarptautinę prekybą įtakojančios organizacijos, aplinkosauginių aspektų taikymo būtinybė tarptautinėje prekyboje ir numatomi susitarimai bei instrumentai. Antrame darbo skyriuje pateikiama Lietuvos užsienio prekybos apžvalga, atskleidžiant užsienio prekybos politikos instrumentus. Šioje dalyje nagrinėjami pagrindiniai Lietuvos užsienio prekybos rodikliai ir jų pokyčiai iki ir po įstojimo į ES, atliekama Lietuvos užsienio prekybos SSGG analizė. Trečioje dalyje pateikiamas Lietuvos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object - perspectives of Lithuanian International Trade. Purpose – to examine potential perspectives of Lithuanian international trade development. Objectives: • To describe instruments and institutions of international trade regulation. • To review Lithuanian foreign trade situation in global international trade system. • To carry out SWOT analysis of Lithuanian international trade system. • To provide tendencies and perspectives of Lithuanian foreign trade. Hypothesis – Lithuanian foreign trade has a lot of unrealized international trade opportunities. Structure: This paper consists of three main parts. The first part describes the concept of international trade, its advantages, disadvantages and instruments of foreign trade regulation. The second part analyses the aspects of Lithuanian international trade, its statistical indexes, and it shows its strong and weak sides. The third part provides analysis and interpretation of research which reveals Lithuanian foreign trade tendencies and perspectives. The survey-based investigation showed that Lithuania’s main export partners are the EU countries and there is a tendency for the export to increase to the Russian market. The investigation showed Lithuanian companies’ strong sides which involve cheap manpower resources and good geographical position to export goods to the EU and Russian markets. In conclusion, it has been indentified that Lithuanian foreign trade volume will increase and it has unrealized perspectives of... [to full text]

Trust plays a vital role in all aspects of life, affecting whether goals are met and the cost of achieving them. It affects and is affected by culture, expectations, and behavior. This thesis examines the nature of trust and its role in military operations and winning "hearts and minds". It also examines American foreign policy and its relation to trust. Iraq is used as a case study to examine the interaction of U.S. foreign policy and operations with trust and culture. The thesis shows how U.S. policy and actions have undermined trust in the U.S.

The world is on the verge of a dramatic shift in security relations in Northeast Asia. With a "rising China" and a Japan emerging as a "normal" military power by revising the pacifist clause of its constitution (Article 9), many analysts argue that the new century may bring with it increased instability to the region. With this forecast in mind, this thesis explores how the United States should approach a militarily "normalizing" Japan. The primary questions that will be analyzed are: 1) Will the current ad hoc movement towards the revision of Article 9 (Renunciation of War Clause) be the impetus for a downward security spiral in Northeast Asia? 2) What should U.S. policy be towards the revision of Article 9? and 3) Should the United States push for further "normalization" and burden sharing in security relations? This thesis concludes that to ameliorate the security tensions in the region, the United States should implement three policy prescriptions that will increase the transparency and the time horizon associated with this dramatic shift in Japan's military restraints. Thus, avoiding downward security spirals in Northeast Asia by encouraging a gradual transition to a militarily "Normalized" Japan. / US Navy (USN) author.

<p>Given the current state of unprecedented global interdependence, and the growing impact that business has on the world?s inhabitants, Corporate Social Responsibility has become something that is not only desirable, but also expected of corporations. The topic of this qualitative study is the conceptual and pragmatic links of Intercultural Relations and Corporate Social Responsibility. This research focused on an identified informational gap in social responsibility literature and investigated the possible impact of culture and intercultural competence on Corporate Social Responsibility work. The scope of this investigation was purposeful and selective; a well-rounded group of professional Corporate Social Responsibility practitioners contributed to the research. At the end of this research it was determined that in order for social responsibility efforts to be reciprocal, inclusive, and effective, it would be beneficial to consider Intercultural Relations and develop intercultural competence.