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An experimental study of the effects of personal proximity upon selected aspects of conversational contentLoewen, Ronna S. 01 September 1969 (has links)
Proxemics is an area of study devoted to the interrelated theories of man's use of space as a special elaboration of culture. Edward T. Hall, an anthropologist, has begun to draw these theories together in his work dealing with proxemics. It is the purpose of this study to determine whether certain dimensions of interpersonal conversations vary with the distance between the conversants. Three distances were used as experimental variables. Intimate distance was set at nine inches, personal distance at three feet, nine inches, and social distance at eight feet. A total of fifty-four subjects was used with nine pairs situated in each of the three distances. Conversations between dyads were tape recorded and subjected to content analysis. Eight categories were established to cover certain dimensions hypothesized to exist in interpersonal communication. Data from the content analysis were subjected to statistical interpretation with six out of eight hypotheses revealing significant differences. The hypotheses and principal findings are as follows: Hypothesis 1. Frequency of references to the speaking situation will vary with the distance variables. A significant difference was found. Intimate distance conversants referred least to the situation and social distance conversants referred most often to the situation. Personal distance subjects' references were closely allied with the expected frequency. Hypothesis 2. Time orientation as revealed by verb tense will vary with the distance variables. This hypothesis also revealed a significant difference. All subjects chose to use the present tense most often. Intimate and personal distance conversants preferred the future tense second and the past tense last. Subjects in social distance chose the past tense second and the future tense least. Hypothesis 3. Frequency of references to self and others will vary with the distance variables. No significant difference was found. Hypothesis 4. Total pause time will vary with the distance variable. Total pause time did not differ. Hypothesis 5. Signs of tension (such as laughing, coughing, sighing) will vary with the distance variables. A significant difference existed in this category. Intimate distance conversants revealed the most tension releases, social distance the second most, and personal distance the least. Hypothesis 6. Types of statements will vary with the distance variables ("asking" and "giving" information). A significant difference was found. Subjects placed at intimate distance gave and asked for the most information. Subjects in social distance ranked second in both "giving" and "asking" for information and personal distance subjects ranked third in both categories. Hypothesis 7. Frequency in changing the topic of conversation will vary with the distance variables. Different distances did affect the changes made in the topic of conversation with intimate distance deviating the most from the expected frequency and personal the least. Hypothesis 8. Frequency of short vocal reinforcements {such as "oh, " "really, " "huh") vary with the distance variabIes. A significant difference was found. Intimate and social distance conversants used the most reinforcements and personal the least. Some general conclusions can be made about the selected aspects of conversations within the three distances. Intimate distance might be observed to be most uncomfortable for subjects. More tension releases, changes in the topic of conversation, and vocal reinforcements existed than in the other distance conversations. The situation was seldom mentioned perhaps indicating avoidance. The most information passed between these subjects suggesting a rapid speaking rate and nervousness. Social distance also appeared to be less than comfortable for subjects by ranking second in several of the categories. Personal distance had the least vocal reinforcements, topic changes, references to the speaking situation and amount of "giving" and "asking" of information. It is concluded that personal distance is the most appropriate distance for casual conversation between two strangers placed in a situation encouraging verbal interaction.
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Walter's Rules for Getting ByBrogan, Patrick 13 March 2018 (has links)
This novella focuses on the lives of Walter, his mother Sabine, and his would-be love Bernadette. Walter is an awkward, unemployed thirty-year-old that still lives at home with his mother pressed into the pursuit of love by an obsession with romance novels. Walter is an outstanding cook and dishwasher but has no other notable talents. He eventually finds a job and manages to lose his virginity but changes little otherwise. The narrative is interested in the failures of family, love, and traditional societal expectations. It is interested in seeing and being seen. It is interested in a path around the conventional plot arc. Walter's Rules for Getting By wishes to disrupt the expected and the roles we often feel forced into.
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The role of friendship quality in mediating social comparison between friends /Gasiorek, Barbara M. January 1989 (has links)
No description available.
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Peaceful warriors : a case study in conflict resolution educationJacobson, Ann, University of Western Sydney, Nepean, Faculty of Education January 2000 (has links)
This case study began as a peer mediation program for a class of Year 4 students, implemented over an eighteen-month period as part of the Personal Development, Health and Physical Education syllabus. The program developed into a process that integrated skills development, an understanding of interpersonal interactions, emotional responses and self understanding. Using an action research model and analysis based in grounded theory it became an interactive, interpretative analysis of conflictual issues between student/student and student/teacher as together they explored a major psychological and philosophical issue, conflict resolution, on a local and personal level. This thesis seeks to authenticate the participants? attempts to change the way in which learning about conflict occurs, to change the ambience of the classroom and to develop a web of interrelationships that work towards a greater understanding of the problem area and ultimately of the wider social and cultural network in which we choose to li / Master of Education (Hons)
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Facilitation of sustainable co-operative processes in organisationsHunter , Dale, University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, Education and Social Sciences, School of Social Ecology and Lifelong Learning January 2003 (has links)
This thesis explores the quality and sustainability of facilitated co-operative processes in organisations, and the difficulties and opportunities associated with this way of working. Three complementary research methods have been used: a survey, an Internet dialogue and a co-operative inquiry of facilitators, managers and academics. The survey revealed that facilitators have diverse and sometimes contradictory approaches to their organisational work, co-operative processes are not easy to sustain within hierarchical organisations, and that facilitator ethics need clarification. The development of a Statement of Values and Code of Ethics by the International Association of Facilitators formed the content for the Internet dialogue part of this research. The co-operative inquiry highlighted that sustainable co-operation depends on embodied whole people connecting with love and compassion, and with the commitment and courage to speak their own truth and deeply engage with the collective wisdom of the group. It is shown that co-operative organisational forms, methods, processes, values and ethics are only part of what is needed to support co-operative endeavour. Underpinning all of these are ways of being that are learnt through modelling and mutually supportive interactions between persons in relationship. These ways of being need to be transmitted along with conceptual frameworks, processes and methods for ‘co-operacy’ to be sustainable in groups and organisations / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Relationship victimization and depressive symptoms in young adultsCrossett, Sarah E. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Psychology Department, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.
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The relationship between understanding the other's point of view and effectiveness in educational groupsJohnston, Brian. January 1978 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
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Angel of Tough Love and other storiesWells, Jerome B. 10 May 2000 (has links)
The overarching theme of these stories is the relationship
between love and hate, especially the connection
between kindness and violence.
In this fictional world, love often begets hate, and
hate, love: a man's capacity for empathy serves as the
catalyst for an act of brutality; a character's loneliness,
his desire for love, causes him to chivvy members of his
church congregation, while the same character's unambiguous
overtures of friendship produce revulsion in the narrator;
the victim of a man's complicity coaxes him to take a
beating that, in effect, heals him; and a sexual encounter,
violent in its impersonality, its objectification of a
woman, gives rise to a comment that awakens the abuser's
conscience as well as his regard for his victim.
One may undermine the other: in the story involving
sexual abuse, the woman treats the men lovingly, like
people, and in so doing erodes their ability to treat her as
something less than human; a character's habitual spite
finds its way into his marriage, damaging the most important
(and the only loving) relationship in his life.
And they sometimes exchange clothes: a man's attacks on
his neighbor and the neighbor's quest for revenge mimic a
courtship, are the beginnings of a relationship; the
character who hurts his wife does it by perverting an act of
love; friends and coworkers express affection by insulting
one another and by pretending to fight.
What is the point of this juxtaposition and mingling of
supposed opposites? To be honest, I'm not sure I know. I
wrote these stories without conscious intent, and gathered
them into the same collection accidentally: there were
others that didn't quite work, and which had nothing much to
do with amity and strife, that might have been included,
too, had they been better or more finished. Still, I, like
any other reader, can divine a few meanings.
With their frequent inversion and mingling of love and
hate, these stories might serve as one piece of evidence
that all things contain the kernel of their opposite. Given
the right circumstances--enough time, a narrative--they will
demonstrate affinity. This Hegelian interdependence of
opposites implies a correlary--narratives procede by dialectic:
love heads into hate, or hate into love, and the
synthesis of these two spawns a hybrid possessing bits of
its progenitors. "Angel of Tough Love" provides an example
of this sublation: boy's complicitous response to a beating
alienates him from himself--thesis; he accepts an invitation
to enter a crucible of hate and love, to do the opposite of
remaining a bystander--antithesis; he emerges whole and yet
changed, at peace for the first time--synthesis.
Another conclusion, one that does not contradict the
first: if love may lead to hate and hate to love, then the
value of each impulse and action depends on context. Fine
motives, however pure, might produce ghastly results if a
full understanding of circumstances, a broad and informed
point of view, is not present, too: perspective, point of
view, is seminal.
And yet--with the possible exception of those with
mystical gifts, who may rely on Dionysian rapture or its
equivalent to grant them views of entire causal chains--our
points of view are limited; we cannot know all the ramifications
of our actions. (And, at least in one sense, it seems
that we aren't supposed to know: a story hatched whole is
bound to be boring and, well, predictable.)
So we are left to examine our motives and anticipate
what consequences we can. It's not much, but it will have
to do. Love conquers all, sometimes. A kind word--or just
an honestly felt one--may change a mind or an afternoon, now
and then. We're all in the same dirt boat, heading somewhere,
so we might as well use the oars provided and hope
that our imaginations, incrementally, will point us in the
right direction. Some of the time, we may row in concert. / Graduation date: 2001
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Perceptions of reciprocity and relationship quality among elderly female nonkin peersMartin, Sally S. 11 June 1992 (has links)
There is increasing recognition of the importance of
older adults in providing support to and maintaining
relationships with their nonkin peers. Social trends, such
as smaller family size, may reduce the role of family
members and increase the importance of nonkin peers in
providing help to the elderly. Relationships with peers
have a greater influence on the well-being of the elderly
than do interactions with family members. The purpose of
this study was to examine the association of perceived
reciprocity of aid exchange and relationship quality among
elderly female nonkin peers from a social exchange
perspective. A review of the literature led to the
hypotheses that perceived reciprocity of instrumental,
social, and total aid exchange would have a curvilinear
association with relationship quality.
The volunteer sample of 62 women over 60 years of age
participated in interviews tapping help given and received,
demographic data, and relationship quality. Respondents
were more likely to be widowed and to have lower incomes
than the general population; the average respondent's health
was fair to good. A series of three polynomial regression
analyses were used to determine if perceptions of
reciprocity in aid exchange had a linear or curvilinear
association with relationship quality.
Data suggest that respondents perceived a greater
exchange of socioemotional than instrumental help and
reported giving more help than they received. The perceived
amount of help exchanged was low compared to other studies
while perceived relationship quality was relatively high.
Regardless of the operationalization of reciprocity as a
linear or a curvilinear term, perceived reciprocity among
older female nonkin peers was not helpful in explaining
variance in relationship quality. This lack of association
held for perceived reciprocity in instrumental,
socioemotional, and total help exchanged. Limitations in
the study and possible reasons for the nonsignificant
outcomes are addressed. / Graduation date: 1993
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The experience of Jewish-Christian couples in successful marriages /Matta, Gladys Vanessa. January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (Psy. D.)--Alliant International University, California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.
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