Background: This research study investigates the position of legal interpreting within the England and Wales’ criminal justice system, as well as the status of legal interpreters. This study has been carried out with nine categories of personnel within the criminal justice system, comprising of judges, lawyers, clerks to the justices, magistrates, probation officers, police officers, prison officers, immigration officers and immigration advisory service officers, 186 number in total. Methods: a qualitative method of enquiry is adopted with questionnaires sent to the above categories, which formed the basis of nine questions used in semi-structured interviews with 38 members from the above categories. The categories were not equally represented, depending on access. These interviews have been considered as the major method of investigation. Participant observation is used as an informal method of enquiry for deepening contextualisation of the study. Themes: four main themes have emerged. They are: culture and communication, role and contradictory role of the interpreter, the position of the interpreter and context of interpreting barriers. Findings: the practice of interpreting is misunderstood and undervalued. The interpreter is not considered as an active participant in the legal process. The role of the interpreter is viewed in terms of a mechanical one, since interpreters are expected to interpret word for word without seeking clarifications of unclear utterance or concept. Implications of the study: criminal justice personnel need a deeper understanding of the practice of interpreting and the diverse role of the interpreter. The study highlights the professional status of interpreters. Proposals have been put forward for improvements to the present situation through statutory recognition and protection of title.

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of English

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of English

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of English

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of English

鞠瑋婕. / "2011年9月". / "2011 nian 9 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-96). / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Ju Weijie. / Chapter 第一章： --- 翻譯研究：一個概念史的方法 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節、 --- 翻譯的角色：從被動到主動 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節、 --- 「基本概念」（Grundbegriffe) --- p.3 / Chapter 第三節、 --- 概念史方法應用於翻譯研究 --- p.6 / Chapter 第四節、 --- 本研究介紹 --- p.9 / Chapter 第二章： --- Citizen概念：翻譯史和接受史 --- p.21 / Chapter 第一節、 --- Citizen概念的翻譯史 --- p.21 / Chapter 第二節、 --- 接受史：「國民」與「公民」的接受比較 --- p.39 / Chapter 第三節、 --- 小結 --- p.40 / Chapter 第三章： --- 「國民」譯名的接受 --- p.42 / Chapter 第一節、 --- 「民」作為citizen譯名中心語的成功 --- p.42 / Chapter 第二節、 --- 傳統的「國」概念 --- p.49 / Chapter 第三節、 --- 與日本的相互影響 --- p.59 / Chapter 第四節、 --- 小結 --- p.65 / Chapter 第四章： --- 「公民」譯名的接受 --- p.67 / Chapter 第一節、 --- 傳統的「公」概念 --- p.68 / Chapter 第二節、 --- 小結 --- p.78 / Chapter 第五章： --- 結語 --- p.79 / 引用文獻 --- p.83

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Tartu Ülikool, 2006. / Includes bibliographical reference (p. 213-222).

Thesis (Th. M.)--Western Seminary, Portland, Or., 2001. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-192).

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Computer Science, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-45).

Habilitationsschrift--Mainz, 1974. / Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (p. 132-138).