yes / This systematic review of reviews aims to investigate how brief interventions (BIs) are defined, whether they increase physical activity, which factors influence their effectiveness, who they are effective for, and whether they are feasible and acceptable. We searched CINAHL, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, DARE, HTA database, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Science Citation Index-Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index, and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network from their inception until May 2015 to identify systematic reviews of the effectiveness of BIs aimed at promoting physical activity in adults, reporting a physical activity outcome and at least one BI that could be delivered in a primary care setting. A narrative synthesis was conducted. We identified three specific BI reviews and thirteen general reviews of physical activity interventions that met the inclusion criteria. The BI reviews reported varying definitions of BIs, only one of which specified a maximum duration of 30 min. BIs can increase self-reported physical activity in the short term, but there is insufficient evidence about their long-term impact, their impact on objectively measured physical activity, and about the factors that influence their effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability. Current definitions include BIs that are too long for primary care consultations. Practitioners, commissioners and policy makers should be aware of this when interpreting evidence about BIs, and future research should develop and evaluate very brief interventions (of 5 min or less) that could be delivered in a primary care consultation. / Citation sent on from Donna. Emailed Laura Lamming for final draft 16/03/2017 -sm

The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers’ level of autonomy in a Response-to-Intervention (RTI) model school system and with delivering a Tier 2 reading intervention, as well as, to understand teachers’ perception of student response to the adapted reading materials. Qualitative data collection involved individual teacher interview, observations, post-intervention survey, and a focus group. Teachers selected reading materials that focused on sight word learning to adapt to fit student need and then delivered the intervention for six weeks. Quantitative data were the students’ progress monitoring scores of sight words learned and overall oral reading fluency rate. Results showed that each teacher adapted the materials differently, and that intervention practicality and elements of the current educational structure affect teacher autonomy. While specific elements can play into intervention practicality, it is truly difficult to analyze an intervention separate from the system in which it is being delivered. Teachers defined intervention practicality as ease of delivery, while additionally defining elements of district operations and governing forces of the system, as broader themes that placed control over their instructional practice, thus restricting autonomy. Implications for practice and future research encompass ways to empower teachers to build autonomy and ways to create teacher involvement during system-level change.

Alzheimer's disease is a form of dementia associated with disturbing and disruptive behaviors that account for many negative health and well-being outcomes, including declines in functional status, social engagement, and physical activity (Lyketsos, 2007). These behavioral consequences diminish patients' quality of life (QoL) and increase caregiver burden and the cost of care, often ultimately necessitating that patients be placed in a nursing home (Murman and Colenda, 2005). Nature can profoundly affect people's health, well-being, and QoL; indeed, it is an old concept that the healing properties of nature can be used therapeutically. Accordingly, naturally restorative environmental (NRE) interventions stimulate one or more of the senses using natural things: elements of the earth that are living and animate, geographic, or solar and climatic (Gibson, Chalfont, Clarke, Torrington, and Sixsmith, 2007). For persons with dementia, interventions that incorporate NRE elements have demonstrated a variety of benefits, including decreased agitation; less use of psychotropic drugs); normalization of the circadian rhythm; and enhanced sociability, affect, cognitive capacity, and attention (Detweiler, Murphy, Kim, Meyers, and Ashai, 2009; Colenda, Cohen, McCall, and Rosenquist, 1997; LeGrace, 2002). Self-reported improvements in well-being, quality of life, and participation in meaningful activities have also been documented (Collins and O'Callaghan, 2008; Duggan, Blackman, Martyr, and Van Schaik, 2008; Nowak and Davis, 2011). Thus, NREs provide caregivers potential options for addressing physical, spiritual, psychological, and social needs, while at the same time, affecting behavioral responses. These widespread benefits justify further investigation and clarification. Despite the rich potential of NRE interventions for treating dementia, the research to support NRE use has not been synthesized and defined in terms of specific behaviors that may be affected, their dosage, the optimal NRE settings, and other specific characteristics. Further research is needed to develop the most effective interventions. The purpose of this dissertation is to produce a comprehensive meta-analysis of the studies, both published and unpublished, that detail the use of NRE in interventions for behaviors and QoL in dementia care. A meta-regression was conducted of moderator variables to guide development of NRE interventions for dementia care. Additionally, the characteristics of different types of programs were synthesized. Data from thirty three articles were pooled for effect size (ES) estimates on two outcomes: disruptive behaviors and quality of life. In two-group comparisons, treatment and control, an ES = 0.484 + .138, k= 17, CI (0.215, 0.745) favored the interpretation that disruptive behaviors were attenuated with NRE interventions. Findings were higher in single, pre- post-test design studies, with an ES= 0.758+ 0.109. k= 7, CI (0.544, 0.973) for diminishing disruptive behaviors. In the two-group comparisons assessing the quality of life outcome, the ES= 0.579 + 0.171, k= 10, CI (0.243, 0.915); for single group designs, the ES= 1.347+ 0.256, k=7, CI (0.020, 0.719). Thus both design analyses indicated improved measures of QoL for persons with dementia. Moderator analysis by type of NRE, two-group design, showed statistically significant lessening in disruptive behaviors using aromatherapy, but not bright light or horticulture therapy. Better QoL was shown independently by the moderators, aromatherapy and horticulture therapy, but not bright light therapy. When single group analysis was done for each type of NRE, they all independently showed significance for both behaviors and QoL; except there were no single group designs in AT or BLT. Despite the considerable heterogeneity of the interventions, individual moderators all showed potential benefits, in a variety of settings, and in different contexts.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between mindful eating and eating pathology. This was accomplished by using two measures, the Eating Disorder Inventory, Third Edition (EDI-3), and the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ). Participants included in this study were 134 students from a midsized mid-south university who were asked to complete a demographics measure, EDI-3, and MEQ. Only three scales from the EDI-3 were considered; Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, and Body Dissatisfaction. Combined they provide an Eating Disorder Risk Composite (EDRC) score. Results indicated that there was no significant relationship between the MEQ overall score and the EDRC score, which implies that there is no relationship between mindful eating and eating pathology, specifically eating disorder risk. Additional analyses revealed significant negative correlations between the Awareness, Disinhibition, and Emotional Response subscales of the MEQ and the EDRC score. This study contributes to the limited research on the relationship between mindful eating and eating pathology. Results from this study indicate that the specific aforementioned factors have a greater impact on eating pathology when compared to the overall concept of mindfulness.

<p>Motivation deficits remain an unmet treatment need in schizophrenia. Recent preclinical research has identified novel mechanisms underlying motivation deficits, namely impaired effort-cost computations and reduced future reward-value representation maintenance, that may serve as more effective treatment targets to improve motivation. The main aim of this study was to test the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a translational mechanism-based intervention, MEMS (Mobile Enhancement of Motivation in Schizophrenia), which leverages mobile technology to target these mechanisms with text-messages. Fifty-six participants with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder were randomized to MEMS (<i>n</i> = 27) or a control condition (<i>n</i> = 29). All participants set recovery goals to complete over eight-weeks. The MEMS group also received personalized, interactive text-messages each weekday to support motivation. Retention and engagement in MEMS was high: 92.6% completed 8 weeks of MEMS, with an 86.1% text-message response rate, and 100% reported that they were satisfied with the text-messages. Compared to the control condition, the MEMS group had significantly greater improvements in interviewer-rated motivation and anticipatory pleasure and obtained significantly more recovery-oriented goals at the end of the 8-week period. There were no significant group differences in performance-based effort-cost computations and future reward-value representations, self-reported motivation, quality of life, functioning, or additional secondary outcomes of positive symptoms, mood symptoms, or neurocognition. Results suggest that MEMS is feasible as a relatively brief, low-intensity mobile intervention that could effectively improve interviewer-rated motivation, anticipatory pleasure, and recovery goal attainment in those with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. </p>

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to explore methods of effective treatment interventions for victims of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking (DMST) from the viewpoint of practitioners. Although risk factors are present the secretive nature of the DMST population make victims difficult to identify. The sensitivity of the trauma victims experience also make it difficult to determine effective interventions to utilize for treatment of this population. This study seeks to gain the perspectives of practitioners who work with the DMST population in order to overcome these barriers. This study utilizes a qualitative design in which 10 practitioners were interviewed to determine effective methods of intervention. In doing so risk factors for identification, psychological impact of victimization and various interventions were highlighted to determine the most frequently used and most effective methods of intervention. Findings of the study indicate sexual abuse, homelessness, vulnerability, physical abuse and neglect as risk factors directly related to victimization. Findings of the study also indicate CBT, trauma focused and interpersonal psychotherapy as effective methods of intervention. The implementation of training programs specifically tailored to the DMST population is a necessary solution to bring awareness to DMST, assist in the identification of risk factors to prevent victimization and identify effective interventions for victims.

This research project aims to identify and acknowledge the various non-pharmacological interventions and treatments for both children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. This review will highlight the non-pharmacological interventions that are discussed in current research, the significance and potential impact it has on the field of social work, and the way in which this research proposal will be conducted. ADHD is a commonly known neurodevelopmental disorder that is often seen within children and adolescents. ADHD can be treated through prescription medication, non-pharmacological interventions, or a combination of both. Research indicates that non-pharmacological treatments/interventions have shown positive side effects or outcomes within children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. The data and research used for this research proposal will focus on current literature that discuss the various types of non-pharmacological interventions. In regards to the field of social work, this study will provide an insight to more holistic approach for social work practice rather than a pharmaceutical/medical one.

The infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in the home setting requires a critical nursing assessment and interventions aimed at managing and preventing the escalation of adverse events. Some patients experience side effects that necessitate a rapid response by field nurses, requiring standing orders for nursing administration and the availability of essential medications to alleviate symptoms in the patient's home. The clinical practice issue was that the home health agency did not have a uniform clinical practice nursing guideline to assist field nurses in providing rapid responses for managing infusion-related reactions. The purpose of this project was to develop an evidence-based clinical practice guideline using standing orders for the comprehensive management of immunoglobulin side effects in the patient's home. The practice-focused question centered on whether the use of a nursing practice guideline based on interprofessional collaboration could manage the side effects of patients in the home by decreasing the use of emergent care and improved quality of care for those patients susceptible to significant side effects. An interdisciplinary expert panel experience in IVIG l used Newman's system theory and the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance framework for interprofessional collaboration in developing a clinical nursing guideline with a standing order for rating side effects. Panelists used the appraisal of guidelines, research, and evaluation II tool to appraise the evidence for the guideline. The use of clinical guideline with standing orders to address the needs of patients in the home setting may lead to positive social change by enabling more rapid management of symptoms, more effective care in the home, and improved patient outcomes

A descriptive, phenomenological research design was used to gain a deeper understanding of the nature and meaning of couples’ experiences as they made the transition to parenthood. Specifically, this study examined what is the lived experience of couples making the transition to parenthood and what meaning do they ascribed to the experience of brief, couple-focused, preventative interventions? Five couples who were expecting their first baby participated in this study. From the data provided, two major categories emerged. The first was the couples’ experiences with becoming new parents and the second was the couples’ experiences with therapy. Under the first category, five major themes emerged: (1) physical and emotional challenges, (2) bonding with baby, (3) satisfaction in roles and new identity, (4) impact of social support, and (5) stability of relationship satisfaction. Three themes were discovered under the category related to the couples’ experience with therapy: (1) facilitated communication, (2) stress management, and (3) preparation for the transition. This study concluded by discussing the essence of the phenomenon of couples’ experiences with the transition to parenthood and the meaning they ascribed to therapeutic interventions along with clinical implications of these findings.

This study was an effort to replicate and extend findings from our previous research, which suggested that the efficacy of tailored messages is influenced by high levels of content personalization within the message and by individuals trait expectancies about tailored interventions. We tested whether tailoring-related expectancies regarding smoking-cessation booklets could be altered via a brief expectancy-priming intervention, and whether this would enhance the impact of the cessation materials. A 2x2 factorial design crossed personalization level and expectancy priming on evaluation of the intervention content, readiness to quit smoking, cessation self-efficacy, cognitive processing, and progress towards quitting. Smokers (N = 205) were randomized to one of four cells in which they received a highly personalized (placebo tailored) or standard intervention. Participants in the priming conditions received a pre-intervention letter to enhance their expectations for either standard or tailored interventions. Post-priming expectancies were assessed 7-10 days later, and intervention booklets were subsequently mailed. Results demonstrated main effects of personalization on content evaluation, readiness to quit, cognitive processing, and behavioral progress towards quitting. That is, the personalized booklets were more efficacious than the standard booklets. A priming by personalization interaction on tailoring-related expectancies indicated that the expectancy manipulation was effective, and priming main effects were found for content evaluation, readiness to quit, and cognitive processing. Thus, enhancing smokers’ expectancies about their materials improved participants’ perceptions of the intervention and strengthened outcomes. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.