This thesis explores the interrelatedness of anarchism and intoxication in Walter Benjamin’s 1929 article, ‘Surrealism: The last snapshot of the European Intelligentsia’. Responding to Marxist understandings of the ‘Surrealism’ article, this thesis contributes to a position put forth by Gershom Scholem regarding Benjamin’s later writings: that anarchism remains a distinct and alternative path in Benjamin’s thought, a path indebted to a youthful engagement with anarchist ideas. Utilising this understanding of anarchism in Benjamin’s later writings, it is argued that a positive understanding of anarchism in Benjamin’s ‘Surrealism’ article is discernible, and it exists in the ambiguous subordination of both anarchism and intoxication before that of Benjamin’s avowedly Marxist position, as expressed in the idea of profane illumination. / It is thus considered how a positive understanding of anarchism and intoxication in Benjamin’s ‘Surrealism’ article is evident not from the perspective of the article’s conclusions, but from the ambiguities of these conclusions. These tensions are further emphasised in focusing upon the temporal discontinuities of Benjamin’s work and the discordant ordering of his writings. Focusing specifically on Benjamin’s childhood remembrances, written after the publication of his ‘Surrealism’ article, it is to be considered how these remembrances, or “images” grant a positive status for Benjamin’s youthful concerns, a point with demonstrable connections to both anarchism and intoxication. These youthful “images” are understood as offering a new trajectory or pathway in readings of Benjamin’s ‘Surrealism’ article, wherein anarchism together with intoxication a represented as an alternative path unbound from their tense subordination beneath Marxism and the profane illumination. In contemplation of this alternative path, concluding remarks engage with the lineaments of a potential “anarchic illumination.” And, as with Benjamin’s “images” of childhood, these potentialities are to be found in those of Benjamin’s earlier writings that profess a sympathetic portrayal of anarchism and intoxication.

Thèses (M.Sc.)--Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 2001. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 20 juin 2006). Publié aussi en version papier.

Dissertation (Ph.D.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2006. / Vita. Bibliography: pp. 193-208.

Thèse--Méd.--Reims, 1974. N°: N° 46. / Bibliogr. ff. I-XXXI.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:41:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 camplesi_ac_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 1535535 bytes, checksum: 282f08aabaf70f1006455025035703e8 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O uso de antiinflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs) aumentou significativamente na clínica médica de pequenos animais após a descoberta de AINEs seletivos, e isso resultou em uma elevação da incidência de intoxicações por estes medicamentos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a histologia e o índice apoptótico hepático, níveis de citocinas séricas e fibrinogênio plasmático nos ratos tratados com diclofenaco, meloxicam e firocoxibe. Utilizaram-se 90 animais que foram divididos em seis grupos de 15 animais cada: G1 - controle: 0,3mL/100g de solução fisiológica; G2 - diclofenaco de sódio: 15mg/kg; G3 – meloxicam: 2mg/kg; G4 – meloxicam: 10mg/kg; G5 – firocoxibe: 5mg/kg; G6 – firocoxibe: 25mg/kg. A medicação foi realizada por meio de gavage, a cada 24 horas, por cinco dias. Após a eutanásia dos ratos, foram colhidos materiais para dosagens de fibrinogênio e citocinas, análise histopatológica e de apoptose hepática. Os ratos tratados com diclofenaco, meloxicam e firocoxibe não apresentaram diferença estatística em relação aos índices apoptóticos hepáticos. A concentração sérica de TNF- foi semelhante em todos os grupos avaliados, e a IL-10 foi maior nos grupos tratados com os AINEs quando comparada ao grupo de solução fisiológica. O fibrinogênio plasmático elevou-se nos ratos tratados com diclofenaco e com meloxicam. As alterações histopatológicas foram mais frequentemente observadas nos animais que receberam diclofenaco e alterações leves, com o uso de meloxicam e firocoxibe. O meloxicam e o firocoxibe foram considerados AINEs seguros, pois não causaram alterações significativas nos ratos tratados com a dose recomendada e discreto grau de toxicidade no grupo tratado com cinco vezes a dosagem / The employ of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increased significantly in medical clinic of small animals after the discovery of NSAID selected and this effected in an increase of times of intoxications by these medicines. The present study aims to evaluate the histology and the hepatic apoptotic index, quantify serum dosage of cytokines and plasmatic fibrinogen in rats deal with diclofenac, meloxicam and firocoxibe. It were used 90 animals which they’re divided in six groups with 15 animals each one. G1- control: 0.3mL/100g physiologic solution; G2- diclofenac: 15mg/kg (positive control); G3- meloxicam: 2mg/kg; G4- meloxicam: 10mg/kg; G5- firocoxib: 05mg/kg; G6- firocoxib: 25mg/kg. Medication was administered though gavage every 24 hours by five days. After euthanasia of these rats, were cropped materials to dosing of fibrinogen, cytokines, hipathology and hepatic apoptosis. The rats which were under care with diclofenac, meloxicam and firocoxibe didn’t show difference statistics in report to the hepatic apoptotic index. TNF- serum concentration was similar to all groups and IL-10 concentration was higher on the groups which were under care with the AINEs when were compared with the group of physiological solution. The plasma fibrinogen is elevated in rats treated with diclofenac and meloxicam. The most frequency histopathological changes were observed in animals that received diclofenac and mild changes, with the use of meloxicam and firocoxib. Meloxicam and firocoxib cam be considered NSAIDs safe, because they didn’t cause significatives alterations in the rats treated with the recommended dose and a slight degree of toxicity in the group treated with five times the dosage

Uma das classes químicas de herbicidas que merece particular atenção é a dos bipiridílicos, representada pelo paraquat e diquat. Atualmente, muitos países têm banido ou restringido o uso destes herbicidas devido à grande quantidade de casos de intoxicação acidental, suicídio e envenenamento (tentativa de homicídio) ocorridos no passado. Em contrapartida, o paraquat ainda é bastante utilizado em cerca de 130 nações, com prevalência em países subdesenvolvidos ou em vias de desenvolvimento. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo e o desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos semi-quantitativo e quantitativo em amostras biológicas (plasma e urina) e aplicação no diagnóstico e investigação da intoxicação aguda por paraquat e diquat. Análises semi-quantitativas de triagem foram realizadas pela técnica enzimática-colorimétrica. Análises confirmatórias foram realizadas pela técnica de cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (GC-MS). Após o desenvolvimento e validação dos métodos, as análises foram aplicadas em amostras de pacientes suspeitos de intoxicação aguda por paraquat/diquat atendidos no Hospital Regional do Vale do Ribeira (Pariquera-Açu) e no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (SP). Foram avaliadas a efetividade do teste rápido semi-quantitativo e a correlação das concentrações plasmáticas e urinárias do paraquat/diquat obtidas com o método por GC-MS com o grau de intoxicação e o prognóstico de sobrevida dos pacientes após o diagnóstico e tratamento. / One of the chemical classes of herbicides that deserve particular attention is that of bipyridyl, represented by paraquat and diquat. Currently, many countries have banned or restricted these herbicides since large number of accidental intoxication, poisoning and suicide attempt cases occurred in the past. In spite of this, paraquat is still used in more than 130 countries, with prevalence in developing countries. The aim of this work was the study and the development of a screening test and a quantitative analytical method in biological samples (plasma and urine) and their application in diagnosis and prognosis of acute paraquat and diquat intoxication. Semi-quantitative analyses were performed by an enzymatic-colorimetric technique. Confirmatory analyses were performed by a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method. After the development and the validation of both methods, analyses were applied to samples from patients suspected of acute paraquat/diquat poisoning attended in Hospital Regional do Vale do Ribeira (Pariquera-Açu) and Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (SP). In this present paper, we also evaluated the effectiveness of the rapid test and the correlation of paraquat/diquat plasma and urinary concentrations obtained with the GC-MS method with the degree of intoxication and prognosis of survival of patients after diagnosis and treatment.

It is generally accepted that alcohol impairs haemodynamic physiology in normal subjects. Alcohol is also thought to have a detrimental effect in shock states. However, most research has concentrated on haemorrhagic shock, whereas in cardiac tamponade, the pathophysiology of shock is very different. Although some studies have mentioned alcohol as a negative factor in patients with cardiac tamponade, none have adequately assessed its effect. In a clinical study of 50 patients who presented to Groote Schuur Hospital Trauma Unit with acute cardiac tamponade due to penetrating chest injury, those who were intoxicated fared the same as their sober counterparts. Although more patients in the intoxicated group were "moribund" or "in extremis" on admission, this did not lead to a higher overall mortality. Haemodynamic parameters and results of special investigations in the two groups were also similar. These findings suggested that intoxicated patients with cardiogenic shock, specifically acute cardiac tamponade, behaved differently from intoxicated patients with haemorrhagic shock. However, the multitude of variables and the stress involved in treating patients with life-threatening acute conditions, makes studies such as this difficult. Because of these limitations, an animal model of acute cardiac tamponade was developed, so that actions of alcohol on haemodynamic physiology could be studied in a controlled environment. Fourteen young pigs were randomly assigned to receive either 30% alcohol or tap-water via a gastrostomy. The former resulted in blood alcohol levels which were compatible with moderate to severe intoxication. Cardiac tamponade was then induced by instilling warmed plasmalyte-8 into the pericardia! sac using a pressure-cycled system. Despite the fact that animals in the tamponade/alcohol group were more hypotensive, and reflex increase in heart rate was inhibited, cardiac output was similar in the two groups. The actions of alcohol in isolation were also studied in eight sham-operated pigs. The only noticeable effect in this instance were higher pulmonary artery wedge pressures in the sham/non-alcohol group. In other words, cardiac performance in both the tamponade/alcohol and sham/alcohol groups was at least equal to, or even better than that in animals that did not receive alcohol. It would seem therefore, that alcohol does not have a negative effect on haemodynamic physiology of acute cardiac tamponade. Theoretically, alcohol may "protect" patients with acute cardiac tamponade by decreasing peripheral vascular resistance and "afterload". It is also possible that inhibitory actions on the respiratory centre may prevent hyperpnoea or tachypnoea, and thereby diminish competitive filling of the right and left ventricles. However, further studies of cardiac function in intoxicated subjects with tamponade using more sophisticated techniques are necessary, before mechanisms will become apparent. In practice, an aggressive approach should be adopted towards moribund patients with penetrating chest injuries; if they have acute cardiac tamponade and are intoxicated, their prognosis is not necessarily dismal. This is of particular relevance in Cape Town, where both alcohol abuse and assault are endemic. As for a therapeutic effect of alcohol, these studies do not support its use for pharmacological manipulation of cardiac tamponade.

Thèse d'exercice : Médecine. Médecine générale : Paris 12 : 2007. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. 49 f. : ill. Bibliogr. f. 43-49.

Reproduction de : Thèse d' exercice : Médecine générale : Nancy 1 : 2002. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

La littérature « stupéfiante » apparaît à travers les substances addictives prises par les poètes dès le milieu du XIXe siècle ; cela permet une nouvelle forme d’écriture liée à la drogue. Celle-ci apparaît alors aux yeux des aliénistes, des psychologues, mais aussi des artistes, comme un véritable instrument d'exploration mentale. Entre 1870 et 1914, dans le roman réaliste et naturaliste, les comportements addictifs et obsessionnels chez les personnages de fiction prennent une importance spécifique. L’aspect de la dépendance à une substance ou à un objet devient un sujet littéraire mais voué à une description précise de phénomènes mentaux. La dépendance est définie comme la répétition d'actes censés procurer du plaisir par l'intermédiaire d'un objet matériel ou d'une situation, recherchés et consommés avec avidité. Nous traiterons dans cette thèse l’addiction aux produits psycho-actifs en vogue à l’époque : l’alcool, la morphine, le haschisch, l’opium et l’éther. L’invention romanesque à visée scientifique a pour but de montrer ou démontrer des faits de manière réaliste afin d’informer, d’avertir ou de théoriser à travers une apparence artistique plaisante. Néanmoins, l’écrivain naturaliste veille a rester dans l’axe du concret sans jamais pervertir son roman de données non vérifiées, d’extrapolations, d’exubérances qui ne permettraient alors plus à son texte d’être crédible. Face aux théories médicales et à l’étiologie de la dépendance, les auteurs utilisent leur imagination pour décrire des phénomènes médicaux d’intoxication et de dépendance à des substances. [etc.] / The addictive literature appears through addictive substances taken by poets in the middle of the 19th century; it allows a new dimension of writing influenced by drugs. This appears not only in psychiatrists and psychologists but also to artists as a real instrument of mental exploration. Between 1870 and 1914, in the realist and naturalist novel, the addictive and obsessional behavior of fictional characters has significant importance. The aspect of specific dependence to a substance or to an object becomes a literary subject but is dedicated to a specific description of mental phenomena. Dependence is defined as the repetition of certain behavior in order to get some pleasure from a material object or a situation, desired and consumed with greed. We will restrict ourselves in this thesis to work on the addiction of substances at that time: alcohol, morphine, hashish, opium and ether. Fictional invention with scientific intent shows or demonstrates facts in a realistic way in order to inform, warn or theorize by giving a pleasant and artistic appearance. However, the naturalistic author has to stay within the realms of reality without ever corrupting his novel with unchecked information, exaggeration, exuberances which would prevent the text from being credible. Confronted by medical theories and the etiology of dependence, the authors use their imagination to describe the medical phenomena of poisoning and dependence on psychoactive products. [etc.]