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Акватични коридори биљних инвазија у Србији / Akvatični koridori biljnih invazija u Srbiji / Aquatic corridors of plant invasions in SerbiaAnđelković Ana 25 September 2019 (has links)
<p>Имајући у виду значај површинских вода у продору и ширењу страних инвазивних врста, циљеви овог рада били су да се представи актуелно стање присуства и дистрибуције акватичних инвазивних биљних врста у површинским копненим водама, анализира степен инвазије рипаријалних зона на подручју Србије, одреди везаност анализираних инвазивних<br />врста за поједине типове станишта у рипаријалу река и канала и анализира утицај различитих станишних и антропогених фактора на присуство и абунданцу 26 одабраних инвазивних таксона. Теренска истраживања вршена су у периоду од 2013. до 2016. године. За потребе овог рада анализирано је 250 локалитета, од чега 217 у рипаријалу 39 река и 33 у рипаријалу шест<br />деоница канала хидросистема Дунав-Тиса-Дунав. Уз податке о бројности и<br />покровности заступљених биљних врста, сакупљани су и подаци о типу станишта (у складу са EUNIS класификацијом), релевантним физичким и<br />хидроморфолошким карактеристикама истраживаних водотокова и доминантним антропогеним утицајима на истраживаном локалитету (у складу са стандардним протоколом RHS методе). Статистичка обрада података вршена је у софтверу CANOCO 5.0, применом анализе главних компоненти (РСА), канонијскe коресподентнe анализе (CCA) и анализе редундантности (RDA). На територији Србије забележено је присуство осам акватичних инвазивних биљних врстаПрема броју налаза истичу се врсте Vallisneria spiralis, Azolla filiculoides и Elodea nuttallii. Примарно су заступљене у текућим,<br />у односу на стајаће воде, при чему се мрежа канала ХС ДТД и речни токови који припадају сливу Дунава могу сматрати основним акватичним коридорима њиховог ширења. Од 26 таксона инвазивних биљака чије је присуство праћено и анализирано у рипаријалним подручјима, таксони са<br />највећим бројем налаза су <em> Xanthium strumarium</em> subsp. <em>italicum, Amorpha</em> <em>fruticosa, Erigeron canadensis, Robinia pseudoacacia и Echinochloa crus-galli.</em> Речни сливови Дунава, Јужне Мораве, Западне Мораве и Тимока истичу се по заступљености истраживаних таксона. На основу података о дистрибуцији, бројности и покровности анализираних таксона сливови Дунава, Колубаре и Западне Мораве издвојили су се као коридори ширења највећег броја<br />истраживаних таксона. Четири типа станишта издвојила су се према<br />заступљености инвазивних биљних врста. Таксони који су забележени у највећем броју типова станишта су: <em>Amorpha fruticosa, Erigeron canadensis, </em> <em>Robinia pseudoacacia, Echinochloa crus-galli </em> и <em>Xanthium strumarium subsp</em>. <em>italicum.</em> Као резултат нумеричких анализа издвојени су физички и<br />хидроморфолошки параметри истраживаних водотокова и доминантни антропогени утицаји који на истраживаном локалитетима утичу на присуство и абунданцу анализираних таксона. У условима глобалних климатских промена може се очекивати да ће се у наредном периоду под снажним притиском ширења и доминације инвазивних врста наћи сливови Саве, Велике Мораве и Јужне Мораве. У рипаријалним областима на југозападу наше земље (долине Лима, Ибра и њихових притока) као и рипаријалним зонама планинских и високопланинских области такође је очекивано да ће доћи до повећања броја присутних инвазивних врста и њиховог даљег ширења.</p> / <p>Imajući u vidu značaj površinskih voda u prodoru i širenju stranih invazivnih vrsta, ciljevi ovog rada bili su da se predstavi aktuelno stanje prisustva i distribucije akvatičnih invazivnih biljnih vrsta u površinskim kopnenim vodama, analizira stepen invazije riparijalnih zona na području Srbije, odredi vezanost analiziranih invazivnih<br />vrsta za pojedine tipove staništa u riparijalu reka i kanala i analizira uticaj različitih stanišnih i antropogenih faktora na prisustvo i abundancu 26 odabranih invazivnih taksona. Terenska istraživanja vršena su u periodu od 2013. do 2016. godine. Za potrebe ovog rada analizirano je 250 lokaliteta, od čega 217 u riparijalu 39 reka i 33 u riparijalu šest<br />deonica kanala hidrosistema Dunav-Tisa-Dunav. Uz podatke o brojnosti i<br />pokrovnosti zastupljenih biljnih vrsta, sakupljani su i podaci o tipu staništa (u skladu sa EUNIS klasifikacijom), relevantnim fizičkim i<br />hidromorfološkim karakteristikama istraživanih vodotokova i dominantnim antropogenim uticajima na istraživanom lokalitetu (u skladu sa standardnim protokolom RHS metode). Statistička obrada podataka vršena je u softveru CANOCO 5.0, primenom analize glavnih komponenti (RSA), kanonijske korespodentne analize (CCA) i analize redundantnosti (RDA). Na teritoriji Srbije zabeleženo je prisustvo osam akvatičnih invazivnih biljnih vrstaPrema broju nalaza ističu se vrste Vallisneria spiralis, Azolla filiculoides i Elodea nuttallii. Primarno su zastupljene u tekućim,<br />u odnosu na stajaće vode, pri čemu se mreža kanala HS DTD i rečni tokovi koji pripadaju slivu Dunava mogu smatrati osnovnim akvatičnim koridorima njihovog širenja. Od 26 taksona invazivnih biljaka čije je prisustvo praćeno i analizirano u riparijalnim područjima, taksoni sa<br />najvećim brojem nalaza su <em> Xanthium strumarium</em> subsp. <em>italicum, Amorpha</em> <em>fruticosa, Erigeron canadensis, Robinia pseudoacacia i Echinochloa crus-galli.</em> Rečni slivovi Dunava, Južne Morave, Zapadne Morave i Timoka ističu se po zastupljenosti istraživanih taksona. Na osnovu podataka o distribuciji, brojnosti i pokrovnosti analiziranih taksona slivovi Dunava, Kolubare i Zapadne Morave izdvojili su se kao koridori širenja najvećeg broja<br />istraživanih taksona. Četiri tipa staništa izdvojila su se prema<br />zastupljenosti invazivnih biljnih vrsta. Taksoni koji su zabeleženi u najvećem broju tipova staništa su: <em>Amorpha fruticosa, Erigeron canadensis, </em> <em>Robinia pseudoacacia, Echinochloa crus-galli </em> i <em>Xanthium strumarium subsp</em>. <em>italicum.</em> Kao rezultat numeričkih analiza izdvojeni su fizički i<br />hidromorfološki parametri istraživanih vodotokova i dominantni antropogeni uticaji koji na istraživanom lokalitetima utiču na prisustvo i abundancu analiziranih taksona. U uslovima globalnih klimatskih promena može se očekivati da će se u narednom periodu pod snažnim pritiskom širenja i dominacije invazivnih vrsta naći slivovi Save, Velike Morave i Južne Morave. U riparijalnim oblastima na jugozapadu naše zemlje (doline Lima, Ibra i njihovih pritoka) kao i riparijalnim zonama planinskih i visokoplaninskih oblasti takođe je očekivano da će doći do povećanja broja prisutnih invazivnih vrsta i njihovog daljeg širenja.</p> / <p>Bearing in mind the significance of inland surface waters for the introduction and spread of invasive alien species (IAS), the aims of this research were to present the contemporary records of aquatic invasive plant species in surface waters, analyse the level of invasion of riparian areas in Serbia, determine the habitat preferences of the analysed IAS and determine the effects of different habitat characteristics and anthropogenic influences on the presence and bundance of the 26 analysed invasive plants. Field research was conducted during the 2013-2016 period. A total of 250 field sites were analysed as part of this research, 217 in the riparian zones of 39 rivers and 33 in the riparian zones of six canal sections of the hydrosystem Danube-Tisa-Danube (HS DTD). In addition to data on the cover and abundance of the analysed plant species, data on habitat type (following the EUNIS classification), relevant physical and hydromorhological parameters of the studied watercourses and dominant anthropogenic influences an analysed field sites were recorded (following the standard RHS protocol). Statistical data analysis was done in CANOCO 5.0 software, using the principal component analysis (PCA), canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA). Eight aquatic invasive plant species were recorded for the territory of Serbia. Species with the highest number of records were: Vallisneria spiralis, Azolla filiculoides and Elodea nuttallii. They are primarily present in running, in comparison with standing waters, and the canal network of the HS DTD and rivers of the Danube catchment area are considered to be their main aquatic corridor of spread. Of the 26 invasive plant taxa whose presence was recorded and analysed in the riparian areas of Serbia,Xanthium strumarium subsp. italicum, Amorpha fruticosa, Erigeron canadensis, Robinia pseudoacacia and Echinochloa crus- galli were taxa with the highest number of records.Catchment areas of the Danube, Južna Morava, Zapadna Morava and Timok rivers were characterised by the highest levels of invasion. Based on their distribution data, cover and abundance of the analysed taxa, catchment areas of the Danube, Kolubara and Zapadna Morava rivers are highlighted as the main corridors of spread for the majority of the studied IAS. Four habitat types stand out by the number of analysed IAS. Taxa which were recorded in the highest number of habitat types are: Amorpha fruticosa, Erigeron canadensis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Echinochloa crus-galli and Xanthium strumarium subsp. italicum. A number of physical and hydromorphological parameters and dominant anthropogenic influences of the studied field sites were shown to affect the presence and abundance of the studied invasive plants. The catchment areas of the Sava, Velika Morava and Južna Morava rivers are excpected to be under a strong pressure of the spread and dominance of IAS unnder the conditions of global climate changes. Riparian areas in the southwestern parts of Serbia (valleys of Lim and Ibar rivers and their tributaries) and riparian zones in the mountain and high- mountain areas are also expected to experience an increase in the number of invasive species and their spread rates.</p>
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Control of invasive alien plant species at Wolkberg Project in Limpopo ProvinceMatsila, Sydwell Nyadzani 21 September 2018 (has links)
MESMEG / Department of Ecology and Resource Management / Invasive alien plants refer to plant species that show a tendency to escape from human control, go beyond the intended physical boundaries and cause environmental damage.
The issue of letting the Invasive alien plant species grow and spread, with no attempts made to control the spread of the species beyond the limits of plantations, is not sustainable. All the attempted methods that the Department of Environmental Affairs used seemed to have failed in yielding the expected results. The main objective of the study was to determine the Wolkberg Working for Water programme’s level of success in terms of clearing invasive alien plant species. Wolkberg Project was used as a case study as it is one of the Working for Water Programme. The data were collected using random sampling methods on the worked areas, where work is in progress and those where no work has been done. Primary data were collected from land owners through field observations and questionnaires from the participants whilst secondary data were collected from the Department of Environmental Affairs.
The study adopted a mixed methods approach which is both quantitative and qualitative. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) package. The research determined the level of success in terms of clearing invasive alien plant species, employment opportunities, tools/materials that have been used to clear the plants and the advice on the possible strategies that can be employed in the invasive alien plant species management.
It was found out that the Invasive alien plant species require constant maintenance in order for them to be controlled. The Wolkberg project is mainly dominated by male workers compared to females. Each team comprised 3% underage workers. The study recommends that the project should make sure that the follow-ups are done at the correct time and stage. Looking at the statistics of males and females, the study revealed that transformation is not adhered to in this project. / NRF
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Ethnomedicinal survey of invasive alien plant species used in the Capricorn District, Limpopo Province, South AfricaCherane, Mosibudi Wendy 20 September 2019 (has links)
MSc (Botany) / Department of Botany / Invasive alien plants (IAPs) are non-native species that have spread beyond the
introduction site; become abundant to an extent that they serve as agents of change
that also threaten native biological diversity (Garcia-Berthou, 2007). IAPs have
medicinal applications for the treatment of various aliments in humans (Jäger et al.,
1996).
In this study, an ethnomedicinal survey was conducted on medicinal uses of invasive
alien plant species in order to identify and investigate the various disease treatment
methods employed by Bapedi traditional health practitioners within Capricorn District.
Six traditional health practitioners were randomly selected, via the snowball method
from each of the five local municipalities namely: Aganang, Blouberg, Lepelle-Nkupi,
Molomole and Polokwane. The whole survey included 30 traditional health
practitioners. A semi structured questionnaire was administered to document
information about the medicinal uses of IAPs from participants. The collected data
from the questionnaire was captured in Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed using
descriptive statistics.
The study recorded 22 IAPs belonging to 14 plant families. Records or data collected
show invasive alien plants species to have been used for treatment of different
alignments amongst Bapedi traditional health practitioners. Plant families with the
most recorded species include: Solanaceae and Myrtaceae with 18.2% for both of
them. The plant parts most frequently used in descending order were as follows: roots
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(40%), followed by the leaves (39%), fruits (7%), thorns (6%), bark (4%), seeds (2%)
and lastly stems (2%). Decoction was recorded as the most dominant method used
during medicinal preparations (n = 176) and flu was recorded as the most treated
ailment amongst traditional health practitioners (n = 29).
Apart from clearing IAPs as part of management strategy by South African
government, there are other alternative innovative ways that can be employed to
ensure that the number of IAPs introduced does not exceed beyond measure.This
could be achieved by encouraging local people to use them as either medicinal
sources or by incorporating them into any other local ethnobotanical use. The new
innovative ways (such as traditional health practitioners utilizing the IAPs instead of
endangered plants or indigenous plants species) can bring in some form of relief to
the already declining indigenous species populations. Research scholars from
different research institutes and higher education research centres can regard IAPs
used medicinally as source of new pharmaceutical leads to create new medications.
With such attention turned to alien invasive species, their survival as well as their
spread will be kept on check at the same time creating a control measure to their
spread with little effort. Further laboratory-based studies are needed to determine
efficiency and safety of the IAPs used by traditional health practitioners in this study. / NRF
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