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Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the drug-using behavioral patterns, drug abusers¡¦ cognition and inner-containment, the causes of HIV infection, the relationship between drug abuse and HIV infection, and the acceptable degree of the government¡¦s harm reduction program. This study adopted quantitative research design. A total number of 1083 (37.2% samples had HIV-infected) male drug abusers, whom sampled correctional institutions, including the drug treatment center, prison and detention house in Taiwan, were surveyed with self-reported questionnaire. Statistical methods, including descriptive analysis, Chi-square, t-test, Pearson correlation analysis and one-way ANOVA, were applied to proof the hypothesis of this study. The findings were as follows: I. The proportion of drug-using kin of drug abusers was up to 23.8%. According to the analysis, the proportion of drug-using siblings was 10.2%, cousins was 4.9%. II. Non-injecting drug users (NIDUS) had lower tendency in drug craving than injecting drug users (IDUS), but had higher tendency in inner-containment than IDUS. Therefore, increasing IDUS¡¦ confidence and coping skills to deal with craving is important element of relapse prevention program. IDUS had lower ability of abstinence, so they should be the prior client of harm reduction program to decrease the harm from drug injection. III. 52% samples used to needle-sharing would still have needle-sharing behaviors when facing drug craving. The key factor of sharing behaviors was they don¡¦t know how to resist the craving and urge of using drugs. Correcting drug users¡¦ irrational belief could aid in decreasing the craving for drug. Therefore, drug abusers whom don¡¦t have strong coping response and concept about the damage of drug abuse should be instructed stress management abilities and cognitive modification in drug treatment to effectively prevent relapse.