Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1962. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [316]-334).

Thesis (LL. M.)--Judge Advocate General's School, U.S. Army, 1973. / "30 March 1973." Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-114). Also issued in microfiche.

Inaug.-diss.--Leipzig. / Lebenslauf. "Verzeichnis des quellenmaterials": p. [87]-91.

The author's thesis Université Lyon II, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [269]-298).

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-71).

Carapace length, as the best measure of N. marionis body size, is precisely defined. It is shown that N. marionis is a partially protandric hermaphrodite. N. marionis appear to hatch just before April each year, with a little hatching persisting until May. The vast majority of juveniles develop into males. The majority of males transmutate into females in their third year. By April/May the transmutation is probably complete. Reproduction can occur before all male secondary characteristics have been lost. A small minority of individuals develop directly into females without passing through a male phase. At least some of these females can be initially recognized after they have developed mature ovaries by the presence of appendices internae on their first pleopods, a male copulatory structure which all juvenile N. marionis possess. Too few gravid females were recovered to make any statement on whether spawning can occur before this structure is lost. Such females may lose their first pleopod appendices internae in one moult, possibly just before spawning, which may be in late April/early May. Such individuals seem to mature into ovigerous females at a slightly smaller carapace length than do the majority of females which have had a male-phase past. A few females which have passed through a male phase seem to begin developing ovaries at about this small carapace length as well. Once the appendices internae have been lost there appears to be no way of identifying any given female's past life-history. It would seem that during the first year of life N. marionis survive in undetected localities, moult into juveniles, and then settle amongst the benthos from the plankton. Diurnal vertical migration then occurs up to an unknown larger size. It is not known whether the larvae are initially planktonic or not. It is possible that settling of small N. marionis onto the benthos only begins after November. Whether the appendices masculinae of some males only begin growing after they have settled Abstract XIX onto the benthos is unknown, but for the majority at least this begins whilst they are planktonic juveniles. Individuals older than five years are undetectable using samples of the sizes analyzed in this thesis, but they may well persist until quite an advanced age. Niche separation between smaller and larger N. marionis individuals may occur. Diel vertical migration may occur to some extent amongst large N. marionis. Itinerant euphausiids may contribute substantially to the maintenance of top predator populations at the archipelago, either through direct predation by those predators or via predation by N. marionis, which in turn are consumed by those predators. N. marionis itself is an opportunistic feeder, although the majority of its prey seem to be suspension feeders, both benthic and pelagic. In multisample situations, ageing of N. marionis cohorts is made less subjective if one utilizes the phenomenon of synchronized sexual inversion. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters for N. marionis are tentatively identified as k = 0.2353/year, L_ = 12.69mm, to = -0.2828 years and WW_ = 2.03g. The programme FiSAT is discussed, having been found to be extremely useful, but having also been found to have certain faults. Various hypotheses are proposed and are put forward as suggestions for future studies.

No description available.

While the terrestrial ecosystem of the Prince Edward Island Group has been subject to intensive research, the marine ecosystem has to a large extent been neglected. This together with the possible existence of an "island effect" at these islands, as was first proposed after the visit to these islands of the French vessel Marion Dufresne, led to the initiation of a programme to determine the distribution of standing stocks and the productivity of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the neritic seas of these islands. To do this and before a detailed biological survey could be attempted, it was first necessary to define the physical and chemical properties of the circuminsular waters. This dissertation discusses the results of several surveys to these islands in the light of a possible "island effect" and comments upon processes likely to influence such an effect

The reported tendency for island birds to possess larger wings and bills than their mainland counterparts, was investigated by a study of the passerine birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. It was found that several species showed this bill trend, but that a tendency for birds to possess larger wings was less apparent; an unexpected tendency for the tarsus of island birds to be large was also demonstrated. On The other hand, there is no apparent tendency for the body-size of island birds to be larger than that of their mainland counterparts. The bill and tarsus characteristics of the Tres Marias birds are also shown by many other passerine birds in islands situations elsewhere in Mexico and North America. The differences in dimensions between mainland and Tres Marias birds cannot be explained as adaptations to different climatic conditions (Allen’s rule). Observations of feeding behaviour and analysis of gizzard contents of collected specimens reveal that some island species have a diet which is different from that of their mainland counterparts and that their use of perches is different too. This suggests that the bill and tarsus are used differently in the two regions. It is postulated that large bill and tarsus are adaptations to a greater exploitation of the environment. Differences inhabit at between the mainland and islands do not account for differences in feeding behaviour, but the relative paucity of specie on the islands offers and explanation. It suggests that there is some more environment available for exploitation to each of those present on the islands that to those on the mainland, assuming that there are approximately equal resources in the two regions. There is additional indirect evidence to suggest that the absence of several species has important effects upon those present. Island birds tend to be more drab in plumage that mainland birds on the Tres Marias and elsewhere and at least one species on the Tres Marias has reduced vocal repertoire. In view of the value of distinctive plumage and song as specific recognition characteristics the futures displayed by the Tres Marias birds may be attributed to the absence of systematically closely-related species. At least one species nests considerably lower in the vegetation On the Tres Marias Islands than on the mainland, which may be due to the relative absence of predators on the islands. There is evidence to suggest that the ecological conditions which have permitted the evolution of bill and tarsus characteristics in island birds, have permitted the evolution of large body-size in island rodents also. If this is true, then it is possible that the recorded tendency for animals to become larger in the course of evolution is related to an increase in the amount of environment available for exploitation. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

The major theme of Hemingway's last novel, Islands in the Stream, is the moral and spiritual development of the protagonist, Thomas Hudson. Gradually he moves away from his "carapace of work" and discipline, which shields him from any emotional involvement and the inevitable pain it contracts, towards an acceptance of a higher concept of duty than that which is concerned primarily with practical results. In this way he grows from a state of emotional alienation to a point at which he attains a genuine capacity to love his fellow men. This growth culminates with his encounter with death whereby he comes to an understanding of himself and of his purpose in life. I have traced his development by examining several themes and motifs which reflect his emotional state. The most important of these is the pervasive sea imagery which changes with Hudson's changing moral attitude. The basic sea-chase in the last section of the novel is really an allegory which represents, on a metaphorical level, Hudson's personal quest inward for self-knowledge. Hudson's relationship in various families, some natural and some surrogate, also reflects his growing capacity to love and to establish the necessary emotional found ation for a real family situation. He grows from an inability to under stand his natural sons to a capacity to love his spiritual brothers. Another motif of a "language of love" also develops in accordance with Hudson'8 growth. At the end of the novel, with Hudson's death, these themes and motifs coalesce with the culmination of Hudson's symbolic crucifixion and marriage-in-death. In my conclusion I am primarily interested in proving that Hudson final understanding of himself, and his struggle towards it, is as worthy as the absolute achievements of earlier Hemingway heroes. His growth is not obvious to many reviewers simply because his heroism is based upon a different concept than that of past Hemingway protagonists. Thomas Hudson is different in that his struggle with life resembles that of the average man, and like the average man he must learn to accept his flaws and weaknesses, and to accept "approximate" successes instead of absolute victories. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate