Modern analog systems processing signals with very small amplitude are prone to distortion, which is caused by leakage between signal traces. Causation of this is contamination of insulating gap, which insulates these traces. Goal of this thesis is to design and manufacturing of test structure, which allows classification of influence of contamination on substrate on leakage, and another goal is classification of technologiacal processes in light of contamination of substrate with electroactive inpurities. Based on results of this experiments are defined rules leading to optimizing of properties of manufactured structures. Attention is applied to ceramic substrates with conductive traces which are created with thick film technology.

Glass and the glass elements found thein way into almou all area sof human aktivity thanks to technological advances of the last 20 years. The are of construction i sof course no exeption, quite the contrary. These days it is difficult to imagine building without the glass element, whether it is a part of the interior or exterior. Yet the theory on this issue is at a very low level in the Czech Republic. The content of my work is static and dynamic analysis of structures of glass, when it is applied in practice, it will save money.

Doctoral thesis is focused on the study, research and development of heat insulating moulded refractory materials. The replacement of shaped instead of unshaped refractories is recently and strongly industrially demanded and belongs to ongoing research topics. With the increasing demand of energy savings, the excellent insulation properties are essential. The insulating properties of castables are the result of targeted porosity formation. The porosity is coming from the controlled air intrusion into material resulted to foamed structure. The foaming process was achieved by mixing of separately prepared aqueous foam into raw castable slurry or by in situ foaming of intensively mixed castable slurry with the surfactant additive. Nevertheless, the study of foam behaviour and the influence of additives on binder hydration and setting processes (i.e. calciumaluminate cement) was substantial for successful preparation of the experimental samples. The two types of the experimental samples were prepared. The first one was based on mixing of kaolin slurry with pre-prepared aqueous foam, whereas the de-aglomeration ability of kaolin specie was utilized to water-particle film formation. In situ foaming of multicomponent system is the second one. The both processes brought some negative attributes, so the optimal properties of prepared castables were achieved by their combination.

This work deals with the development of new types of insulating materials for use in the higher temperature. The area of application of these insulation materials is especially industrial chimneys, where the exhaust gases achieves 85 to 200 °C, furthermore it is industrial boilers and furnaces with surface temperature to 500 °C. In the introduction is presented the current knowledge in the field of insulating materials in the Czech Republic and in the world. Then the work is dealing with proposal of possible raw materials and suitable formula. According to purpose of use is the work divided into two parts – high temperature insulation for simple and for complicated shapes conditions. The sub-sections are divided to different possibilities of performance. The aim was, based on the scientific expertise of other authors in the world, design a new insulation system and redound to deepening scientific knowledge in the area of lightweight materials on the silica basis and to the extension of the offer of new products in building and industrial practice.

The diploma thesis aimed to create a concept of a universal vehicle meeting the requirements for safe transportation of patients with risk of environmental contamination including the possibility of repeated use. The vehicle should meet the highest degree of public health protection, namely the Biological safety levels 4 (BSL 4). The questionnaire was used to gather the information about the current status of Biohazard teams, their material and technical equipment, and the way of transport security, including the possibility of rotating/substitution of the intervening staff. The questionnaire was distributed to the providers of health rescue services in individual regions and in the capital city of Prague. The results of the questionnaire survey formed the basis for processing the concept of the vehicle to ensure the transport of patients suspected of a highly dangerous contagion. The concept of the vehicle should serve as the basis for the real vehicle construction that will be able to provide protection at the level of BSL 4. It counts on a separate cabin for two drivers, a rear cabinet superstructure with a clean area for storing material and medical equipment, and rest facilities for the staff. At the rear, a separate insulating container consisting of an insulating box for patients, a decontamination area for the needs of the rotating staff, and a transfer box for medical supplies and devices. The proposed vehicle brings numerous improvements that meet BSL 4 protection and thus the highest level of the public health protection. The vehicle can carry up to seven patients at one intervention with the risk of environmental contamination. During the transport, it is possible for the staff to rotate continuously. The separate storage of medical supplies and devices ensures the use and degradation of only the necessary materials and devices. To cover the territory of the Czech Republic, the optimal number of six vehicles would be optimal.

The aim of the thesis is to examine the dielectric function Ta2O5 insulating layers in tantalum capacitors. The capacitor plugged in the regular mode represents a MIS structure of reverse direction. Three different factors can be determined for the residual current of the component according to its charge transmission mode: the ohmic, Pool–Frenkel, tunnel and Schottky. An apparatus was constructed by the author of the thesis to measure the temporary connection between residual current and rise of temperature of the tantalum capacitors. Annealing of three different sets of tantalum capacitors made by different producers was performed at the temperature of 400 K and nominal voltage of 35 V during the period of 20 days.The experiment has proved the residual current in the electric field changes with rising temperature in time as a result of the ion movement. The singular factors of the residual current are influenced during the process. By the “ion movement” is meant the ion drift influenced by the attached electric field and diffusion caused by the concentration gradient. First, the samples were being annealed for c. 2 x 106 s, and then the residual current was being regenerated under the voltage of 5 V for 106 s. The residual current values increased considerably after annealing, and decreased again to more or less the original level after the regeneration, some of the samples reaching even values bellow the original level. The VA characteristics of the samples measured before and after the process of controlled obsolescence, and after the regeneration prove not only a change in parameters of the different current factors, but also a change of the current transmission mechanism employed in the process.

The increasing quantity of waste represents serious environmental, social and economic problem. Wastes produced from industry and households. A large part of the economy transforms a certain amount of raw materials to waste in their production, because it is currently emphasis is placed on finding sustainable sources of raw materials. One of the suitable secondary raw materials can be discarded textiles or waste from the textile industry. These kinds of textile waste often ends up in landfills or incinerators, so it is from an ecological and environmentally advantageous to their further use. The diploma thesis deals with the study and development of thermal and acoustic insulation materials based on textile fibers. It focuses on the legislative requirements for waste management for the sorting of textile wastes and their subsequent modification before reuse. Further it contains kinds of textile fibers and bonding technologies thermal and acoustic insulation materials. Finally, an evaluation of thermal insulation, acoustic and mechanical properties of fibrous insulation materials.

The main goal of this thesis is to design intrinsically safe line analyzer. Thesis describes a device that consists of three measuring circuits and a communication circuit. The device is required to measure posistor resistance, isolation state of power cable and line continuity in potentially explosive areas. Document describes basic requirements of ATEX directive matching standards that are related to device. The function of each logical part of the device is described with help of block diagram. After the basic function description an electrical schematic design and component selection is discussed. After this a printed circuit board design follows. Another part of the thesis describes testing software development. At the end of the document the device is assembler and its basic function is verified.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin. It was thought, that exosomes are used by cells only as carriers for cellular waste, but it was found out, that exosomes serve in the cellular communication and have a role in viral infections. Exosomes are exploited by viruses for example for the transport of viral protein or viral RNA/DNA. One of the viruses, where the mechanism of exploitation is unknown (if any exists) is murine polyomavirus. Murine polyomavirus belongs to the family Polyomaviridae, to which other human viruses belong for example, JC virus or virus of Merkel cell carcinoma. Murine polyomavirus codes for small, large and middle T antigen and three capsid proteins. Middle T antigen is known to bind to cellular membranes. Exosomes are membrane derived structures, so we investigated a possible transfer of middle T antigen. To this goal the successful isolation of exosomes and their characterization was necessary. Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and further purified by the density gradient OptiPrep. Exosomes were characterized by electron microscopy, NanoSight and by protein exosomal markers. These markers are for example Alix and flotillin-1. The cells were transfected in order to produce middle T antigen. It was shown, that exosomes isolated from these cells...

Pulmonary sanatoriums are facilities where efficient and useful therapy for patients suffering from respiratory diseases is provided. They use treatments including the methods of climatotherapy, drinking cures or inhalation therapies. Diseases such as asthma bronchiale, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, various forms of pneumonia, lung cancer and also tuberculosis are cured here. Just the tuberculosis treatment regimen is so specific that the research part of this thesis is devoted mainly to this phenomenon. Currently, tuberculosis represents a large medical problem in our country. Although the number of cases in the last decade has decreased, today it remains a serious medical and social problem with a huge economic effect on the entire society. The epidemiological situation is deteriorating on the global scale. The main causes of this deterioration are AIDS, the influx of refugees and immigrants from various risky countries, an increase in adherence to drug abuse and failure to keep to treatment measures. According to the WHO, two billion people are infected with tuberculosis globally. The urgency of this topic is seen in the fact that despite all measures, over 3 million people die of this disease globally and 90% of this number die in developing countries. This thesis is focused on the importance of pulmonary sanatoriums and also on the mapping of intensity of nursing care in particular pulmonary sanatoriums. To a great extent, the thesis deals with the issue of the specific needs of patients and the method of providing nursing care. The thesis describes individual facilities in the Czech Republic and their importance. It also deals with the specifics of nursing care for individual pulmonary diseases and goes into detail about provision of care at isolated units for patients with tuberculosis. It also deals with the holistic approach to the patient and multicultural nursing. A great part of the thesis is devoted to the needs of patients, and changes in their role in the sanatorium. The objective of this master´s thesis was to outline the difficulty of nursing care in specialized pulmonary sanatoriums and find the specific needs of patients in these facilities. Another objective was to discover the role of the nurse in provision of care and outline differences between individual facilities. All these objectives have been performed. Four research questions were set at the beginning of the research. The first research question dealt with how nursing care in pulmonary facilities is provided. The second research question was focused on finding the specific needs of patients in these facilities. The third research question dealt with the role of the nurse in providing care for patients in specialized pulmonary sanatoriums. And the last research question focused on differences between the individual sanatoriums. The practical part of the thesis contains the results of qualitative research gathered on the basis of a semi-structured interview. Final interviews were recorded, transcribed and subsequently processed by the technique of open coding. The research file consisted of 6 nurses working in pulmonary sanatoriums and 5 patients hospitalized with tuberculosis. Based on the information acquired, the patients perceive isolation units as a very simple and depressing place, where they miss contacts with their closest. The stay in the isolation unit is a shock for them. Foreigners complain of the language barrier. Nurses regard the nursing care as very demanding. They must care for patients with various diagnoses and provide multicultural care with respect to the national and cultural specifics of patients. Based on the results found, an information brochure was created, and this can help as a source of information for hospitalized patients in sanatoriums. Furthermore, the results of this thesis will be presented to individual sanatoriums for the purpose of making changes related to their equipment.