Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2018-09-24T13:50:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 802240 bytes, checksum: e5a120e8fc1bcda17e5f4ce186b81d2e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T13:50:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 802240 bytes, checksum: e5a120e8fc1bcda17e5f4ce186b81d2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O estudo da germinação e das alterações fisiológicas e bioquímicas de sementes é imprescindível tanto para sua utilização como para as pesquisas, uma vez que elas são fundamentais para a conservação da biodiversidade, recuperação de áreas degradadas, bem como em plantios diversos. A germinação é um estágio essencial no ciclo de vida das espécies. Dentre os fatores ambientais que influenciam a germinação destaca-se a temperatura, uma vez que ela afeta a velocidade e a porcentagem de germinação e as reações bioquímicas e fisiológicas que governam o processo germinativo. Considerando- se que o acúmulo de informações a respeito dos processos germinativos para a espécie é ainda incipiente, objetivou-se investigar o efeito da temperatura na germinação, mobilização de reservas e no metabolismo oxidativo em sementes de Ormosia coarctata. Para tanto, os experimentos foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes Florestais da Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV. Foram utilizadas neste trabalho sementes de O.coarctata coletadas no município de Alta Floresta (MT). Inicialmente, foi feito um estudo com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes substratos, temperaturas e luz, e suas interações, na germinação de O. coarctata. As sementes foram submetidas a um pré-teste de quebra de dormência com escarificação mecânica e escarificação química e avaliadas em duas etapas: na primeira foram avaliados os substratos e na segunda, os regimes de luz e de temperatura. No segundo capítulo, foi avaliado o teor de água das sementes durante a germinação, estabelecido a partir da curva de embebição, nas temperaturas constantes de 15, 25, 30, 35 e 40 °C, sendo retiradas amostras de sementes a cada 48 horas, para quantificação das reservas de lipídeos, açúcares solúveis, monossacarídeos, amido e proteínas solúveis. No terceiro capítulo, foram avaliadas as atividades das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD), ascorbato peroxidase (APX) catalase (CAT) e peroxidase (POX) nos cotilédones de sementes de O. coarctata, durante embebição nas temperaturas de 20, 25 e 35 °C. Pelos resultados pode-se observar que os melhores substratos para a condução da germinação de sementes de O.coarctata foram areia e rolo de papel. A faixa ótima de temperatura para germinação das sementes de O.coarctata está entre 25 e 35 °C. As sementes de O.coarctata germinam tanto na presença quanto na ausência de luz, comportando-se como fotoblásticas neutras. As taxas de absorção de água das sementes aumentam à medida em que se aumenta a temperatura. As alterações nas reservas de carboidratos, de lipídeos e de proteínas apresentam decréscimos em todas as temperaturas. Nas temperaturas 15 e 40 °C, acima e abaixo da faixa ótima de germinação para a espécie, foram detectados teores de glicose, o que não foi observado nas demais temperaturas. Em nenhuma das temperaturas foi observado atividade da APX e CAT nos tempos zero e em 24 h de embebição. As enzimas SOD, APX e CAT apresentam maiores alterações em suas atividades em 35 °C. / The study of the germination and physiological and biochemical changes of seeds is essential both for their use and for research, since they are fundamental for the conservation of the biodiversity, recovery of degraded areas, as well as in diverse plantations. The germination is an essential stage in the life cycle of species. Among the environmental factors that influence germination, the temperature is highlighted, since it affects the speed and percentage of germination and the biochemical and physiological reactions that govern the germination process. Considering that the accumulation of information about germination processes for the specie is still incipient, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature on germination, mobilization of reserves and oxidative metabolism on Ormosia coarctata seeds. For that, the experiments were conducted in the Laboratory of Analysis of Forest Seeds of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV. O. coarctata seed’s collected in the city of Alta Floresta (MT) were used in this work. Initially, a study was carried out with the objective of evaluating different substrates, temperatures and light, and their interactions, in the germination of O. coarctata. The seeds were submitted to a pre-test of dormancy breaking with mechanical scarification and chemical scarification and evaluated in two stages: in the first the substrates were evaluated and in the second, the light and temperature regimes. In the second chapter, the water content of the seeds during germination, established from the imbibition curve, at the constant temperatures of 15, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ° C was evaluated, being seed samples taken every 48 hours, for quantification of lipid, soluble sugars, monosaccharides, starch and soluble proteins. In the third chapter, the activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) were evaluated in the cotyledons of O. coarctata seeds during imbibition at temperatures of 20, 25 and 35 °C. From the results it can be observed that the best substrates for the germination of O. coarctata seeds were sand and paper roll. The optimum temperature range for germination of O.coarctata seeds is between 25 and 35 ° C. The O.coarctata seeds germinate both in the presence and absence of light,behaving like neutral photoblasts. The water absorption rates of the seeds increase as the temperature increases. Changes in carbohydrate, lipid and protein reserves show decreases at all temperatures. At temperatures 15 and 40 ° C, above and below the optimum germination range for the species, glucose levels were detected, which was not observed in the other temperatures. At none of the temperatures were observed APX and CAT activity at zero times and at 24 h of imbibition. The SOD, APX and CAT enzymes show greater changes in their activities at 35 ° C.

Lifting method through the use of hydraulic jacks, can adjust column elevation of the structure in order to eliminate the stress burden caused by differential settlement , as well as recover the structure¡¦s initial state and force to avoid the form reconstructing caused by different over-settlement, save construction cost and reduce environmental impact, and so the life cycle of the building be able to last. The study based on ¡§The computer control system of hydraulic jacks¡¨, ¡§The repair method of settlement of floating roof tank¡¨, and the other technologies, which developed by lifting method development department, set up by the case company, has matured day by day to seek permanent development strategy through the utilization of the innovative lifting method in structure on reclaimed land or tanks, shop buildings, and structures which have different settlement problems, and so on, enable to last the life cycle of the building. This study consists of the information collection of lifting technology development through the literature of innovative technology and management strategy and interview of the owner and the decision-making manager of the case company, that total sum of person-time is 21, with the theme of the technical development of lifting method, the extension of market, and the internationalization. Making industry S.W.O.T analysis can not only find out the lifting development business of the case company but also the strategic direction, core competitiveness, the development direction, the permanent strategy to maintain the annual growth of the rate of marginal balance. According to research, the case company need to become a international company in order to maintain the annual growth of 20¢H of the operational goal. Taking Taiwan as the technical development center, the case company uses the local manpower and constructional material of the group¡¦s subsidiaries in overseas footholds to lower the quote cost and enhance the competitiveness, so that the case company can move toward internationalization gradually. Besides, to be competitive in lifting industry, the case company must be customer oriented, which means to design the unique custom-made lifting method for the customer¡¦s demand. Contenting customer¡¦s demand with cost, industry safety and time is the most important strategy to retain long-term competitiveness advantage. In strategic growth oriented, to be the top lifting company all over the world after one decade, the case company has to enhance core competitiveness of lifting method, including project management, project control, structural design capacity, computer control hydraulic jacks system development capabilities, and technical capabilities lifting. Meanwhile, the case company has to develop continuously new technologies and methods, combine with the group¡¦s subsidiaries to establish overseas footholds to extend the overseas market, train staff to obtain the international certificate and learn the second language, and makes the product and service different from other companies.

Standing support is often used in conjunction with underground retreat mining. Knowledge of the load-displacement behavior of a standing support and loading induced by the mine opening is critical proper support selection. The NIOSH STOP database contains load-displacement laboratory test data for most commonly used standing supports. Hydraulic load cells currently used to measure in-situ loading of standing supports have exhibited leakage under load, producing irregularities within the dataset. An improved hydraulic load cell eliminates leakage and produces more consistent data. / Master of Science / In retreat mining of a traditional room and pillar or longwall mining operation standing support is utilized. The standing support is comprised over various types of systems, wood timbers, wood cribs, pumpable supports and metal supports. These standing supports help aid in the recovery of the reserves and/or maintain ventilation through the mining excavation. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Support Technology Optimization Program (STOP) has a database of laboratory testing on load displacement used on various standing supports. To relate this laboratory testing to in-situ load of standing support hydraulic load cells have been introduced. The hydraulic load cells design is a thin metal bladder filled with fluid that is placed on the top or bottom of the standing support. These hydraulic load cells have exhibited inconsistencies due to leakage under load, producing irregularities within the dataset. To achieve a reliable dataset on active standing supports it is vital that current load-measuring devices needs to be re-evaluated and redesigned.

<p>Video poker is a casino game based on five-card draw poker played on a computerized console. Video poker allows players an opportunity for some control of the random events that determine whether they win or lose. This means that making the right play can increase a player's return in the long run. For that reason, optimal strategy hand-rank tables for various types of video poker games have been recently published and established to help players improve their return (Ethier, 2010). Ethier posed a number of open problems in his recent book, <em>The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilitistic Aspects of Gambling</em> among which were some in video poker. In this thesis we consider the most popular video poker games: Jacks or Better, Double Bonus, and Joker Wild. Ethier produced an optimal strategy hand-rank table for Jacks or Better. We expand on his method to produce optimal hand-rank tables for Double Bonus, and Joker Wild. The method involves enumerating all possible discards, computing the expected returns, and then finding a way to rank them according to optimal discard based on the payoffs. The methodology combines combinatorics with probability and C++ programming. For Double Bonus and Joker Wild new terminologies are introduced in order to illustrate how different cards can affect the magnitude of expected return of a particular hand. Furthermore, ranks whose organization and specification are noteworthy in the hand-rank tables are examined and provided with in-depth explanations and supporting examples. The final result is a hand-rank table for use by the player. The player chooses that discard which ranks highest in the hand-rank table corresponding to potential final hands.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

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This work is comprised of two parts: The Inspiration and The Institution. The Inspiration concerns what originated the work—the conception of the idea. It lies within the realm of those things which are timeless. Therefore, it is what gives character to the building of the place or the institution. The inspiration is the beginning. The Institution is the formulation of the work--the "building" of the idea. It is a place crafted with the methods of its time. ln this sense, the institution is circumstantial, and therefore representing the end. However, in its completion there is the reflection of its beginning, its inspiration. What we call the beginning is often the end And to make an end is to make a beginning. The end is where we start from.¹ What inspires this work is the architecture of the ancient communities of the Anasazi. More specifically and fundamentally, the inspiration for this work lies in the phenomenon of geometry and material in these ruins. Further, it is seated in such ideas as concentricity or nestedness and the opening of a wall. These are the ideas which are timeless. This is the beginning and the end. What formulates the work is a school. As an institution of learning, it already constitutes fertile ground for teaching. Therefore, with architecture as the medium, the building can teach about the play of geometry and the use of material. The function of the school is purely circumstantial, and it has little to do with the inspiration. Still, the geometry and material of the place made are founded in the inspiration. Hence, the architecture will continue to be a place for learning regardless of the functions of its past or future. The aspiration of the work is the development of a work of architecture as a place which nurtures the position of learning and as an institution which becomes a revelation of its inspiration. / Master of Architecture

La conservación del patrimonio cultural esta considerado como un principio fundamental en la vida cultural de las sociedades modernas. En los últimos años, se han realizado extensas investigaciones en torno a esta área, conduciendo a desarrollos en la inspección, ensayos no destructivos, monitorización y análisis estructural de monumentos.Por otra parte, el análisis de construcciones antiguas formula importantes desafíos dada la complejidad de su geometría, la variabilidad de las propiedades de los materiales tradicionales, las diferentes técnicas de construcción, la ausencia de conocimiento sobre los daños existentes, y de cómo afectan determinadas acciones a las construcciones a lo largo de su vida.Dichos desafíos suponen que las construcciones del patrimonio arquitectónico estén sometidas a una serie de dificultades de diagnóstico y restauración, que limitan la aplicación de las disposiciones normativas y las pautas vigentes en el ámbito general de la construcción. Y es por todo ello que la comprensión, el análisis y la reparación de construcciones históricas se establece como uno de los desafíos más importantes de los técnicos modernos.¿Sería razonable operar a un enfermo sin tener constancia objetiva del mal que adolece?, en ese caso ¿porqué intervenimos en nuestra herencia cultural sin tener conocimiento contrastado de las causas desencadenantes de sus procesos patológicos?Respondiendo a la cuestión formulada, las intervenciones en las construcciones antiguas, dada su fragilidad, requieren precisión, detalle y formación especial en el desarrollo de un estudio previo riguroso de diagnóstico que de soporte a las decisiones sobre las técnicas de intervención que deben adoptarse.En este proceso es fundamental la fase de reconocimiento - análisis, dado que es en esta etapa en la que se plantean hipótesis y se comprueban, de forma objetiva, a través de cálculos y ensayos. Dentro de la fase referida, debe prestarse especial atención al reconocimiento experimental, dado que dicha inspección además de contribuir a la obtención de parámetros de entrada de los modelos de análisis, tiene como misión el contribuir a calibrarlos mediante la comprobación experimental de los resultados obtenidos analíticamente en determinados puntos de control.Por su parte, es deseable que dicho reconocimiento experimental se realice de la forma menos intrusiva posible para con la construcción, sobremanera en el caso de bienes de carácter monumental.En línea con lo argumentado, la investigación que se presenta incide, dentro del proceso metodológico general de intervención en una construcción antigua, en la fase del reconocimiento experimental, in situ, ligeramente destructivo, y a su vez, dentro de éste, en las técnicas orientadas a obtener información útil desde un punto de vista de la caracterización mecánica de elementos estructurales de fábrica.En este sentido, se pretende contribuir a la puesta a punto, en España, de métodos para la evaluación in situ de la fiabilidad de los elementos estructurales existentes en construcciones históricas de obra de fábrica. Para ello, se van a focalizar los esfuerzos en el calibrado, en laboratorio, de las técnicas de gatos planos, hole drilling y mini-presurometría de fábricas, y posteriormente se aplicarán a casos reales in situ. / Cultural heritage conservation is considered as a fundamental principle of modern societies' cultural life. In recent years, extensive research has been done on this area, leading developments on inspection, non-destructive testing, monitoring and monument structural analysis.In other hand, old buildings analysis implies significant challenges due to the complexity of its geometry, variability of traditional materials properties, different construction techniques, lack of knowledge about existing damage, and how certain actions affect throughout their life to buildings.These challenges mean that architectural heritage buildings are subject to diagnosis and refurbishment difficulties, which limit the application of standards and construction guidelines. That is why the understanding, the analysis and the historic buildings' repair, are considered as one of the most important challenges of modern technicians.Would it be reasonable to operate a patient without objective evidence of the illness that suffers? In that case, why do we intervene in our cultural heritage without knowing the causes that have initiated its pathological processes?Answering to this question, interventions in old buildings, because of its fragility, require accuracy, detail and a special education in the development of a previous diagnostic study, in order to give support to decisions to be adopted on intervention techniques.In this process, it is essential the phase survey - analysis, because it is at this stage where the hypothesis are set out and verified with calculations and tests. Within this phase, it should pay special attention to experimental survey, since such inspection contributes to both obtaining input parameters of the model analysis, and contributes to calibrate it using the experimental verification of the results obtained analytically at certain checkpoints.Moreover, it is desirable that such experimental survey is performed of the least intrusive way as possible for the construction, greatly in the case of monumental constructions.Within the general process of intervention on old constructions, the research presented insists on the on-site experimental survey stage, slightly destructive, and within it, on the techniques aimed to obtain useful information for the mechanical characterization of masonry structural elements.In this sense, it aims to contribute to the development in Spain of methods for on-site evaluation of the structural elements' reliability in masonry historical buildings. For this, efforts will focus on the calibration, in laboratory, of the techniques of flat jacks, hole drilling and masonry mini-pressurometer, and then its application to real on-site cases.