Proefschrift--Leiden. / Summary in English. "Stellingen": leaf inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis advisor: James W. Morris / This dissertation is a comparative phenomenological and theological analysis on Catholic and Muslim traditions of pilgrimage to sacred tombs and shrines in south central Java, Indonesia. Both in the Muslim and Christian traditions, pilgrimage is a rich and complex religious practice that has served as a privileged milieu in which pilgrims and their communities attempt to foster diverse kinds of communion with God and His spiritual company of saints and other sacred figures, including the founders and paradigmatic ancestors of the local community. Precisely due to its richness and complexity as a spiritual and religio-cultural practice driven by the deeper and inclusive dynamics of communion, pilgrimage has also become a crucial practice in which a distinctive and hybrid religio-cultural identity is forged and negotiated in creative and fruitful ways--among others through the process of engaging various forms of otherness including other religious traditions and cultures--in the context of a long historical continuum that is also marked by tensions and ambiguities. Based on the underlying and multifaceted category of communion with God, the self, and the other that lies at the heart of the pilgrimage traditions in Islam and Catholicism, and guided by the method of the new comparative theology, this study attempts to offer a focused analysis of the major ways in which this dynamic of communion is played out in the deeper shared features and intimate encounters that exist between these two pilgrimage traditions in south central Java. Carried out from the perspective of the Catholic tradition, this study also seeks to explore the ways in which the extraordinary depth and breadth of these dynamics of communion in the Muslim and Catholic pilgrimage traditions--that in Catholic theology can be placed under the inclusive category of the work of the Spirit (pneumatology)--can serve as a creative avenue for a comparative theological enrichment of our contemporary understanding of the Catholic doctrine and practice of communio sanctorum ("communion of saints and the holy"). Drawing from both the most salient features of both the Muslim and Catholic pilgrimage practices in south central Java as well as the corresponding insights from the larger Islamic and Catholic traditions, this proposed pneumatological framework for a renewed understanding of the Catholic theology of communio sanctorum can be seen as the modest constructive fruit of this study's comparative theological engagement with the dynamics of pilgrimage in these two traditions. Through this process, the Catholic theology and practice of communio sanctorum is also made more richly anchored in the Catholic principles of communion, mediation, and sacramentality. And since this very process includes other religious tradition(s), the Catholic doctrine of communio sanctorum becomes remarkably inclusive and expansive as well, thus becoming a profoundly "catholic" theological vision. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Theology.

Cette these a pour objet la description de la société Musulmane à Java. Elle attire particulierement l'attention sur deux groupes typologiquement distinct: le santri et le abangan. Meme si la recherche étudie l'origine de ces deux groupes, elle va essayer d'analyser le santri et le abangan dans leurs deux aspects essentiels, premierement comme groupes socio-religieux, et deuxiemement comme pouvoirs sooio-politiques. Elle insiste aussi sur le processus par lequel la querelle entre le santri et le abangan, par rapport a la concurence des différentes idéologies politiques, devient un des déterminants essentiels dans la politique indonesienne. Même si la distinction socio-religieuse de ces deux groupes est ignore pour une raison quelconque, la différence entre les deux entraine des consequences politiques tres différentes. Par conséquent l'étude du santri et du abangan a Java, rend possible une meilleure compréhension de l'Islam tel que pratiqué dans cette ile. / This thesis is concerned with the description of Muslim society in contemporary Java, and pays particular attention to the two typologically distinctive groups, the so-called santri and abangan. While investigation is made into the origin of these two groups, this study is attempting to elucidate santri and abangan in their two essential aspects; firstly as socio-religious groups and secondly as socio-political powers. It also stresses the process by which the struggle of santri and abangan vis-a-vis the strife between different political ideologies becomes one of the basic determinants in Indonesian politics.

No description available.

This thesis will examine the more active role played in Java by the urban wong cilik (the underclass; literally, the 'little people') in contesting the state�s authority, particularly during the later years of the New Order regime, and following its demise in 1998. I will provide examples of social practices employed by the wong cilik in their everyday lives and in their adaptation to periods of significant social and political upheaval. These demonstrate the ways in which they are able to contest the state�s efforts to impose its authority. These practices also develop and employ a variety of subversive discourses, whose categories and values diverge significantly from the official language of government. The examination of the relative linguistic, cultural and normative autonomy of the seemingly powerless underclass reveals an extremely contested political terrain in which the wong cilik are active rather than passive agents in urban society. These ideas have developed out of urban field research sited around warungs (sidewalk food stalls), urban kampongs and in the city streets of the three Javanese cities of Yogyakarta, Surabaya, and Jakarta. These urban social spaces will be shown to be significant for the underclass because they constitute sites through which they constantly interact with diverse social groups, thereby sharpening their knowledge of the contradictions and feelings of otherness manifest between the classes in Java�s large cities. It will be shown how, in these spaces, the underclass also experience the state�s attempts at control through various officially sanctioned projects and how the underclass are able to subvert those projects through expressive means such as songs, poems and forms of mockery which combine to make the state�s dominant discourses lose much of their efficacy.

This study is an attempt to measure religious fertility differentials of the Abangan and the Santri, two different Muslim groups on Java. The Santri are those who strongly endeavor to carry out the religious prescriptions and observances; the Abangan, on the other hand, are individuals whose religious orientation is not as strong. The main purpose of the study is to determine if religion explains the high fertility level on Java. The results are expected to be important for the population policy makers enabling them to determine the factors influencing fertility level in the area studied.Studies of the literature lead to the formation of the theory employed for the study, which is a hybrid: drawing elements from four theoretical explanations of religious differences in fertility. It maintains that religious doctrine affiliation interacts with socioeconomic factors in explaining fertility. Three stages of socioeconomic level are assumed: (1) traditional; (2) transitional; and (3) modern. The study hypothesizes that religious fertility differentials of the two groups are slight when they are in the traditional stage. Further, the Santri are predicted to maintain higher fertility level than the Abangan.The data accessed for the study are from a 1974-1975 study on transmigration on Java. The sampling procedure was a stratified probability random sampling, with 3000 individuals of rural and urban areas on Java. One major weakness encountered in the data is the lack of detailed information on fertility determinants such as contraceptive use, marriage duration, and age of wife at first marriage.Among other things, one factor that justifies the use of the data is the extensive information religious practices of the people.Multiple regression analyses are conducted to test the hypotheses of the study. The data is analyzed by computer using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) program. The significant test employed to measure the impact of the independent variables on the dependent variables is the F test.Taking into consideration that the majority of the respondents are from a low socioeconomic level and rural residents, the stage being observed in this study is the traditional one. Two measures are employed to determine fertility, namely, number of children ever born and ideal family size preferred by married couple when they started the household.Factors employed to explain the fertility levels are religious group affiliation, education, wife's age, and income. The study found little significant difference on the cultural and in the fertility level of the two groups. However, with additional analysis it was found further that the interaction of religious doctrine affiliation and wife's education correlates significantly with the ideal family size preferred, but not with the number of children ever born.The insignificant difference of the fertility levels of the two groups is rather surprising. One possible explanation for the case is the discrepancy between the theoretical definition of the two religious groups and the empirical phenomena. As a matter of fact, the Muslim groups on Java are not as clearly distinguishable as suggested in this study. The discrepancy results in the inaccuracy of the data analysis, for those who in the study are considered as belong to the Abangan category are actually residual cases of the Santri category. Hence, analyses are not accurate. Had the two groups been measured based on the theoretical concepts, the results of the study could possibly be as expected.Although the study is limited in its intensity, the results are valuable for future studies. It is recommended that other factors such as cultural values, information pertaining to birth control , and family planning be considered for future studies. Specific measurement of religious groups studied would yield a better explanation on religious fertility differential.

No description available.

In this thesis I examine the issues of sex education in Western and Javanese society using a conceptual-comparative approach. My main goal is to highlight the importance of sex education for young people in Javanese society. Research foci and discoveries include: how the notions of conservatism with regards to sexuality are rooted in Javanese culture and social values; the definitions, history, components, methods and principles of Western sex education (particularly Canadian); the measures of success for sex education programs in the West; and to what extent Western sex education can be applied to Javanese society. In the final chapter I offer recommendations for Javanese educational authorities on the need to create a new terminology of sex education.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1977. / Bibliography: leaves [217]-251. / Microfiche. / xiv, 251 leaves ill., maps

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2006. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: page 387-430.