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Mandibular fracture patterns as related to mechanism and nature of injury-A prospective audit of Johannesburg patientsDesai, Jameel 16 February 2007 (has links)
Student Number : 8801336R -
M Dent research report -
School of Oral Health (Dentistry) -
Faculty of Health Sciences / The Johannesburg Hospital is a major referral centre for trauma in Johannesburg, and
maxillofacial and oral surgery is one of the most utilized trauma and surgical departments at
this Hospital. Mandibular fractures comprise the bulk of facial fractures treated; unit statistics
on this type of fracture have been collected at intervals for thirty years. Data collection for the
current report was undertaken to update statistics on mandibular fractures, and was
undertaken over a six month period in 2004. This study assessed the epidemiology of
mandibular fractures in 133 patients; concentrating on age, gender, race, mechanism and
nature of injuries, site of fracture, treatment modalities and a cost analysis of surgical
treatment.
Black males in their 30’s made up the bulk of the study sample. A total of 203 fractures were
noted, with a mean of 1.5 fractures per mandible; with angle fractures being the most
commonly involved site (39%). Most patients sustained their injuries due to criminally
motivated incidents. At least 75% of all fractures in this series were surgically treated. This
report highlights some interesting trends that have changed over the last three decades, and
attempts to offer some plausible explanations for this.
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Stock prices as a leading indicator of economic activityGolding, John 31 October 2011 (has links)
Most asset pricing theories suggest that asset prices are forward looking and reflect market expectations of future earnings. By aggregating across companies, aggregate market prices may then be used as leading indicators of future Real GDP, Real Industrial Production and the level of Inflation. A Hodrick & Prescott (1981) filter is used to detrend the data, which is compiled on an annual and quarterly basis from the JSE, to test whether stock returns are in fact useful for indicating economic activity. An autoregressive model is constructed, yielding strong evidence of significance, in the first four quarters on a quarterly basis, and two years on an annual basis, for Real Stock Prices. Therefore, in terms of a South African context, the Cycle of Real Stock Prices are a leading indicator on the JSE.
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Altered States: a youth centre & safe house for at-risk adolescents in Westbury, JohannesburgKridiotis,Joanne Alexandra January 2016 (has links)
Thesis (M.Arch. (Professional))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2016. / Drug abuse, particularly among younger generations, is
an issue of increasing concern in South Africa. According
to recent reports on global substance abuse, South
Africa was named as having some of the highest rates
of youth drug use in the world. This not only has dire impacts
for local communities and their youth, but has led
to increasing crime rates and unemployment in these
communities. One such community, plagued with youth
drug abuse and addiction, is Westbury, a former coloured
township in Western Johannesburg. Westbury has, in
turn, been selected as the focus area for this thesis due
to prevailing struggles with youth drug addiction, high
rates of drug-related crime and a community outcry
for a solution. This thesis aims to investigate a means
of alleviating degrees of drug use, and other risky youth
behaviours, by introducing an architectural intervention.
This intervention – defined as a Youth Centre and Safe
House – will attempt to address the search for identity
and meaning within the liminal state of adolescence,
and the often risky behaviours that arise as a result, by
providing a sense of ‘place’ and belonging for the ailing
youth.
With the main focus group being at-risk adolescents,
and in order to create an architecture that speaks of the
liminal state of adolescence, threshold and ‘the space
between’ become important design concepts. This
thesis attempts to investigate the movement between
distinct spaces, the experience of transition, and the
physical and psychological effects thereof. The resultant
design proposes an architecture of liminality, where
soft, implied thresholds and a celebration of ‘the space
between’ become the manner in which the liminal subject
can negotiate the built environment and establish a
sense of ‘place’ within it. / EM2017
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A new vision for Johannesburg: investigation of the mining brownfields and the development of a green, sustainable strategy to intergrate the reclaimed landStelli, Jenna Chantal 04 February 2014 (has links)
The City of Johannesburg exists primarily due to the discovery of gold, and its urban form has
largely been shaped by the mining strip that runs from east to west along the gold reef. The City
initially grew along the mining axis, with the Central Business District (CBD) developing just to
the north of the belt. Today, the strip of mine tailings and slimes dams creates a vast space of
leftover, mostly undeveloped land adjacent to the City centre. The south of the City is physically
separated from the north by this strip of wasteland, and most current development is usually
only directed northwards towards Sandton and Pretoria.
This study considers the future significance of the mining brownfields and how the land can be
re-claimed, re-used and re-developed in order to structure and enhance the urban landscape of
Johannesburg. The mining strip represents the divisive and collective history of the City and can
potentially be used to create the connective tissue that could address this division and ultimately
form a cohesive Johannesburg. The linear mining strip is currently supported by railways and
industry and as such, provides an ideal setting for development, as useful infrastructure is
already present.
Brownfield sites, which are previously-developed urban sites with a potential for redevelopment,
and specifically mining brownfield sites, form the core of the research for this
study. The tailings and slimes dams of Johannesburg require extensive reclamation and
reprocessing, yet provide the ideal landscape for redevelopment. The variety of brownfield sites,
as well as the different ways to approach them is discussed within this document.
In order to validate the extensive effort that is required to overcome the many issues associated
with redeveloping the Johannesburg mining sites, the theory of Compact Cities pioneered in the
Netherlands has been investigated and is used as a case study in this document. The current
segregated and dispersed format of Johannesburg is not sustainable, and all future
development should aim for a denser City, greater mixed-use environments and the
predominance of public transport.
The focus initially will be on developing the land within the City, rather than that on the outskirts,
focusing primarily on the vacant land of the mining belt. Careful consideration will be given to
the fact that the natural environment is a key aspect to a future sustainable City, and reviews of
where this theory has been successfully implemented form a basis to the proposal of this
design. This study considers the use of natural landscapes as the catalyst for development
within Johannesburg. Natural systems are crucial to the form of the City and can create the
base for the linkage of open space systems, which is used to structure future development.
Natural mitigation techniques are also one of the best ways to remediate brownfield sites
Lastly, the specific history and character of the City of Johannesburg, and specifically the mining
belt, is considered in this document, as certain factors will define the process of re-development.
The existence of the Witwatersrand Reef and the historical development of the City have led to
the current status quo of the City. This thesis studies the patterns of growth that the City has
followed and how it has been impacted by gold mining.
The design portion of this thesis begins by forming a proposal to create a movement system
within Johannesburg based on the existing natural space networks. It considers integrating the
mining belt with this system in order to create a new structuring device to inform the
development of the urban form of the City.
The second part of the thesis attempts to construct a strategy that can be used in the
development of the vacant land along the mining belt, based on the above-mentioned open
space system for Johannesburg. A pivotal site within Johannesburg has been identified in order
to test the principles and concepts that have been explored. There are many challenges that
arise when developing on former mining land and this thesis attempts to address these issues
spatially, through an urban design framework.
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The public realm: part of a balanced cityClur, Gavin 09 February 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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The begging asymmetry: management of Inequalities in interactions between street beggars and motoristsTladi, Boledi Moralo January 2017 (has links)
A research project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MA Masters in Community-Based Counselling Psychology (Psychology) in the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 15/03/2017. / This research examines the interaction between beggars and motorists at traffic light
intersections in Johannesburg CBD. Drawing on approximately 80hrs of video recorded
interactions, the research primarily demonstrates the ways in which beggars and motorists
produce embodied actions in the management of their asymmetrical socioeconomic
positions, and more so the inequalities consequent of which. The phenomenon in question
takes place in everyday settings constituted by mundane practices and embodied actions. As
such, an ethnomethodologically oriented means towards gathering data served best suited
to this research. A qualitative Conversation Analysis approach serves an apt technique for
analysing the kind of fine-grained focus of the interactional phenomena observed (both
verbal and non-verbal). The analysis has been rooted in the analytic framework of the
greeting, request and offer adjacency pair types The progression of the analysis, as it
unfolds, lends an eye to a particular sequence organization that appears to have crystalized,
and further been reproduced in all of the beggar-motorist cases that have been examined
here. The discussion turns towards unpacking some of the socio-structural implications of
the embodied practices highlighted in the interaction of interest; particularly converging
some of the ideas presented regarding the way in which the beggar-motorist interactional
practices contribute to and maintain what can be seen as an institutionalized form of
inequality. / XL2018
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Oversight and accountability in the City of JohannesburgMbunge, Thandekile 04 August 2016 (has links)
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Management in the field of Public Policy / This study investigates oversight and accountability in the City of Johannesburg. The study explores the City of Johannesburg’s new governance model as implemented after the 2006 local government elections. The study is premised on establishing an understanding of the issues that the City of Johannesburg is grappling with since rolling out its oversight and accountability model as adopted by its Council in 2006. The Constitution of South Africa (1996) vests both the executive and legislative authority in the Municipal Council. This is in contrast to other spheres of government, namely National and Provincial, whereby there are specific chapters on what the Executive, the Parliament and Provincial Legislatures powers are.
The study begins by discussing the cases of separation of powers in local government in the United Kingdom and the City of Johannesburg governance model and the rationale behind implementing such a model. The study then makes an analysis of the legislative framework in South Africa that gives expression to oversight and accountability in government broadly. The study discusses its research methodology and the rationale for such a methodology in investigating issues that the City of Johannesburg is faced with in implementing its oversight and accountability model.
In this case study the researcher explores the functionality of the model. In doing so, the researcher then proposes ways of ensuring that the oversight and accountability could be more effective and whether there are any legislative impediments, and then propose to national law makers what needs to be done as informed by the research conducted
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Service provision for diabetes and hypertension at the primary level in the Johannesburg metropolitan areaSmith, Chad Hamilton 01 October 2008 (has links)
Executive Summary
Non-communicable disease currently accounts for 59% of global deaths and 46% of
the global burden of disease. In 2000, 38% of all male deaths and 43% of all female deaths,
in South Africa, were due to non-communicable disease. Like all health systems, the South
African health system is not adequately equipped to deal with these types of diseases. The
burden of chronic disease will grow over time due to factors such as urbanisation and
associated behaviours regarding food consumption and physical activity.
The World Health Organisation has developed the Innovative Care for Chronic
Conditions (ICCC) framework for resource-constrained settings. The ICCC framework is
structured into three levels: macro (positive policy environment), meso (community and
health care organisation) and micro (health care interactions) levels.
Using diabetes and hypertension as examples of chronic disease, this research drew
upon portions of this framework to examine service provision for chronic diseases in the
Gauteng Province. The overall aim of the study was to document the resources available to
manage chronic disease in the Gauteng Province by investigating primary health care clinics,
community organisations, and provincial and district support. The objectives were to
describe the following: health services offered by primary health care clinics in the city of iv
Johannesburg for the management of patients with diabetes and hypertension; the role of
district and provincial management in chronic disease care; and the role of community based
organisations within the city of Johannesburg in promoting good health, preventing chronic
illness, and providing curative and rehabilitative services. The micro level is represented by
primary health care (PHC) clinics, the meso level is represented by community-based
organisations (CBOs), and the macro level is represented by provincial and regional
managers. This is a qualitative, cross-sectional descriptive study. The study population is PHC
clinics, associated CBOs, and managers operating in Metropolitan Johannesburg, which is
managed by the provincial government. One Gauteng province sub-district was selected by
simple random sampling from a list of sub-districts containing at least five provincial PHC
clinics. The selected sub-district was located in Soweto and the four PHC clinics and two
community health centres were included in the study. Snowball sampling was used to select
the CBOs after contacting the PHC clinics. Chronic disease managers at the regional and
provincial level were also selected for the study.
Data was collected entirely through interviews. One key respondent was selected at
each site after contacting the site via telephone. The interview was in-depth and guided by a
pre-determined list of questions. The issues probed included topics common to all three
levels such as: challenges in chronic disease management, goals for chronic disease
management, financial and human resource issues and patient information. Interviews were
tape recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Ethics approval for the study was
obtained from the University of the Witwatersrand’s Human Research Ethics Committee
and authorisation to conduct the research was acquired from the Gauteng Provincial
Department of Health.
A total of 13 people were interviewed. At the micro level (PHC clinics), health care
workers believed there was an adequate skill mix for chronic disease care but felt
unsupported and understaffed. They did not feel motivated by the incentives currently
offered. No health information was maintained at the clinic and all patient information was
kept on cards. These cards were used to track patients’ progress, clinic attendance and
compliance. The only information collected, and sent for analysis, was a patient headcount.
Clinics primarily focused on curative treatment. Patients were deemed to be ‘controlled’ or ‘uncontrolled’ based on their ability to return to the clinic for monthly check-ups and
consistently achieve acceptable clinical indicators such as blood pressure and/or blood
glucose level. Medical doctors, the only health care workers permitted to initiate insulin
therapy, are present only at the community health centres. Patients at PHC clinics must
therefore receive referrals and travel to CHC to receive such treatment. PHC sisters did not
express an interest in being able to begin insulin therapy, suggesting it is too dangerous and
should only be performed by a medical doctor.
Five CBO representatives were interviewed. Only two community-based
organisations could be identified as having dealt specifically with chronic disease. Both of
which focused on diabetes but were inclusive of hypertension due to the number of patients
with both conditions. These organisations operated with no budget, paid staff or dedicated
office space. They maintained close relationships with clinic staff and ran support groups at
the clinic, many times with the help of sisters at the clinic. The other CBOs included in the
study were home-based care in nature and dealt primarily with HIV/AIDS. They began
treating these chronic disease patients when they realised the stigma of HIV/AIDS was
ultimately affecting their outreach. In contrast to the two chronic disease CBOs, the AIDS
related organisations all received government training and funding, which included stipends.
It was felt that the government training did not provide enough information regarding noncommunicable
chronic disease such as hypertension, and instead focused almost exclusively
on HIV/AIDS. A monthly meeting was held for all Soweto-based CBOs to discuss issues
and receive information from government representatives.
There exist dedicated chronic disease programme managers at both regional
(covering two districts) and provincial levels. Both levels support one another as they work
with the PHC clinics in managing chronic disease. Managers felt free to communicate ‘upwards’ from region to province and province to the national level on an as-needed basis.
With respect to PHC services, they saw their role largely as conduits. They provided
guidelines to the clinics that were created at the national level and then subsequently
monitored their guideline implementation by conducting random site visits. Managers felt
that health care worker support was to be accomplished at the clinic level, rather than being
their personal responsibility.
Chronic disease services, in the study area, held the primarily focus on curative care
rather than on health promotion, prevention and early diagnosis through screening. Nearly
all patient education was delivered to individuals who had already developed one or more
chronic conditions. Community-based organisations motivated those with chronic disease to
adhere to treatment protocols, make positive lifestyle choices, and provide patients with a
forum to discuss their conditions and learn from one another. They also worked with the
government to implement awareness campaigns each month. These campaigns included the
community and provided education to those whom had not yet developed a chronic disease.
All three levels of the ICCC are functional and communicate with each other, though
to varying degrees. While communication between levels is present, there exists a top-down
management style where workers feel unsupported. The government is heavily involved in
all three levels of chronic disease management. They train and pay PHC clinic staff and CBO
workers. The government produces and disseminates all guidelines and protocols and
monitor their implementation. The government accomplishes all these tasks while collecting
only monthly patient headcounts from each clinic.
Patients retain all clinical data and managers see no need to collect any data other
than a monthly headcount from each clinic. Nurses are unable to initiate insulin therapy and
are unhappy with the current incentive program. There are only two CBOs dedicated to chronic disease, all the rest focus primarily on HIV/AIDS. CBO workers do not feel there is
enough training regarding chronic diseases. Each level cite various challenges to successfully
managing chronic disease. These include, but are not limited to, low patient compliance,
finances, lack of family support, and human resource issues.
The research applied only a portion of the ICCC framework to one group of
government clinics - provincial PHC clinics and CHCs. Examining a larger number of clinics
and managers and applying a greater portion of the ICCC framework would be valuable
further research.
The following recommendations are a partial list of those generated by this research:
• Increase the amount of chronic disease information presented in the mandatory
government training of all CBO health care workers.
• Construct a comprehensive list of all CBOs that includes: contact information, where
they operate, services provided, current client addresses, etc. This will strengthen
their ability to partner with one another and reduce overlap in patient care.
• Educate patients better regarding how insulin works. This will decrease the usage of
herbal medicines that mask health problems and lessen patients’ fear of insulin. • PHC nurses could be trained and permitted to administer and/or initiate insulin
therapy.
• Enable managers to realise they can affect change in clinic staff, rather than feeling
this responsibility belongs solely to the clinic manager.
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Accommodating change: the historical centre of inner-city JohannesburgKeeling, Candice 18 June 2009 (has links)
In this thesis, the significance and best use of a site within the historical centre of inner-city Johannesburg is explored.
The site covers a city block and lies across the road from the Square on which the City Hall (housing the offices of the
Gauteng Provincial Legislature) is situated. The ‘Barbican’ - an important heritage building - occupies part of the site,
the remainder being vacant.
Both the site and the Square opposite it are situated within a twenty-four city block precinct which has undergone
considerable change since it first came into being one hundred and twenty-two years ago. These changes (particularly
those within the Square) have become relevant in the history and character of the precinct, and have been examined in
order to place the site into its context and to gain an insight into how and why it may be developed.
Changes that have had a substantial effect on the precinct allow its history to be roughly divided into four ‘Eras’. The
first of these being ‘Market Square’ (1886 – 1935) which relates to the first developments within the precinct - the
changes that made ‘a camp’ into a city. The second era is that of ‘Library Gardens’ (1935 – 1991) which details the
changes that occurred after a library was built on the Western side of the Square and the effect of this on it. The third
era is the ‘Civic Spine’ (1991 – 1994) which illustrates an attempt by the city to reactivate the precinct and the structures
that were built to facilitate this. The fourth era is the ‘Provincial Government Precinct’ (1994 – to date), which
deals with the conversion of the City Hall into the offices of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature and the changes that
are currently occurring in the precinct.
The four eras were used to provide an historical context for three layers of urban interconnection that may be found
within the precinct and include: history, urban space and public place. History explores the ‘past’ of the site; Urban
Space concerns the types of space that were created, being based on the urban theory of the time; and Public Place
involves occupation of the spaces by the public which resulting in these spaces becoming places and therefore destinations.
The results of this investigation were used in the creation of one structure and the conversion of another that will best
utilise the site and benefit the precinct in which it is located.
The programme that is now outlined comprises a convention centre, gallery and a hotel. The convention centre may
be used for both local and provincial government functions, as well as those required by the private sector, given that
few (and inadequate) facilities exist at this time within the inner-city. The gallery will depict the numerous changes that
are described; the hotel to accommodate conference delegates and others.
After the programme has been provided, the results of an exploration of convention centres and their chief components
is related. In addition, the historical building – ‘The Barbican’ is situated (in one corner of the site) and raises the
relevance of historical conservation. Elements in the construction of a new convention centre on the site and ways in
which the Barbican may be used to connect the old with the new are taken into consideration.
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Bonds of opportunity or constraint? understanding the impact and use of social networks amongst urban migrants in Johannesburg.Nystrom, Daniel 28 August 2012 (has links)
This study looks at the importance of social networks amongst urban migrants in
Johannesburg. The aim of the study was to look at how the social networks of international
migrants function, and how migrants make use of these networks in an urban setting;
examining whether this differs between migrants with established social networks available at
their final destination before departure, and migrants without such social networks, and if so,
how it differs. The study looks at the importance of social networks throughout the entire
migration process, more specifically investigating their impact on the decision-making,
journey, arrival and adaptation conditions. The literature review highlights research within the
areas of social capital and social networks, research which was used to develop the definition
of social networks used in this thesis. The literature review further shows that most research
on the subject has emphasised the advantages of having friends or family available at the
country of destination. This chapter also establishes a set of important indicators which
formed the framework of areas which needed to be included in the analysis of adaptation.
In order to analyse the importance of social networks, a mixed methods approach was
adopted. This approach allowed the quantitative section to establish particular relationships
between variables, while the qualitative section explained these relationships further. The
comprehensive quantitative data which was used came from the African Cities Project (ACP)
which was a comparative and longitudinal survey conducted in 2008. To further explore the
findings from this data, a case study was conducted using in-depth interviews with the most
interesting migrant group identified in the ACP data; the Somalis. The decision to select the
Somalis as the subject of the qualitative case study was based on the findings of the
quantitative analysis, and in particular the fact that the Somali respondents in many ways
contradicted much of the previous literature on social networks.
The findings of this thesis suggest that the significance of social networks during the
migration process has often been exaggerated in the literature. According to the data used in
this study, migrants without social networks tend to be more successful in many areas,
especially when it comes to adapting to the new country. Having personal networks at the
country of destination before departure seems to be less important than the cultural knowledge
needed to find and make use of the networks and assistance available.
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