A Research Project Submitted to the Faculty of Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in Part Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Education Johannesburg, 1986 / This investigation looks at the appearance of the high-risk student, and the compensatory education programmes which developed to try and help cope with this problem. It examines the issues and findings of almost three decades of American research into the matter, a, well as the more recent South African investigations. Factors affecting evaluations of education programmes, and which could contribute to the lack of concensus about the worth of these programmes, are discussed. Finally attention is focussed on the evaluation of a specific Zoology Academic Support Programme. The evaluation, based on Patton's paradigm of choices, includes both summative and formative aspects, It Is hoped >.ha^ e former will assist the reader to make an informed decision about the worth of this programme. The lat.er illuminate some of the issues affecting the program..,, s success, in the hope that a better understanding of these will allow for modifications to improve the effectiveness of this programme.

This document is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree: Master of Architecture [Professional] at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, in the year 2015. / This Thesis, Urban Active Junction: Connecting neighbourhoods with a NTM fitness centre, is about movement and physical exercise in an urban environment. In-between spaces are often underutilised, creating an opportunity for to connect and integrate adjacent spaces. With the help of human activity these space can become public environment with a social atmosphere, which can be enhanced through design details. I then introduce non-motorised transport and the significant need for an alternative mode of transport, due to increasing congestion in the city. This is done through an analysis cycling and what is required to develop cycling as an alternative mode of transport. The relationship between body and building, illustrate their intertwined and inseparable nature. Despite the wide range of movement that the body is capable of, architecture has the ability to enhance a user’s experience of a space by stimulating a sensory response to the building, while also manipulating the body into particular movement patterns. The programme of the building creates a dialogue between different the public space and the building. A with a non-motorised transport interchange and a gymnasium making up the bulk of the programme, serving to integrate the contrasting communities of Bellevue and Yeoville with Houghton. The site is located on the corner of Louis Botha Avenue and Cavendish Street on the border Bellevue, Yeoville and Houghton. Through a thorough urban analysis and site analysis the site is understood in greater detail, with precedent studies serving to give relevance to certain design decisions. The design of the building opens to the urban context on the ground floor, with movement routes informing positioning and functionality of space / GR 2017

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment for the requirements for the Degree of Master of Management in the field of Public Development / The purpose of the study was aimed at understanding whether the economic hub of South Africa is able to create the jobs it wants to, specifically with reference to “Green” jobs. It will seek to understand if there are barriers to the realisation of this objective and if these barriers can be overcome. Explore whether the Metropolitan City Council of Johannesburg (CoJ or Johannesburg Municipality), which has embarked on a Green Economy trajectory, can create jobs though the Green Economy. The CoJ promised, through it long-term strategy, the Growth and Development Strategy (GDS) 2040, to play its part in reducing unemployment in the Country. The main finding is that the City is able to create jobs, both within and beyond its borders, but it cannot as yet quantify the number of jobs created or the potential number of jobs that can be created though the Green Economy. / GR2018

This thesis is submitted to the School of Architecture and Planning, University of the Witwatersrand in fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters of Architecture (Professional) / This thesis, entitled ‘The New Public’, aims to investigate the role of public space and civic architecture in the information age. Specifically, examining the role of design in facilitating multiple different forms of public life as well as challenging the current approaches to pedestrian movement within the city. The design approach was to create a campus containing a new public space and a hybrid civic building which together allow for spaces that facilitate new forms of public engagement. The aim of this campus is to create public spaces which host many different forms of public life and allow for mixing and exchange. The thesis is grounded in the context of 21st century Johannesburg, a city which brands itself a ‘world-class African city’ and whose vision is to be a city that provides real quality of life for all its citizens. However, while the current spatial policies strive to build a collective and shared vision for the future of Johannesburg, the city still plagued by a past based on segregation and inequality. What this has left us with is a bifurcated public environment. A spatial condition further impaired by the currently strongly dived public and quasi-public transport systems. I have therfore chosen to site my project in a space within the city which encompasses these issues: The Park Station precinct, Johannesburg. The research component of this thesis aims to unpack the factors which have led to a change in the culture of use of the public realm both globally and locally. I also investigate how Johannesburg’s past and current planning strategies created spaces that contain a ‘legacy of separation’. Lastly the research extends to the relationship between public transport and public space and the effect of transit oriented design (TOD) approaches on public life.

A report submitted to the University of Witwatersrand in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Sociology by Coursework and Research Report The Department of Sociology The Faculty of Humanities March 2016 / Rape is an important topic of enquiry in South Africa due to the high incidences of rape and the underreporting of the crime to legal authorities. This research is exploratory in nature and is concerned with how the four women interviewed employ specific narratives to aid or inhibit their ability to speak about their experience of being raped, and the ways in which rape survivors position themselves within their own stories and societal discourses of rape. A detailed analysis was done of the research available on hegemonic masculine power, societal discourses and myths about rape, silencing and personal and public narratives. Through this analysis rape is placed within a framework of patriarchy and control. Four female rape survivors living in Johannesburg were found using targeted sampling, and were interviewed using a recording devise and unstructured, one-on-one interviews. These interviews were transcribed and coded, and then analysed using Thematic Narrative Analysis. Great care was taken throughout the research process to ensure that it is ethical and that no harm was done to any of the interviewees or anyone else. It was found that each of the interviewees came to represent three distinct narratives, namely the stranger rape narrative, the date/acquaintance rape narrative and the child rape narrative. These narratives appear to sometimes be in tension and conflict with one another, creating confusion in the positionality and believability of the rape survivor. It was also found that narratives are often employed as ways of defining the experience of rape and challenging rape myths and public narratives of rape. The women interviewed for the purposes of this paper drew attention to various themes within their narratives, such as tensions between their own experience of rape and societal discourses of rape, empowerment, safe spaces to talk about trauma, education, consent and control. Further research could be conducted to explore this topic in greater detail and expand upon the knowledge that was gathered and investigated in this research report. / MT2017

The diasporic movement of Chinese people to South Africa, through time and space, unfolds the current discourse of cultural identity within the multicultural flows of our society. Diluting the Chinese culture into a hybrid of Chinese and South African identity, results in a disconnection to their homeland and their loss of “Chineseness.” However, the global realities of diaspora in the 21st century render this condition inevitable and so, consequently, this thesis aims to celebrate the Chinese culture as well as the fusion of Chinese culture, through the creation of culturally integrative spaces. Sited at Ferreirasdorp in Johannesburg’s city centre, this project involves the design of a Chinese Cultural Institute in conjunction with retail and informal trade. The broad intention is to provide a catalyst for the revival of the earliest Chinatown within this historical corner of the city. Chinese migratory movement to South Africa occurred at different times, for different reasons and from a number of places in China, and this variation has resulted in the dispersal of these migrants throughout Johannesburg. The earliest Chinatown is one of these dispersed spaces. In addition to this larger scale diaspora, there are subcultural conflicts that exist between these Chinese communities that have further increased their dispersal. However, in this present-day atmosphere of celebrating cultural difference in Johannesburg and in light of the business relationship formed between China and Africa, there is a need to bring these diverse yet segregated Chinese communities together. The principal research question is: Can architecture become a translator that can facilitate communication across cultures and subcultures?” The building therefore consists of flexible spaces that can easily adapt and transform to suit the users’ needs. This includes meeting spaces, whether it be a formal office space or under tree in the courtyard, so that Chinese businessmen can communicate with businessmen from local industries. The project also provides a variety of cultural activities. This includes Chinese cooking classes for anyone interested in learning about the richly diverse cuisines across China. Pan-Asian activities such as Karaoke Bars and Thai Massages are also provided in order to acknowledge the existing variety of Asian cultures in the city, and to accommodate for a larger scope of users. This thesis therefore explores how spaces can facilitate interaction between these cultures as well as distinguish and celebrate the various Chinese subcultures that exist in metropolitan Johannesburg. In accomplishing the goals of this design, the building becomes a place of exchange. Through connections of movement and visibility, it allows new spatial and social opportunities to develop in order to create a variety of identities in our contemporary African city. The building encourages the Chinese communities to claim it as their own while simultaneously providing accessibility to a variety of other users who can experience cultures reverberating off each other, through a mixture of activities, from moment to moment.

Living in a country plagued by high crime rates and negative perceptions of the South African Police Service, South Africans are relying more and more on devices such as siege architecture and fortification to attain a sense of safety and security. However, these fortified enclaves do not just provide people with a sense of safety, they also serve as manifestations of Apartheid memory: intensifying segregation and ‘othering’, discouraging the growth of community and working against the development of healthy and inspiring civic spaces. At the same time, society’s obsession with police criminality, intensified by the influence of the media, has made policing one of the most contentious topics in post-Apartheid South Africa. Consequently, the relationship between the police – the state’s strong-arm of power – and the people is fragile, tense, and unpredictable, symptomatic of the palpable divide that separates the state and the people, a divide which is reinforced by a lack of spatial justice and a relic architecture which neither the state nor the people can identify with. As a tangible tool of cultural expression and a discourse of time and place, architecture embodies a nation’s shared history, its present, and its future aspirations. Architecture is also fundamental to the cause of change, serving as a catalyst and an interface through which the divide between the state and its people may be reconciled. However, the police station as an institutional building – a social incubator – remains apathetic to the ‘everyday’. This archetype demands a drastic rethinking of both parti and contextual setting. Such a reform could potentially transform the police station into an integral, effective, and active facilitator of relationships and make possible the goal of ‘community policing’.

With the continuous urban expansion, assessing how some species can survive in urban environments, particularly through modifying their behaviour, is becoming increasingly important. Urban wildlife can show phenotypic (e.g. behavioural) flexibility to exploit urban areas but it is also possible that they could seek refuges that match their phylogenetic niche requirements. The public’s perceptions of these “urban” species may also influence their success within urban centres. Using the rock hyrax, Procavia capensis, in Greater Johannesburg as a model species, I assessed the flexible and niche conservative hypotheses for its occurrence in urban areas. In particular, I investigated 1) the behaviour and flight initiation distance (FID; a measure of habituation to people) of rock hyraxes in warm (February and September) and cold (June and July) months at an urban site, Meyersdal Eco Estate, south of Johannesburg; and 2) the occurrence and public perception of rock hyraxes in Greater Johannesburg. At Meyersdal Eco Estate, three colonies were identified along an approximately 2km gradient of proximity to humans, from those living in a storm-water drain and gardens to a colony situated >100m from houses. The three colonies showed differences in behavioural patterns compared to a natural population located in the Mountain Zebra National Park, Eastern Cape Province. Although behaviours such as basking, sunbathing, travelling, grooming, and vigilance did not change between the colonies, feeding behaviour was greater and FID scores were shorter in the colony closest to people, indicating greatest habituation to people compared to the colony furthest from people, which showed reduced feeding behaviour and greatest FID distance. The intermediately situated colony showed intermediate levels of feeding and FID. The behaviour of rock hyraxes was not influenced by deterrents (boa, Boa constrictor constrictor, dung and wild garlic, Tulbaghia violacea) used at Meyersdal to keep rock hyraxes away from gardens. Rock hyraxes ate a variety of plants including grasses, forbs, shrubs, trees and succulents at each of the colonies, but the colony closest to people also ate a variety of garden plants which I did not observe at the two other colonies, including two species of wild garlic, T. violacea and T. simmleri. Within Greater Johannesburg, rock hyraxes occurred in the northern and southern suburbs, and appeared to avoid densely urbanized areas. Resource selection functions suggested rock hyraxes associated with rocky outcrops potentially conforming to the niche conservatism hypothesis, although they did not select for any particular landscape feature in the Greater Johannesburg environment. The public viewed rock hyraxes more positively than anticipated, with most suggesting that they were part of the urban biodiversity of Greater Johannesburg. In conclusion, rock hyraxes have modified their behaviour and habituated to people over surprisingly small spatial scales. Such behavioural flexibility over comparatively short distances is a novel finding. However, rocky outcrops are still important natural habitats to meet thermoregulatory and denning requirements, and are used to explore and exploit the urban environment. Because they are constrained by their thermoregulatory requirements, habitat analogues (e.g. storm water drains) might create opportunities to enter houses and gardens. Such flexible responses, which together with a tolerant public, might allow them to flourish in Johannesburg.

A research report submitted to the Wits School of Arts in the Faculty of Humanities at the University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the Masters Degree in Coursework and Research in Arts, Culture and Heritage studies. Johannesburg, 2015 / One of the principal purposes of the Johannesburg Art Gallery (JAG), one of Johannesburg’s public institutions, is to educate the public through the arts. The many changes, including political changes, in South Africa that caused the movement of people from one area to another have affected the audience participation at this museum. The Johannesburg Art Gallery is located in Joubert Park, the southern part of Hillbrow, which has been affected by the changes that have taken place from the time of the museum’s inception to the present day, when the area is inhabited by black people from all over Africa. The concern is therefore to understand the relationship between these two. I plan to interrogate the mission of JAG, to find out if it is relevant to the community that it is located in, and if the community is aware and supportive of JAG’s activities. The purpose of this investigation is to challenge the methods that are used by JAG to obtain and maintain visitors to the museum, and to expand the target market group by shifting focus from the people that used to live within this community to the present-day inhabitants. This is done by finding out from the Joubert Park community what is it that they wish to see in this museum. By observing their everyday life and interviewing them, I explore why or how much the people of Joubert Park are involved in the Johannesburg Art Gallery today. To reach the conclusion of this research, observing the area and interviewing the community will be followed by interviewing the co-ordinators of the Joubert Park Project (started in 2000) that was designed for the purpose of involving this community in the public spaces and institutions around them, and finally the employees of the Johannesburg Art Gallery. In addition, studying recent successful exhibitions would possibly reveal the explanation of what people want to see. In this world of ever-changing technology and culture of cyber space, can a museum attract new audiences by using methods that are contemporary and interactive?

A research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Property Management and Development to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2016 / Purpose – Within the paradigm of consumer behaviour, the purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of the various property-specific factors that influence office occupation decisions in the decentralized office nodes of Johannesburg. The aim was to provide more definitive information on office space occupation to real estate marketers, managers, investors and owners. Design/Methodology/Approach – A Malaysian study by Adnan et al. (2012) was replicated in the South African context, utilizing their (adjusted) questionnaire survey. After review, Adnan et al.’s (2012) data analysis methods were altered and, in addition, three key-informant interviews were conducted to discuss the results of the survey and to try and gain further insight into the findings. Findings – The three categories that were considered of highest importance were Cost/Financial Considerations, Services and Management. Factors that scored the highest overall were Security & Access Control, Car Parking Provisioning & Accessibility, Electricity Systems & Provisioning and Rental Rate. The categories On-site Amenities, Space Functionality & Atmosphere and Location were considered of least importance. Research Limitations/Implications – The study was confined to property-specific factors and limited to tenants in P-grade, A-grade and B-grade office buildings in the decentralized office nodes of Johannesburg. It also took place during a specific stage of the South African economic cycle. Further research is required to determine the impact of office grade, firm type, firm size and economic climate on office occupation decisions. Originality/Value – No research on this topic exists within the South Africa context and this study contributes to the limited research, internationally, on real estate within the consumer behaviour paradigm. / MT2017