O tradutor literário pode estimular o diálogo entre a tradição literária da obra original e a da língua-alvo. Para essa finalidade, proponho a tradução de autores por intermédio de outros autores. Tal abordagem revela-se satisfatória por três razões: (a) a literariedade de uma obra não se perderia invariavelmente num texto denotativo escrito em linguagem padronizada para consumo popular, a menos que fosse essa a intenção do tradutor; (b) por outro lado, levar-se-ia igualmente em conta o contexto literário da língua-alvo, sem prejuízo das opções estéticas do tradutor e não obstante limitações que lhe fossem impostas pelo mercado; (c) essa atitude em relação aos paideumas envolvidos permitiria um sem-número de possibilidades tradutórias. Esta visão não-reducionista e não-prescritiva do processo de tradução literária tenta assim explicitar e desenvolver um aspecto inerente ao ofício do tradutor, pois só se pode efetivamente traduzir literatura a partir dela própria. / Translating authors through other authors can enable the translator of literature to promote vigorous interaction between the literary tradition of the original and that of the target language. This approach to translation proves useful for three main reasons: (a) a work\'s literariness would no longer be watered down by translators attempting a reader-friendly, contemporary rendering in plain language, unless this is clearly their choice; (b) the other extreme would likewise be avoided, as both the local literary heritage and the translator\'s preferences would be relevant, despite the everpresent need to meet editorial demands; (c) this attitude toward the role of opposing traditions in literary translation would entertain various possibilities. Thus this nonbinding quasi-manifesto seeks to elucidate literary translation and above all to unveil it as the site where literature begets literature.

Este trabalho pretende analisar cuidadosamente os mecanismos empregados por James Joyce para a representação das vozes e do convívio das várias instâncias e individualidades vocais em seu romance Ulysses. Para isso ele realiza uma minuciosa leitura (a todo momento partindo de exemplos concretos) de cada um dos dezoito episódios do romance, buscando primeiro estabelecer uma base, uma técnica primeira, a partir da qual será comentado o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas e novos efeitos, episódio a episódio. Para esta leitura, será central a idéia de arranjo, conforme definida por David Hayman. Num segundo momento, as formulações estabelecidas a partir da letra do texto joyceano serão confrontadas com o que os estudos do círculo de filósofos da linguagem cuja figura central é Mikhail Bakhtin puderam dizer a respeito das mesmas questões. Como parte de seu desenvolvimento e também como parte de seu resultado, o trabalho apresenta ainda uma nova tradução do Ulysses para o português / This work deals with the mechanics of the representation of voices and the representation of their co-existence (both as individual voices and as representatives of different levels of the narrative structure) in the novel Ulysses, by James Joyce. The first objective has been the detailed reading and analysis (always grounding the commentary on concrete examples) of each of the eighteen episodes of the novel, trying in a first moment to establish the notion of a basic technique, to which new procedures and new effects will be added as the novel progresses. In this reading, the ideas of David Hayman (best represented in his creation of the arranger) have been of the utmost importance. After that, all that has been extracted from Joyce\'s text has been compared to the writings of that circle of Russian scholars defined by the central presence of Mikhail Bakhtin, trying to refine from them all that may deal with the same questions. Both as part of its development and as part of its final product, this thesis presents also a new Brazilian translation of Ulysses

Este trabalho pretende analisar cuidadosamente os mecanismos empregados por James Joyce para a representação das vozes e do convívio das várias instâncias e individualidades vocais em seu romance Ulysses. Para isso ele realiza uma minuciosa leitura (a todo momento partindo de exemplos concretos) de cada um dos dezoito episódios do romance, buscando primeiro estabelecer uma base, uma técnica primeira, a partir da qual será comentado o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas e novos efeitos, episódio a episódio. Para esta leitura, será central a idéia de arranjo, conforme definida por David Hayman. Num segundo momento, as formulações estabelecidas a partir da letra do texto joyceano serão confrontadas com o que os estudos do círculo de filósofos da linguagem cuja figura central é Mikhail Bakhtin puderam dizer a respeito das mesmas questões. Como parte de seu desenvolvimento e também como parte de seu resultado, o trabalho apresenta ainda uma nova tradução do Ulysses para o português / This work deals with the mechanics of the representation of voices and the representation of their co-existence (both as individual voices and as representatives of different levels of the narrative structure) in the novel Ulysses, by James Joyce. The first objective has been the detailed reading and analysis (always grounding the commentary on concrete examples) of each of the eighteen episodes of the novel, trying in a first moment to establish the notion of a basic technique, to which new procedures and new effects will be added as the novel progresses. In this reading, the ideas of David Hayman (best represented in his creation of the arranger) have been of the utmost importance. After that, all that has been extracted from Joyce\'s text has been compared to the writings of that circle of Russian scholars defined by the central presence of Mikhail Bakhtin, trying to refine from them all that may deal with the same questions. Both as part of its development and as part of its final product, this thesis presents also a new Brazilian translation of Ulysses

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Köln, 2000. / Bibliogr. p. 345-375. Annexes.

"This study, in an earlier version, was presented to Yale University as a dissertation for the doctorate." / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-79). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

"This study, in an earlier version, was presented to Yale University as a dissertation for the doctorate." / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (B.A.)--Haverford College, Dept. of English, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

M.A. (African Languages) / This study envisages J.J. Gwayi's usage of history in writing her novel, Yekanini. The study shows Gwayi's success in writing an historical novel and how the novel is linked to the past. History refers to something which happened in the past. Gwayi has based her novel (current) on the novels written in the past (precursors). The concepts of intertextuality, influence and parasite have helped me to find traces of Ntuli's Umbuso KaShaka and Mofolo's Chaka in Gwayi's novel, Yekanini. Gwayi has tried to reinterpret the misinterpretations in the work of the two precursor writers. In finding misinterpretations I compare what each writer says about Shaka and his mother, Nandi, and evaluate the declarations and check the reliability of the information and the reality of the novel. .. The study also tries to find out what and to what extent might have influenced Gwayi to write this novel. Gwayi herself says that she has read many Zulu and English books and found them all wrong. She has written Yekanini to right the wrongs of the past. The role played by the individual characters has been shown. It is now Clear that in writing about either Shaka or Nandi, it would be a mistake to leave out the other. Gwayi sums it up by saying, "The work of an artist would be incomplete."