Kaohsiung Harbor is one of the major commercial ports in Taiwan, located at the hub of northeastern and southeastern Asia shipping lanes. Therefore there are a considerable number of commercial shipping channels distributed around Kaohsiung Harbor. The security of Kaohsiung Harbor becomes more difficult to defense than others due to the complexity of channels. In this study, Automatic Identification System (AIS) system is used to collect the ships information from June 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011. The collected AIS data were decoded, converted, corrected, integrated and analyzed systematically, which will become the base of future database. The information of the AIS includes Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI), latitude and longitude, heading, course, speed, and others. The activities of ships can be monitored by AIS, so the density and distribution of ships on each major channel can be obtained by grid computing. By the results of one-year AIS data, three major shipping channels of Kaohsiung Harbor can be identified, which are north-western, north-southern, and east-western. Based on this kind of long term shipping statistics, possible novel harbor security defense may be founded. Although the AIS was designed to monitor the ship activities, but it can be viciously shut down, or signal is out of range sometimes, then it will become the possible security breach. Nevertheless, ships at sea will generate certain kind of noises, such as from engine and propeller. With efficient propagation of sound waves in water, acoustic technology may compensate the limitations of AIS, to be a feasible method of detecting unknown ships. In this study, acoustic modeling code ¡§Acoustic Module for Sea-surface Noise¡¨ (AMSN) is applied by using the ship position information from AIS, to calculate the related underwater noise sound field of Kaohsiung Harbor. Discussions were made on the dependence of noise level variation with ship density. As a conclusion, with sufficient understanding of sound field statistics of harbor, any anomaly of noise level can be an indication of hostile intrusion, thus harbor security can be further assured.

Abstract Kaohsiung Harbor is one of the most important international sea ports in the world. Due to the long-standing lack of in-situ current data, the complex variations of the flow field in this basin still remain unclear. As a consequence, the related environmental problems such as oil spills, water quality management and ship maneuvering safety , have long been a great concern in this harbor. The present study is conducted to better understand the flow field in the Kaohsiung Harbor. A series of synoptic flow observations of the Kaohsiung Harbor were conducted by using towed-ADCP or EM current meters. From these observations it can be shown that the flow field of the Kaohsiung Harbor is¡GWater entering the harbor through the second entrance and exiting the harbor through the first entrance during ebbs. During floods the flows are reversed. A 3-D numerical model (from POM) is developed for the Kaohsiung Harbor. The flows are more complicated by the M2 tide driven than by the mixed tide driven. From the results by the M2 tide driven show the ocean current is variable, especially the south ocean current. Therefore, the flows are more complicated owing to the mixed tidal characteristics and shoreline geometry. The maximum current speeds amount to 30 - 40 cm/s in the narrow first entrance and 10 - 20 cm/s in the second entrance. It is clearly demonstrated from the model results that drainage from the Chien-Chen River affects greatly the salinity and circulation patterns of the Kaohsiung Harbor, causing the salinity of the first entrance to be lower than that of the second entrance, and the surface layers flowing outward toward the ocean while the lower layers displaying tidal oscillations. From the modeling results, the influence of the wind on the harbor flows is insignificant and the tide is main force in the harbor. Under the simultaneous forcing of river and wind, flood and ebb tidal streams leaving the two entrances are found to diverge in a flow stagnation area inside the harbor near Pier 45 and 61, respectively. Based on the modeling results, it can be concluded that the main factors affecting the flow patterns of the Kaohsiung Harbor are (1) mixed tidal nature, (2) shoreline geometry and (3) river runoff

The fiercer competition among international harbors drives every port to reinforce operation efficiency to attract carriers and to develop competition strategies to grow competence. In those years, Kaohsiung Harbor has slumped from the third to the fifth largest carrier harbor in the world. It is the overall symptom of competition risks for seaports in Taiwan. The severe situation, though, it is exactly what we can strive to revert the declining trend. Facing this topic composed of dynamic complexities, we can leverage systematic deliberation and dynamic simulation to revamp the status quo structure and create beneficial behavior model. In this thesis, we adopt system dynamics to build up a typical dynamic harbor model to dig out the crucial facets key to the growth of an international seaport and henceforth serve for basis of the decision-making. The main conclusions of this research are as follows: 1.The four facets that influence the development of a harbor are ¡§The economic strength of the hinterland,¡¨ ¡§The completeness of the harbor facilities, whether the construction of the harbor can keep in pace with the volume of containers,¡¨ ¡§The openness of the harbor,¡¨ ¡§The superiority of the geographic location.¡¨ 2.Whatever the import, export, or even transfer, the rate policy of a harbor will help little to the growth of the volume of containers with the other conditions unchanged. The disastrous effect of rate slash will be revenue decline; keeping volume while losing profit. In the long term, it will become a viscous circle. The freedom policy will be far more important than rate policy according to our policy analysis. 3.If the construction progress of wharfs can be in pace with the growth of enterprises, it will lower the interference between each other, reduce inefficient investment, and increase inter-stability. It¡¦s therefore the more accurate estimation of the growth of a harbor, the less disturbance effected by the other loops.

Port of Kaohsiung is the most important harbor of southern Taiwan and it was once the third biggest cargo harbor in the world. Recently, the ranking of Port of Kaohsiung dropped from the 3rd to the 13th, thus the Central Government of Taiwan has introduced a plan to enhance the situations. ¡§Urban Renewal Project of Kaohsiung Port Railway Station,¡¨ involves the development planning of many sites and the waterfront regeneration along the Kaohsiung Harbor. This paper argues that the sustainability is the key of success of the project. This paper will (1) to discuss the gains from the economic developments, (2) to examine the details and discuss the coming challenges and potential obstacles in pursuing greater socio-economic goodness, and (3) outline the possible solutions, practices, and mechanisms which might be useful in attaining a sustainable development of Kaohsiung Harbor by studying other countries¡¦ success and failures in their waterfront redevelopment projects.

Kaoshiung Port had natural advantage of geographical conditions plus adopting the strategy of developing container center in 1970 and also was developed and operated achievement very well in past 20 years for prevailing in containerization. In late 1990, Kaoshiung Port faced internal and external competitive stress because global planning and management affairs were getting in vogue and neighboring countries invested in harbor facilities competitively. By far three years nearly, Kaoshiung Port was in very competitive circumstance and had to adopt seriously some tactic to promote its competition. In 2001, Taiwan government brought up the policy of Free-Trade Port Zone (FTPZ) and intended establishing FTPZ in harbor or airport in order to solicit for propriertors¡¦ investment against the businesses such as exhibition, processing manufacturing and transshipment of storehouse. Due to many examples in growth with high-speed by FTPZ in overseas harbors, KHB respects on this policy very much and strives with all its strength to set up FTPZ in Kaoshiung Port. There are no any precedents of domestic FTPZ in Taiwan. In order to find out the effect of FTPZ to Kaoshiung Port and point for attention and improvement in driving this strategy, following status are found out by this research with collection and discussion on reference sub-data and SWOT analysis of Kaoshiung Port¡¦s competition plus statistical analysis of survey. 1. 71% of persons consider that KHB will promote its advantage in competition and increase container sales revenue to establish FTPZ, extremely 93% of persons think KHB will get much help if government opens direct transportation links with Mainland 2. Following importance of external and internal factors affect whether FTZP will carry out and develop its function: External: Opening up direct transportation links with Mainland, good investment environment, preferential land tax and other levies, efficient clearance, proprietors¡¦ investment will. Internal: advantage of geographical localities, tally with information system of users¡¦ demand, efficient stevedoring, organized system of operation decision-making power, reasonable port tariff, rental and flexible adjustment, respect of customers¡¦ suggestion and high quality service, sufficient container areas 3. In order to apply effectively with restricted resources, now KHB has priority to improve its serviced resources of internal is information system, organized system, selling action, and human resources. Eventually, in order that KHB establishes tactical target of FTPZ effectively, mainly there are some suggestions to two parts, government¡¦s policy-making department and KHB, by this research to pass the bill of FTPZ, open direct transportation links with Mainland, adjust organized system of KHB, improve service system with right remedial steps, reform the rental mode of container harbor, and cooperate with succeeded international harbors or strategic alliance.