The thesis deals with the issue of increasing the whiteness index of kaolin raw material. The research was focused on floating the kaolin suspension and the subsequent processes related to increasing the whiteness index. Increasing the whiteness of the kaolin raw material took place on the basis of acid leaching. The eluents were based on sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid and sodium bisulfite. The leaching process was influenced by the temperature and concentration of the leaching agent. Floated and leached kaolin samples were characterized by several methods. The XRD method investigated the mineralogical composition and the kaolinite structure order. The distribution of chromogenic components was monitored by SEM-EDS. Residues of organic matter was determined by COD test and the concentration of chromogenic components in the extract was monitored by the ICP-OES method. Last but not least, the index of whiteness was measured, the increase of which is the aim of the diploma thesis, using a UV-VIS spectrometer with reflective extension.

CSÁKI, Štefan: Thermophysical and electrical properties of illite-based ceramics. [Doctoral thesis]. Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra. Faculty of Natural Sciences. Charles University. Faculty of Mathematics and Physics. Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Libor Vozár, CSc. (Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra), doc. Ing. Patrik Dobroň, PhD. (Charles University). Nitra & Prague, 2018. 107 p. Illitic clays are of special importance in the ceramic industry. Therefore, a deep knowledge of the thermophysical processes, as well as the electric properties, is of special importance. The illitic clay originated in Northeastern Hungary was used in this thesis. The reactions, occurring during firing, were studied using thermal analyses (Differential thermal analysis, Thermogravimetry, Thermodilatometry) and special attention was paid to the measurement of the electrical conductivity (both DC and AC). Up to 250 řC, where the removal of the physically bond water (PBW) takes place, the dominant charge carriers were the H+ and OH- ions. After the PBW was removed, Na+ and K+ ions became the dominant charge carriers. During dehydroxylation (450 - 750 řC) H+ and OH- ions were freed from the illite structure, which supported the electrical conduction in the samples. At ~ 970 řC glassy phase appeared...

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Aktivierung der Bildungsbedingungen von Mullit in Pulvermischungen anorganischer Al3+ - und Si4+-haltiger Ausgangsrohstoffe mit stöchiometrischer Zusammensetzung von 3/2-Mullit untersucht. Eine mit 1,25 Atom-% Magnesiumhydroxid dotierte und unter hydrothermalen Bedingungen (300°C/24 h) ausgelagerte Pulvermischung aus Gibbsit und Quarz zeichnet sich beim Sintern ab 1150°C durch hohe Mullitisierungsraten aus. Dieser Mullitprekursor kann erfolgreich als Bindematrix in einem Werkstoff auf Sintermullitbasis eingesetzt werden. Nach der Sinterung (1600°C/2 h) einer Versatzmischung aus 70 Masse-% Sintermullit und 30 Masse-% Mullitprekursor entsteht ein homogenes Werkstoffgefüge in dem die ursprünglichen Korngrenzen der Sintermullitkörnung und der mullitisierenden Bindematrix nicht mehr zu identifizieren sind. Das Gefüge dieses Werkstoffes ist durch eine große Anzahl kleiner Poren (< 10 µm) mit enger Porengrößenverteilung gekennzeichnet.

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In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Aktivierung der Bildungsbedingungen von Mullit in Pulvermischungen anorganischer Al3+ - und Si4+-haltiger Ausgangsrohstoffe mit stöchiometrischer Zusammensetzung von 3/2-Mullit untersucht. Eine mit 1,25 Atom-% Magnesiumhydroxid dotierte und unter hydrothermalen Bedingungen (300°C/24 h) ausgelagerte Pulvermischung aus Gibbsit und Quarz zeichnet sich beim Sintern ab 1150°C durch hohe Mullitisierungsraten aus. Dieser Mullitprekursor kann erfolgreich als Bindematrix in einem Werkstoff auf Sintermullitbasis eingesetzt werden. Nach der Sinterung (1600°C/2 h) einer Versatzmischung aus 70 Masse-% Sintermullit und 30 Masse-% Mullitprekursor entsteht ein homogenes Werkstoffgefüge in dem die ursprünglichen Korngrenzen der Sintermullitkörnung und der mullitisierenden Bindematrix nicht mehr zu identifizieren sind. Das Gefüge dieses Werkstoffes ist durch eine große Anzahl kleiner Poren (< 10 µm) mit enger Porengrößenverteilung gekennzeichnet.

This thesis is focused on determining the hydromechanical characteristics of clay suspensions, permeability and compressibility, where is the effective stress, the concentration of suspension and is the permeability. Because the compressibility or permeability can't be measured directly, I use Darcian mechanics of two-phase systems to compute the characteristics I wanted from a well- measurable quantities, measured in appropriate experiments. Work has been solved with the support of the project : Hydromechanical characteristics of clay suspensions. The first part deals with a mineralogical characteristics fylosilicates, characterization of kaolin deposits in the Bohemian Massif, physical chemistry of colloidal systems, electric double layers and electro kinetic potential. Experimental section follows later, which proceed from the assumption that the same concentration of kaolin suspension and an identical colloidal state, exposed to the same pressure-temperature conditions, exhibit the same values of hydro mechanical characteristics such as their evolution in time can be described as a continuous function. As the model, I chose the coagulated kaolin suspension. Coagulation are achieved by adding weight percent of solids . Suspension settles in a vertical cylinder of high with an inner diameter of , which...