This thesis explores homeless and street involved youth’s experiences of being kicked out from various programs and family situations and what draws them back. Using secondary data analysis from the Pathways to Resilience study, I examine the quantitative and qualitative data to determine youth’s risk and resilience processes, their past service use history, and their positive and negative experiences within these services. Homeless youth experience similar levels of risk as other high risk youth, higher individual resilience and prosocial behaviours but lower overall resilience and relationship to caregivers. Youth felt they were kicked out of services primarily due to minor rule infractions or due to their own lack of engagement with the service. Participants discussed critical aspects of engaging with service providers including whether services met their basic needs and whether relationships with staff were respectful, trusting, accepting, and non-judgmental. The implications for service design and delivery are discussed.

The phenomenon of dynamically induced anomalous diffusion is both the classical and quantum kicked rotor is investigated in this dissertation. We discuss the capability of the quantum mechanical version of the system to reproduce for extended periods the corresponding classical chaotic behavior.

The kicked-rotor under the Aharonov-Bohm effect are studyed by using the floquet map, the energy change with different magnetic flux have also being discussed. Finally, the kicked-rotor under the time-dependent magnetic flux are discussed.

The de Broglie-Bohm (BB) approach to quantum mechanics gives trajectories similar to classical trajectories except that they are also determined by a quantum potential. The quantum potential is a "fictitious potential" in the sense that it is part of the quantum kinetic energy. We use quantum trajectories to treat quantum chaos in a manner similar to classical chaos. For the kicked rotor, which is a bounded system, we use the Benettin et al. method to calculate both classical and quantum Lyapunov exponents as a function of control parameter K and find chaos in both cases. Within the chaotic sea we find in both cases nonchaotic stability regions for K equal to multiples of π. For even multiples of π the stability regions are associated with classical accelerator mode islands and for odd multiples of π they are associated with new oscillator modes. We examine the structure of these regions. Momentum diffusion of the quantum kicked rotor is studied with both BB and standard quantum mechanics (SQM). A general analytical expression is given for the momentum diffusion at quantum resonance of both BB and SQM. We obtain agreement between the two approaches in numerical experiments. For the case of nonresonance the quantum potential is not zero and must be included as part of the quantum kinetic energy for agreement. The numerical data for momentum diffusion of classical kicked rotor is well fit by a power law DNβ in the number of kicks N. In the anomalous momentum diffusion regions due to accelerator modes the exponent β(K) is slightly less than quadratic, except for a slight dip, in agreement with an upper bound (K2/2)N2. The corresponding coefficient D(K) in these regions has three distinct sections, most likely due to accelerator modes with period greater than one. We also show that the local Lyapunov exponent of the classical kicked rotor has a plateau for a duration that depends on the initial separation and then decreases asymptotically as O(t-1lnt), where t is the time. This behavior is consistent with an upper bound that is determined analytically.

Η Κβαντική Πληροφορία είναι μια ιδιότητα των κβαντικών συστημάτων που σχετίζεται με την κβαντομηχανική επαλληλία και την συσχέτιση των συστημάτων σε Ενδιαπλοκή. Λόγω της αλληλεπίδρασης με το κλασικό περιβάλλον η Ενδιαπλοκή χάνεται ταχύτατα με συνέπεια να περιορίζεται δραματικά η πρακτική της χρησιμότητα. Πραγματοποιήθηκε διερεύνηση διαφόρων διατάξεων κβαντικών συστημάτων είτε σε αλληλεπίδραση με άλλα συστήματα είτε μεμονωμένων, αλλά με την συνθήκη το αντίστοιχο κλασικό μη γραμμικό σύστημα να είναι χαοτικό ή ολοκληρώσιμο. Ερευνητικά αποτελέσματα: 1. Ο ρυθμός μεταβολής της Ενδιαπλοκής με την μεταβολή μιας παραμέτρου σύζευξης φράσσεται από την καμπυλότητα των ενεργειακών επιπέδων. Το αποτέλεσμα έχει γενική ισχύ, διότι βασίζεται σε γενικές ιδιότητες των τυχαίων πινάκων που κωδικοποιούν την χαοτική ή την κανονική συμπεριφορά των συστημάτων,2. Ο ρόλος της λεπτομερούς δομής του κλασικού χώρου των φάσεων. Ερευνήθηκε η εξάρτηση της Ενδιαπλοκής από την τιμή παραμέτρου σύζευξης σε σχέση με το διάγραμμα διακλαδώσεων του Βηματικού Στρόβου, καθώς και σε σχέση με την ύπαρξη Κβαντικών Ουλών, 3. Η μη γραμμικότητα συστημάτων σε συνδυασμό με την παρουσία εξωτερικών πεδίων μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε βέλτιστες τιμές ορισμένων παραμέτρων που ευνοούν την δημιουργία Ενδιαπλοκής θερμικά. Μελετήθηκε κατάλληλο μοντέλο, 4. Κβαντικός δίαυλος βρίσκεται σε αλληλεπίδραση με το τοπικό περιβάλλον. Οι ιδιότητες του τοπικού περιβάλλοντος (χάος ή κανονικότητα) μπορούν να επηρεάσουν τις δυνατότητες του διαύλου, 5. Ένα ανοικτό κβαντικό σύστημα αλληλεπιδρά με τοπικό κβαντικό περιβάλλον λίγων βαθμών ελευθερίας, καθώς και με ένα ολικό Μαρκοβιανό περιβάλλον και τελικά προκαλείται απώλεια κβαντικής συνάφειας. Διερευνήθηκε, αριθμητικά, ο τρόπος με τον οποίο, οι κλασικές ιδιότητες του τοπικού περιβάλλοντος επηρεάζουν τον ρυθμό απώλειας συνάφειας του συστήματος. / Quantum Information is a particular property of quantum systems which is associated with the quantum mechanical superposition principle and the correlation of the systems in the entangled states. Due to the interaction with the classical environment, this basic property of Entanglement is lost very quickly, with the result, its practical usefulness to be dramatically reduced. The present Thesis is concerned with the study of various arrangements of quantum systems either in interaction with other systems, or isolated, but with the condition that the corresponding classical non linear system is chaotic or integrable. Results presented in the thesis: 1. Τhe rate of change of entanglement of a quantum system with respect to the change of an interaction parameter is bounded by the curvature of the energy levels. This result has a general validity, because it is based on general properties of random matrices, which may encode the regular or chaotic behavior of physical systems, 2. The role of the detailed structure of the classical phase space. The dependence of entanglement on the position of a parameter of interaction in connection to the bifurcation diagram in the model of quantum kicked top was studied. An analysis was carried out for a possible impact of the existence of scars on the behavior of entanglement, 3. The non linearity of systems combined with the presence of external fields may lead to optimal values of certain parameters which favor the thermal creation of entanglement. A particular model was studied in which this behavior is observed, 4. A quantum channel is in interaction with its local environment. The question posed, is whether the properties of the local environment (chaos or integrability) may influence the capabilities of the channel, 5. An open quantum system interacts with a quantum local environment, which in general has few degrees of freedom, and a global infinite one. It was numerically investigated how the classical properties of the local environment Influence the decoherence rate of the system.