Global ETD Search

1	Models and Constraints for New Physics at the Energy, Intensity, and Cosmic Frontiers Barello, Gregory 27 October 2016 (has links) The modern era of particle physics is driven by experimental anomalies. Experimental efforts have become increasingly diverse and are producing enormous volumes of data. In such a highly data-driven scientific environment theoretical models are necessary to understand this data and to help inform the development of new experimental approaches. In this dissertation I present two significant contributions to this effort relevant to the energy, intensity, and cosmic frontiers of modern particle physics research. Part 1 of this dissertation discusses methods to understand modern dark matter direct detection results. In particular I present an analysis under the hypothesis of inelastic dark matter, which supposes that dark matter must scatter inelastically, i.e. that it must gain or loose mass during a collision with atomic nuclei. This hypothesis is attractive because it can alleviate otherwise contradictory results from a number of dark matter detection facilities. The main conclusion of this work is a presentation of the analytical tools, along with a mathematica package that can be used to run the analysis, and the discovery that there are regions of inelastic dark matter parameter space which are consistent with all current experimental results, and constraints. Part 2 of this dissertation discusses a phenomenon of modern interest called kinetic mixing which allows particles from the standard model to spontaneously transform into particles which experience a new, as of yet undiscovered, force. This phenomenon is relatively common and well motivated theoretically and has motivated significant experimental effort. In this work, I present an analysis of a general case of kinetic mixing, called nonabelian kinetic mixing. This work shows that, In general, kinetic mixing predicts the existence of a new particle and that, under certain conditions, this particle could be detected at modern particle colliders. Furthermore, the mass of this particle is related to the strength of kinetic mixing. This relationship suggests novel ways to constrain kinetic mixing parameter space, and if observed would provide a very striking indication that such a model is realized in nature. Dark matter Kinetic mixing Large Hadron Collider
2	Formulation and processing technologies for enhanced oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble compounds DiNunzio, James Carlo 22 March 2011 (has links) Developments in high throughput screening and combinatorial chemistry have contributed to the unprecedented success of the pharmaceutical industry over the last twenty years, leading to a multitude of blockbuster compounds that revolutionized treatment for a variety of clinical indications. This success, particularly in drug discovery, has been tempered by an increased number of moieties exhibiting delivery limitations due to molecular structure. One of the most pressing areas of pharmaceutical research today is addressing the reduced aqueous solubility of developmental chemical entities in pharmaceutical pipelines, which has been estimated to affect up to 90% of such compounds. Current technologies have focused on maximizing dissolution rates or equilibrium solubilities of such compounds using platforms such as microemulsions, polymorph engineering, particle size reduction, and complexation. While these technologies have been shown to improve oral bioavailability for a number of compositions, further improvement can be achieved by developing new production and formulation technologies for amorphous systems. Within the frame work of this dissertation, two unique technologies for bioavailability enhancement were investigated; formulation with concentration enhancing polymers to provide extended durations of supersaturation and the development of a novel fusion based solid dispersion production process based on thermo-kinetic mixing, termed KinetiSol® Dispersing, for the production of amorphous solid dispersions. Studies of solid dispersions containing concentration enhancing polymers prepared by ultra rapid freezing showed the ability of these formulations to provide improved oral bioavailability of itraconazole when compared to the currently marketed product, which is a conventional hydrophilic solid dispersion. KinetiSol® Dispersing was also extensively studied within this work and shown to be a viable platform for the production of hydrophilic solid dispersions, plasticizer free solid dispersions and solid dispersions containing heat sensitive active ingredients. In a culminating study, KinetiSol® Dispersing was utilized for the production of amorphous solid dispersions containing concentration enhancing polymers for improved oral bioavailability of itraconazole. Ultimately, this body of work demonstrated that concentration enhancing polymers could provide improved oral bioavailability for poorly water soluble compounds, while KinetiSol® Dispersing could be used for the production of such compositions, thereby presenting novel technologies for addressing future development of poorly water soluble active ingredients. / text Bioavailability enhancement Concentration enhancing polymers Fusion based solid dispersion production Thermo-kinetic mixing Formulations
3	Search for Higgs boson decays to beyond-the-Standard-Model light bosons in four-lepton events with the ATLAS detector at the LHC Chiu, Justin 22 December 2020 (has links) This thesis presents the search for the dark sector process h -> Zd Zd -> 4l in events collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015--2018. In this theorized process, the Standard Model Higgs boson (h) decays to four leptons via two intermediate Beyond-the-Standard-Model particles each called Zd. This process arises from interactions of the Standard Model with a dark sector. A dark sector consists of one or more new particles that have limited or zero interaction with the Standard Model, such as the new vector boson Zd (dark photon). It could have a rich and interesting phenomenology like the visible sector (the Standard Model) and could naturally address many outstanding problems in particle physics. For example, it could contain a particle candidate for dark matter. In particular, Higgs decays to Beyond-the-Standard-Model particles are well-motivated theoretically and are not tightly constrained; current measurements of Standard Model Higgs properties permit the fraction of such decays to be as high as approximately 30%. The results of this search do not show evidence for the existence of the h -> Zd Zd -> 4l process and are therefore interpreted in terms of upper limits on the branching ratio B(h -> Zd Zd) and the effective Higgs mixing parameter kappa^prime. / Graduate dark sector dark photon ATLAS LHC Higgs boson Higgs BSM SM Standard Model beyond the Standard Model search Zd Zdark Large Hadron Collider electrons muons Higgs decays hidden sector kinetic mixing Higgs mixing U(1) hypercharge Higgs portal dark matter symmetry breaking data-driven fake background Z_d detector particle physics hep hep-ex high energy physics CERN run-2 fake factor

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