Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:19:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gregory Vinicius Conor Figueiredo.pdf: 1131373 bytes, checksum: b73b9e64f3396b6758c55a6053159a14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-08 / The Asian rust is the main pathology of soybean culture, what makes it the object of several expert systems. This work aimed to build a probabilistic model to estimate the need and number of fungicide applications to control soybean Asian rust in Paraná using the Bayesian network formalism and knowledge engineering. The model engineering was accomplished by interviews with experts and also by the literature review, what produced a Bayesian network built with the aid of software GeNIe 2.0, where the variables, graph structure and conditional probability table of each variable were defined, what determined the influences between them. The tests made to evaluate the model were accompanied by two interviewed experts, who approved the model through proposed test cases. The results presented showed that the developed model rigorously represent the knowledge of the expert who accompanied its development, presenting common consensus among the other interviewed experts for the first fungicide application but diverging for the extra ones. / A ferrugem asiática é a principal patologia da cultura da soja, sendo alvo de aplicação de vários sistemas especialistas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo construir um modelo probabilístico para estimar a necessidade e número de aplicações de fungicida no controle da ferrugem asiática da soja no Paraná utilizando o formalismo de redes bayesianas e engenharia de conhecimento. A engenharia do modelo foi desenvolvida através de entrevistas com especialistas e também por meio da revisão da literatura, resultando em uma rede Bayesiana construída com o auxílio do software GeNIe 2.0, onde foram definidas as variáveis, a estrutura do grafo e as tabelas de probabilidade condicional de cada variável, determinando as influências entre elas. Os testes realizados para a validação do modelo foram acompanhados por dois especialistas entrevistados, que aprovaram o modelo a partir de casos de teste propostos. Os resultados apresentados mostraram que o modelo desenvolvido representa com rigor o conhecimento do especialista que acompanhou seu desenvolvimento, apresentando consenso comum entre os demais especialistas entrevistados para a primeira aplicação de fungicida, mas divergindo para aplicações adicionais.

Automatic information extraction (IE) from various types of text became very popular during the last decade. Owing to information overload, there are many practical applications that can utilize semantically labelled data extracted from textual sources like the Internet, emails, intranet documents and even conventional sources like newspaper and magazines. Applications of IE exist in many areas of computer science: information retrieval systems, question answering or website quality assessment. This work focuses on developing IE methods and tools that are particularly suited to extraction from semi-structured documents such as web pages and to situations where available training data is limited. The main contribution of this thesis is the proposed approach of extended extraction ontologies. It attempts to combine extraction evidence from three distinct sources: (1) manually specified extraction knowledge, (2) existing training data and (3) formatting regularities that are often present in online documents. The underlying hypothesis is that using extraction evidence of all three types by the extraction algorithm can help improve its extraction accuracy and robustness. The motivation for this work has been the lack of described methods and tools that would exploit these extraction evidence types at the same time. This thesis first describes a statistically trained approach to IE based on Hidden Markov Models which integrates with a picture classification algorithm in order to extract product offers from the Internet, including textual items as well as images. This approach is evaluated using a bicycle sale domain. Several methods of image classification using various feature sets are described and evaluated as well. These trained approaches are then integrated in the proposed novel approach of extended extraction ontologies, which builds on top of the work of Embley [21] by exploiting manual, trained and formatting types of extraction evidence at the same time. The intended benefit of using extraction ontologies is a quick development of a functional IE prototype, its smooth transition to deployed IE application and the possibility to leverage the use of each of the three extraction evidence types. Also, since extraction ontologies are typically developed by adapting suitable domain ontologies and the ontology remains in center of the extraction process, the work related to the conversion of extracted results back to a domain ontology or schema is minimized. The described approach is evaluated using several distinct real-world datasets.

É cada vez mais notável o desenvolvimento da indústria micro-eletrônica. A criação de dispositivos eletrônicos menores, que apresentam maior autonomia de energia, aliados ao aumento do poder de processamento, armazenamento e comunicação sem fio de alta velocidade favoreceram o surgimento e disseminação de novas tecnologias e paradigmas, dentre elas a Internet das Coisas (IoT). Do ponto de vista tecnológico, IoT é uma rede de objetos físicos que possuem tecnologia embarcada de sensoriamento e atuação. Agências de consultoria empresarial, tais como a McKinsey & Company, afirmam que IoT apresenta valor de mercado bilionário e poderá ultrapassar a casa dos trilhões antes de 2020. Dessa forma, o mercado de IoT vem se apresentando como um dos mercados mais promissores para os próximos anos. Alguns dos problemas que podem postergar este crescimento são os problemas decorrentes da dificuldade de integração e escalabilidade das aplicações de IoT. Em IoT, problemas de interoperabilidade são corriqueiros, seja pela alta diversidade de dispositivos empregados, seja pela incompatibilidade entre fabricantes. Em relação a escalabilidade, sistemas de IoT possuem uma demanda natural por alta escala, visto que buscam atender demandas comuns a vários setores, seja na indústria, transporte, domótica, segurança pública, comércio, entre outros. Este trabalho apresenta uma solução para esses problemas através do SWoTPAD, um framework formal que auxilia o projetista no desenvolvimento de soluções para IoT. SWoTPAD oferece uma linguagem para especificar dispositivos e serviços, descrever o ambiente e realizar requisições. Adicionalmente, ele gera o módulo de descoberta, composição automática de serviços e execução. Aplicações SWoTPAD são facilmente integráveis, pois usam e estendem um mesmo conjunto de ontologias, o que garante a compatibilidade nos dados gerados e consumidos por essas aplicações. A escalabilidade advém da associação de anotações semânticas a cada um dos elementos que compõem a aplicação de IoT. Essas anotações permitem ao SWoTPAD descobrir, classificar, selecionar e compor automaticamente serviços do ambiente. Dessa forma, SWoTPAD pode procurar por soluções alternativas, quando o serviço original apto a atender uma determinada demanda se encontra sobrecarregado ou indisponível. Para validação do framework, foram adotados dois estudos de caso. O primeiro deles, o problema de implantação de serviços em um ambiente de nuvem, e o segundo, uma aplicação de segurança residencial. O estudo de caso demonstrou que é possível desenvolver aplicações completas de IoT no framework proposto. Adicionalmente, o mecanismo de composição automática gerado pelo framework para essas aplicações apresenta uma piora média de 45% de desempenho quando comparado à composição manual. / The development of the micro-electronics industry is becoming more and more remarkable. The creation of smaller electronic devices, with higher degree of autonomy, processing, storage, and wireless communication favor the emergence and dissemination of new technologies and paradigms, such as the Internet of Things (IoT ). From the technological point of view, IoT is a network of physical objects that have embedded technology of sensing and actuation. McKinsey & Company says the IoT market is already reaching billionaire numbers and may exceed the trillions by 2020. Thus, the IoT market is proving to be one of the most promising markets in the next years. Problems that can delay this growth come from the difficulty of integration and scalability of IoT applications. In IoT, interoperability problems are common, either because of the high diversity of devices used, or because of the incompatibility between manufacturers. Regarding scalability, IoT systems have a natural demand for high scale, since they seek to meet common demands in various sectors, be it in industry, transportation, home automation, public safety, commerce, among others. This work solves these problems through SWoTPAD, a formal framework that assists the designer in developing solutions for IoT. SWoTPAD provides a language for specifying devices and services, describing the environment, and performing requests. Additionally, it generates the discovery, automatic service composition, and execution module. SWoTPAD applications are easily integrable, since they use and extend the same set of ontologies, which guarantees compatibility in the data generated and consumed by these applications. Scalability comes from the association of semantic annotations to each of the elements that compose the IoT application. These annotations allow SWoTPAD to discover, rank, select, and automatically compose services. In this way, SWoTPAD can search for alternative solutions, when the original service able to meet a particular demand is overloaded or unavailable. Two case studies were developed for validation of the framework. The first one, the problem of deploying services in a cloud environment, and the second, a home security system. The case study demonstrated that it is possible to develop complete IoT applications in the proposed framework. Also, the automatic service composition module generated by SWoTPAD for these applications has a mean worsening of 45 % of performance when compared to the manual composition.

This paper reports work in progress on an experimental text editor called CREF, the Cross Referenced Editing Facility. CREF deals with chunks of text, called segments, which may have associated features such as keywords or various kinds of links to other segments. Text in CREF is organized into linear collections for normal browsing. The use of summary and cross-reference links in CREF allows the imposition of an auxiliary network structure upon the text which can be useful for "zooming in and out" or "non-local transitions." Although it was designed as a tool for use in complex protocol analysis by a "knowledge Engineer's Assistant," CREF has many interesting features which should make it suitable for a wide variety of applications, including browsing, program editing, document preparation, and mail reading.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Treatment strategies emphasize early multi-professional interventions to reduce disease activity and to prevent disability, but there is a lack of knowledge on how optimal treatment can be provided to each individual patient. Aim: To elucidate how clinical manifestations of early RA are associated to disease and disability outcomes, to strive for greater potential to establish prognosis in early RA, and to facilitate implementation of decision support through analyses of the decision-making environment in chronic care. Methods: Multivariate statistics and mathematical modelling, as well as field observations and focus group interviews. Results: Decision support: A prognostic tree that predicted patients with a poor prognosis (moderate or high levels of DAS-28) at one year after diagnosis had a performance of 25% sensitivity, 90% specificity and a positive predictive value of 76%. Implementation of a decision support application at a rheumatology unit should include taking into account incentive structures, workflow and awareness, as well as informal communication structures. Prognosis: A considerable part of the variance in disease activity at one year after diagnosis could be explained by disease progression during the first three months after diagnosis. Using different types of knowledge – different expertise – prior to standardized data mining methods was found to be a promising when mining (clinical) data for new patterns that elicit new knowledge. Disease and disability: Women report more fatigue than men in early RA, although the difference is not consistently significant. Fatigue in early RA is closely and rather consistently related to disease activity, pain and activity limitation, as well as to mental health and sleep disturbance. Conclusion: A decision tree was designed to identify patients at risk of poor prognosis at one year after the diagnosis of RA. When constructing prediction rules for good or poor prognosis, including more measures of disease and disability progressions showed promise. Using different types of knowledge – different lenses of expertise – prior to standardized data mining methods was also a promising method when mining (clinical) data for new patterns that elicit new knowledge. / Introduktion: Reumatoid artrit (RA) är en kronisk inflammatorisk sjukdom. Dagens behandlingsstrategi bygger på tidiga multiprofessionella insatser för att reducera sjukdomsaktivitet och minska risken för framtida funktionshinder. Idag finns stora datamängder tillgängliga gällande medicinering och utfall vid RA. Dessa data erbjuder möjligheter att generera ny kunskap som kan användas för att forma beslutsstöd. Syfte: Att undersöka hur olika kliniska manifestationer vid tidig RA samvarierar med funktionshinder och sjukdomsaktivitet, att pröva metoder att ställa prognos vid tidig RA, och att analysera en kontext för beslutsfattande inom vård av kroniskt sjuka. Metod: Multivariat statistik och matematisk modellering, samt observationsstudier och fokusgruppsintervjuer. Resultat: Beslutsstöd: Ett beslutsträd utformades för att bestämma vilka patienter som har dålig prognos (måttlig eller hög DAS-28) ett år efter diagnos. Beslutsträdet hade 25 % sensitivitet, 90 % specificitet och ett positivt prediktivt värde på 76 %. Vid införande av beslutsstöd på en reumatologisk klinik befanns det nödvändigt att hänsyn tas till incitamentsstrukturer, arbetsflöde och samarbetsformer. Informella kommunikationsstrukturer kan också ha stort inflytande på klinisk praxis. Prognos: En betydande del av variansen i sjukdomsaktivitet ett år efter diagnos kan förklaras av sjukdomsprogression första tre månaderna efter diagnos. Att formalisera olika experters erfarenheter före standardiserade ”data mining” metoder är en lovande ansats när man letar efter mönster i (kliniska) databaser. Funktionshinder och sjukdomsaktivitet: Kvinnor rapporterar mer trötthet än män vid tidig RA, men skillnaden är inte konsistent över tid. Trötthet vid tidig RA är nära relaterat till sjukdomsaktivitet, smärta och aktivitets begränsningar, men också till mental hälsa och sömnstörningar. Slutsats: Ett beslutsträd har utformats för att predicera patienter med dålig prognos inom tidig RA. Studier av fler mått på sjukdoms- och funktionshindersprogression behövs vid konstruktion av prediktionsregler för god eller dålig prognos framledes. Att använda sig av kunskap från olika experter – olika experters glasögon – vid sökandet efter mönster i stora datamängder för att generera ny kunskap är en lovande metodik. Implementering av beslutsstöd bör göras under övervägande av incitamentsstrukturer, arbetsflöde och samarbetsformer.

Gestão de conhecimento busca criar, adquirir, compartilhar e utilizar ativos de conhecimento produzidos ou dispersos na organização, de forma a garantir o controle pela organização de um importante componente de seu produto ou serviço. A engenharia de conhecimento fornece os instrumentos que permitem identificar as fontes de conhecimento, e ajuda a extrair e modelar esse conhecimento, quando de fontes humanas, de forma a utilizá-lo de forma independente das pessoas. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso no desenvolvimento de um projeto de gestão de conhecimento para a área de produção de uma empresa que atua na fabricação de papel, com um modelo de processo contínuo. O modelo de produção é particularmente interessante pelo fato de sofrer permanente monitoração e eventuais ações de reparo, cujo efeito será sentido apenas no final do processo produtivo. Ações erradas ou ineficientes acarretam significativas perdas de produto, com grande impacto no ganho da empresa. O objetivo deste trabalho é a identificação dos conhecimentos envolvidos na detecção de desvios de padrão no processo produtivo e nas ações de reparo para produção de papel. A partir do estudo do processo e da identificação dos insumos de conhecimento, foi proposto um modelo da área de produção onde são mapeados os ativos de conhecimentos, os processos e agentes que utilizam esses conhecimentos. Esse modelo foi racionalizado de forma a otimizar a utilização do conhecimento e homogeneizar o processo de solução de problemas de acordo com o padrão desejado pela empresa. A Metodologia CommonKADS foi utilizada para conduzir o desenvolvimento desse modelo. Esse trabalho demonstrou que a tarefa de monitoração e reparo da linha de produção utiliza conhecimentos tácitos ou não estruturados para a solução de problemas, juntamente com o conhecimento explícito obtido através de treinamento ou orientação da organização. Como resultado, a qualidade da solução será diferente dependendo do agente responsável pela monitoração naquele momento. Através das técnicas de entrevistas, análise de protocolo, observações e repertory grid, esses conhecimentos foram explicitados e formalizados, sendo disponibilizados como normas para todos os agentes, atingindo uma desejável homogeneidade no processo produtivo que leva a diminuição do refugo de produção. A suite de modelos da organização, tarefa, comunicação e agentes de Common KADS foi avaliada como ferramenta de suporte à identificação e formalização dos insumos de conhecimento da organização. Foi proposto um modelo OM-6 a ser incluído como um modelo da organização para avaliação dos procedimentos de correção. O modelo obtido é a etapa inicial para o projeto de um sistema de conhecimento que automatize a tarefa de monitoração e reparo do processo de produção de papel. / Knowledge management aims to create, acquire, share and employ knowledge issues produced or disseminated in the organisation, in order to guarantee the full control over an important component of the organisation product and service. Knowledge engineering provides adequate tools to identify the knowledge sources and helps in extracting and modelling the knowledge, allowing to be employed in human independent way. This work presents the results of a detailed study about the development of a knowledge management project for a production area in a filter paper factory, whose production line is carry out as a continuous process. The production model is particularly interesting because the process demands continuous and permanent monitoring, but the effectiveness of the corrective actions can be perceived only in the final stage of the production process. Wrong actions cause significant amount of the product rejection with strong impact in the company returns. The goal of this study is identifying the knowledge applied by agents in detecting pattern deviation in the production process and in the repair actions during the paper production. A model of the production area, mapping knowledge issues, agents and tasks, was proposed from the acknowledgement of the process and the knowledge assets. This model was rationalised in order to improve the effectiveness of the knowledge application and guarantee an homogeneous problem-solving process, according to the company standard. The CommonKADS methodology defines the model development. This work demonstrates that, during the monitoring and repair task, the agents apply tacit unstructured knowledge, besides the explicit knowledge acquired through training into the organisation, to achieve the solution. The result will be a dependence between the agent and the quality of the production. These knowledge were made explicit and formalised through the use of interviews, protocol analysis and repertory grid, and was further shared as norms to the whole team of agents. These norms provide a desirable homogeneity in the production process leading to a reduction on the production refuse. The CommonKADS model suit – organisation, task, communication and agent models – was evaluated as a supporting tool to the identification and formalisation of organisation knowledge. An additional model, called OM-6, was proposed as an extension to the CommonKADS suit to support for valuation of the correction procedures. The obtained organization model is the first step in a knowledge system project for the automation of the monitoring and repair tasks in the paper production process.

Les données disponibles sur le Web sont généralement de deux natures : (1) des données non structurées ou semi-structurées difficilement exploitables de manière automatique ou (2) des données structurées destinées à une utilisation particulière, difficilement réutilisables par d’autres applications. Le Web de données est une application du Web sémantique facilitant l’accès, le partage et l’alignement des données. Il existe actuellement de très nombreuses données disponibles sur le Web, mais qui ne sont pas publiées en suivant les principes du Web de données liées. Elles nécessiteraient d’être transformées en bases de connaissances. Nous proposons une méthodologie innovante qui permet de transformer plusieurs sources simultanément et non séquentiellement. Cette méthodologie permet la fusion de plusieurs sources de données orientée par des patrons de conception du domaine. Notre méthodologie spécifie la modélisation attendue du domaine en définissant la partie haute d’un module ontologique. Une chaîne de processus enrichit ce module par des éléments issus des sources : transformation syntaxique des sources, alignement, identification des éléments équivalents pour construire des candidats, calcul de score de confiance des candidats, filtrage des candidats. Notre travail part de l’hypothèse suivante : si un élément apparaît dans plusieurs sources, alors la possibilité qu’il appartienne au domaine d’étude est accrue. Nous avons défini différentes fonctions de calcul de la confiance consensuelle d’un candidat en mettant en évidence plusieurs caractéristiques comme le consensus entre sources ou la connectivité entre éléments d’un même candidat. Nous posons une deuxième hypothèse : un élément ne doit apparaître que dans un seul candidat pour obtenir une modélisation correcte. Cette hypothèse nous amène à définir la notion d’incompatibilité entre candidats. Nous pouvons considérer alors l’extraction des candidats qui ne partagent pas d’éléments, ce qui permet de faciliter le travail de validation. Pour évaluer nos propositions, nous avons mené trois expérimentations. La première a porté sur le domaine de la classification taxonomique des blés. Cette expérimentation nous a permis d’analyser la qualité des candidats générés avec l’aide de trois experts du domaine. La deuxième expérimentation a porté sur le même domaine et nous a permis de valider le temps gagné par un expert lors de la validation des candidats en considérant les incompatibilités. Pour la dernière expérimentation nous avons utilisé les données d’une campagne d’évaluation de systèmes d’alignements. Nous avons adaptés ces données pour évaluer la génération de candidats et la définition du score de confiance sur un grand jeu de données. Nous proposons une implémentation de cette proposition dans un outil réutilisable et paramétrable : Muskca. Celui-ci permet la fusion multi-sources pour la génération d’une base de connaissances consensuelle. L’application de nos travaux dans le domaine de l’agriculture nous a permis de constituer une base de connaissances sur la taxonomie des plantes. Cette base de connaissances permettra la représentation d’observations des attaques des agresseurs sur les cultures, ainsi que les techniques de traitement des agresseurs. Cette base de connaissances permettra de publier les données disponibles mais aussi d’annoter les nombreux documents mobilisables pour faire évoluer les pratiques agricoles. / The data available on the Web are generally of two kinds: (1) non structured data or semi structured data, which are difficult to exploit automatically; or (2) structured data, dedicated to a specific usage, which are difficult to reuse for a different application. The Linked Open Data is a Semantic Web application facilitating access, share ability and alignment of data. There are many data available on the Web, but these are not always published using the Linked Open Data theory and thus need to be transformed into knowledge bases. An innovative methodology is proposed in this work: one that transforms several sources simultaneously, not sequentially. This methodology merges several data sources oriented by domain design patterns and defines the expected domain representation using the upper part of an ontological module. A process chain enriches this module with elements from the sources: syntactic transformation of the sources, alignment, identification of equivalent elements for the construction of candidates, computation of the candidates’ trust scores and candidate filtering. This work is based on the following hypothesis: if an element appears in several sources then the possibility that it belongs to the studied domain is increased. Several functions were defined in order to compute the consensual trust score of a specific candidate by bringing out such characteristics as the consensus between the sources or the connectivity between the elements within a given candidate. A second hypothesis is put forward: to obtain a valid design, an element must be part of one candidate only. This hypothesis resulted in the definition of the notion of incompatibility between the candidates. The extraction of the candidates that do not share elements can then be considered, which made the experts’ validation task easier. To evaluate the proposals, three experiments were conducted. The first one dealt with the taxonomic classification of wheat. With the assistance of three experts, this experiment made for the analysis of the validation of the generated candidates. The second experiment, still in the same domain, lead to the evaluation of the time an expert saved using the notion of incompatibility during the validation of the candidates. As for the last experiment, the data from an evaluation campaign of alignment systems were used. These data had to be adapted to evaluate the generation of the candidates and the definition of the consensual trust score on a large data set. These three proposals were implemented in a new reusable and configurable tool: Muskca. This tool allows a multi-source fusion for the generation of a consensual knowledge base. This methodology was applied to agriculture, which allowed the creation of a knowledge base on plant taxonomy. The knowledge base will be used to represent the observations of pest attacks on crops along with pest treatment techniques. Not only will this knowledge base help the publication of the available data but it will also allow the annotation of the various documents that will be used, so as to improve agricultural practices.

Gestão de conhecimento busca criar, adquirir, compartilhar e utilizar ativos de conhecimento produzidos ou dispersos na organização, de forma a garantir o controle pela organização de um importante componente de seu produto ou serviço. A engenharia de conhecimento fornece os instrumentos que permitem identificar as fontes de conhecimento, e ajuda a extrair e modelar esse conhecimento, quando de fontes humanas, de forma a utilizá-lo de forma independente das pessoas. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso no desenvolvimento de um projeto de gestão de conhecimento para a área de produção de uma empresa que atua na fabricação de papel, com um modelo de processo contínuo. O modelo de produção é particularmente interessante pelo fato de sofrer permanente monitoração e eventuais ações de reparo, cujo efeito será sentido apenas no final do processo produtivo. Ações erradas ou ineficientes acarretam significativas perdas de produto, com grande impacto no ganho da empresa. O objetivo deste trabalho é a identificação dos conhecimentos envolvidos na detecção de desvios de padrão no processo produtivo e nas ações de reparo para produção de papel. A partir do estudo do processo e da identificação dos insumos de conhecimento, foi proposto um modelo da área de produção onde são mapeados os ativos de conhecimentos, os processos e agentes que utilizam esses conhecimentos. Esse modelo foi racionalizado de forma a otimizar a utilização do conhecimento e homogeneizar o processo de solução de problemas de acordo com o padrão desejado pela empresa. A Metodologia CommonKADS foi utilizada para conduzir o desenvolvimento desse modelo. Esse trabalho demonstrou que a tarefa de monitoração e reparo da linha de produção utiliza conhecimentos tácitos ou não estruturados para a solução de problemas, juntamente com o conhecimento explícito obtido através de treinamento ou orientação da organização. Como resultado, a qualidade da solução será diferente dependendo do agente responsável pela monitoração naquele momento. Através das técnicas de entrevistas, análise de protocolo, observações e repertory grid, esses conhecimentos foram explicitados e formalizados, sendo disponibilizados como normas para todos os agentes, atingindo uma desejável homogeneidade no processo produtivo que leva a diminuição do refugo de produção. A suite de modelos da organização, tarefa, comunicação e agentes de Common KADS foi avaliada como ferramenta de suporte à identificação e formalização dos insumos de conhecimento da organização. Foi proposto um modelo OM-6 a ser incluído como um modelo da organização para avaliação dos procedimentos de correção. O modelo obtido é a etapa inicial para o projeto de um sistema de conhecimento que automatize a tarefa de monitoração e reparo do processo de produção de papel. / Knowledge management aims to create, acquire, share and employ knowledge issues produced or disseminated in the organisation, in order to guarantee the full control over an important component of the organisation product and service. Knowledge engineering provides adequate tools to identify the knowledge sources and helps in extracting and modelling the knowledge, allowing to be employed in human independent way. This work presents the results of a detailed study about the development of a knowledge management project for a production area in a filter paper factory, whose production line is carry out as a continuous process. The production model is particularly interesting because the process demands continuous and permanent monitoring, but the effectiveness of the corrective actions can be perceived only in the final stage of the production process. Wrong actions cause significant amount of the product rejection with strong impact in the company returns. The goal of this study is identifying the knowledge applied by agents in detecting pattern deviation in the production process and in the repair actions during the paper production. A model of the production area, mapping knowledge issues, agents and tasks, was proposed from the acknowledgement of the process and the knowledge assets. This model was rationalised in order to improve the effectiveness of the knowledge application and guarantee an homogeneous problem-solving process, according to the company standard. The CommonKADS methodology defines the model development. This work demonstrates that, during the monitoring and repair task, the agents apply tacit unstructured knowledge, besides the explicit knowledge acquired through training into the organisation, to achieve the solution. The result will be a dependence between the agent and the quality of the production. These knowledge were made explicit and formalised through the use of interviews, protocol analysis and repertory grid, and was further shared as norms to the whole team of agents. These norms provide a desirable homogeneity in the production process leading to a reduction on the production refuse. The CommonKADS model suit – organisation, task, communication and agent models – was evaluated as a supporting tool to the identification and formalisation of organisation knowledge. An additional model, called OM-6, was proposed as an extension to the CommonKADS suit to support for valuation of the correction procedures. The obtained organization model is the first step in a knowledge system project for the automation of the monitoring and repair tasks in the paper production process.

Gestão de conhecimento busca criar, adquirir, compartilhar e utilizar ativos de conhecimento produzidos ou dispersos na organização, de forma a garantir o controle pela organização de um importante componente de seu produto ou serviço. A engenharia de conhecimento fornece os instrumentos que permitem identificar as fontes de conhecimento, e ajuda a extrair e modelar esse conhecimento, quando de fontes humanas, de forma a utilizá-lo de forma independente das pessoas. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso no desenvolvimento de um projeto de gestão de conhecimento para a área de produção de uma empresa que atua na fabricação de papel, com um modelo de processo contínuo. O modelo de produção é particularmente interessante pelo fato de sofrer permanente monitoração e eventuais ações de reparo, cujo efeito será sentido apenas no final do processo produtivo. Ações erradas ou ineficientes acarretam significativas perdas de produto, com grande impacto no ganho da empresa. O objetivo deste trabalho é a identificação dos conhecimentos envolvidos na detecção de desvios de padrão no processo produtivo e nas ações de reparo para produção de papel. A partir do estudo do processo e da identificação dos insumos de conhecimento, foi proposto um modelo da área de produção onde são mapeados os ativos de conhecimentos, os processos e agentes que utilizam esses conhecimentos. Esse modelo foi racionalizado de forma a otimizar a utilização do conhecimento e homogeneizar o processo de solução de problemas de acordo com o padrão desejado pela empresa. A Metodologia CommonKADS foi utilizada para conduzir o desenvolvimento desse modelo. Esse trabalho demonstrou que a tarefa de monitoração e reparo da linha de produção utiliza conhecimentos tácitos ou não estruturados para a solução de problemas, juntamente com o conhecimento explícito obtido através de treinamento ou orientação da organização. Como resultado, a qualidade da solução será diferente dependendo do agente responsável pela monitoração naquele momento. Através das técnicas de entrevistas, análise de protocolo, observações e repertory grid, esses conhecimentos foram explicitados e formalizados, sendo disponibilizados como normas para todos os agentes, atingindo uma desejável homogeneidade no processo produtivo que leva a diminuição do refugo de produção. A suite de modelos da organização, tarefa, comunicação e agentes de Common KADS foi avaliada como ferramenta de suporte à identificação e formalização dos insumos de conhecimento da organização. Foi proposto um modelo OM-6 a ser incluído como um modelo da organização para avaliação dos procedimentos de correção. O modelo obtido é a etapa inicial para o projeto de um sistema de conhecimento que automatize a tarefa de monitoração e reparo do processo de produção de papel. / Knowledge management aims to create, acquire, share and employ knowledge issues produced or disseminated in the organisation, in order to guarantee the full control over an important component of the organisation product and service. Knowledge engineering provides adequate tools to identify the knowledge sources and helps in extracting and modelling the knowledge, allowing to be employed in human independent way. This work presents the results of a detailed study about the development of a knowledge management project for a production area in a filter paper factory, whose production line is carry out as a continuous process. The production model is particularly interesting because the process demands continuous and permanent monitoring, but the effectiveness of the corrective actions can be perceived only in the final stage of the production process. Wrong actions cause significant amount of the product rejection with strong impact in the company returns. The goal of this study is identifying the knowledge applied by agents in detecting pattern deviation in the production process and in the repair actions during the paper production. A model of the production area, mapping knowledge issues, agents and tasks, was proposed from the acknowledgement of the process and the knowledge assets. This model was rationalised in order to improve the effectiveness of the knowledge application and guarantee an homogeneous problem-solving process, according to the company standard. The CommonKADS methodology defines the model development. This work demonstrates that, during the monitoring and repair task, the agents apply tacit unstructured knowledge, besides the explicit knowledge acquired through training into the organisation, to achieve the solution. The result will be a dependence between the agent and the quality of the production. These knowledge were made explicit and formalised through the use of interviews, protocol analysis and repertory grid, and was further shared as norms to the whole team of agents. These norms provide a desirable homogeneity in the production process leading to a reduction on the production refuse. The CommonKADS model suit – organisation, task, communication and agent models – was evaluated as a supporting tool to the identification and formalisation of organisation knowledge. An additional model, called OM-6, was proposed as an extension to the CommonKADS suit to support for valuation of the correction procedures. The obtained organization model is the first step in a knowledge system project for the automation of the monitoring and repair tasks in the paper production process.

ERP software and applications have become basic requirement of almost every organization in order to compete with each other and in time constraint. In order to develop an efficient application, project planning and analysis play very important role in better understanding of the problem domain and to provide a risk free solution. There are many different approaches which software developers used to develop the systems. These traditional approaches have some drawbacks and constraints. Either these are ad-hoc basis or have some fixed patterns and rules. We discussed all these techniques and suggest that planning and analysis of ERP application during its development can be done by applying more appropriate knowledge engineering commonKADS model. CommonKADS is a structured approach, It comprises of different model suites. Thesis presents that by using commonKADS model for project planning and analysis, real problem domain and efficient solution can be identified. Also domain process is identified. Tasks related to each process in the domain are identified. Knowledge assets related to each task are identified. These features help in defining real knowledge specification. In this way, ERP applications can be made knowledge based. ERP systems were introduced to solve different organizational problems and provide integrated structure. Although ERP packages offer advantages to enterprises, they have not achieved many of their anticipated benefits. Autonomous and heterogeneous applications co-exist in companies with ERP systems and integration problem having not been addressed. This thesis seeks to make some suggestions to this area by studying and analyzing ERP problems, through mapping commonKADS methodology in a case study. Thesis in start, presents an overview about ERP applications, Knowledge Engineering and commonKADS methodology. In the end, thesis presents our contribution a case study ―online courses Registration Portal for BTH which shows that planning and analysis of ERP applications by using commonKADS methodology helps in reaching knowledge based and more accurate solutions. / Syed Abdul Basit basitbth@gmail.com, Omar Malik omar_m20@hotmail.com.