In Live Ghosts, Patricia (Patty) Ireland offers a gathering of short stories based upon real life characters she encountered while growing up in the South. Exploring the diversity, complexity and moral ambiguity of those we might normally perceive as being stereotypically “Southern,” Ireland’s tales encompass a variety of time periods, settings, and characters, including: a modern-day family struggling to reconcile the reality of death, interracial lovers in the early 1950’s who are descended from masters and slaves, and an insane killer locked for life in a mental institution of the 1990’s. Live Ghosts is infused with tales of fear, love, loss, regret, madness, and self discovery, themes intrinsic not only to Southern culture, but to the universal vulnerability in all of us.

A study of bilateral variation among individuals from three populations was conducted. One sample consisted of 174 Cashinahua Indians who reside along the Curanja River in the Peruvian rain forest. A second group was composed of 286 students from anthropology classes at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Eighty-six families, including 372 individuals, constituted the third sample. Four laterality traits - handedness, armfolding, handclasping, and mid-phalangeal hair - were analyzed by population and by individual family. The most interesting variation occurred in the frequency of right and left handclasping and in the presence or absence of mid-phalangeal hair. The percentage of left and right armfolders among the populations was fairly stable. Handclasping and armfolding do not seem to be related to handedness, however, conflicting data on the relationship between armfolding and handclasping showed that further study is needed. The Cashinahua differed more from the two Tennessee populations than the latter two did from each other. In particular, the frequency of mid-digital hair among the Cashinahua was very low, which is consistent with data from other American Indian groups. The two Tennessee populations, on the other hand, compared with other Caucasoid samples in hair frequency. Analysis of the family data provided some evidence for the heritable character of the handclasping trait and strong evidence for the heritability of the mid-phalangeal hair trait. Armfolding and handedness, on the other hand, did not seem to reflect a strong genetic character.

A study of bilateral variation among individuals from three populations was conducted. One sample consisted of 174 Cashinahua Indians who reside along the Curanja River in the Peruvian rain forest. A second group was composed of 286 students from anthropology classes at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Eighty-six families, including 372 individuals, constituted the third sample.Four laterality traits - handedness, armfolding, handclasping, and mid-phalangeal hair - were analyzed by population and by individual family.The most interesting variation occurred in the frequency of right and left handclasping and in the presence or absence of mid-phalangeal hair. The percentage of left and right armfolders among the populations was fairly stable. Handclasping and armfolding do not seem to be related to handedness, however, conflicting data on the relationship between armfolding and handclasping showed that further study is needed.The Cashinahua differed more from the two Tennessee populations than the latter two did from each other. In particular, the frequency of mid-digital hair among the Cashinahua was very low, which is consistent with data from other American Indian groups. The two Tennessee populations, on the other hand, compared with other Caucasoid samples in hair frequency.Analysis of the family data provided some evidence for the heritable character of the handclasping trait and strong evidence for the heritability of the mid-phalangeal hair trait. Armfolding and handedness, on the other hand, did not seem to reflect a strong genetic character.

In Live Ghosts, Patricia (Patty) Ireland offers a gathering of short stories based upon real life characters she encountered while growing up in the South. Exploring the diversity, complexity and moral ambiguity of those we might normally perceive as being stereotypically “Southern,” Ireland’s tales encompass a variety of time periods, settings, and characters, including: a modern-day family struggling to reconcile the reality of death, interracial lovers in the early 1950’s who are descended from masters and slaves, and an insane killer locked for life in a mental institution of the 1990’s. Live Ghosts is infused with tales of fear, love, loss, regret, madness, and self discovery, themes intrinsic not only to Southern culture, but to the universal vulnerability in all of us.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2003. / Title from title page screen (viewed Sept. 23, 2003). Thesis advisor: Randol G. Waters. Document formatted into pages (ix, 93 p.). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-72).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2009. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Oct. 23, 2009). Thesis advisor: Wayne Clatterbuck. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2004. / Title from title page screen (viewed Sept. 20, 2004). Thesis advisor: Mary Jo Reiff. Document formatted into pages (v, 96 p. : ill.). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-73).

Thesis (M.S.S.W.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2005. / Title from title page screen (viewed on July 13, 2005). Thesis advisor: Cindy Davis. Document formatted into pages (vii, 67 p.). Vita. Includes bibliographical references ( 46-56 p.).

The experiences of minority nurses in Appalachia as across the country, from 1900-1964, varied by ethnicity. African American nurses were denied admission to "White" schools of nursing and were banned from employment in White hospitals. African American patients were admitted to small, inadequate "Negro" or "Colored" wards in Knoxville area hospital basements, which were often described a dark, cold and damp, if they were admitted at all. In response to these dire conditions, the first African American hospital in Appalachia, the Eliza B. Wallace Hospital was founded on the Knoxville College campus in 1907. The school added a nurse training program which was the first and for many years the only nurses training available to Appalachian African American women. The Helen Mae Lennon Hospital, a second hospital for African Americans was founded in the 1920s in Knoxville and also had a nurse training program. During this era,the U S government had an "assimilation policy" of "Americanizing" or "civilizing" Native Americans. Eastern Band Cherokee Indian women could be and were admitted to White schools of nursing including Knoxville General Hospital's program. they could and did join the US Army Nurse corps in WWII. The experiences of both groups will be examined along side the White nurses experiences.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2001. / Title from title page screen. Document formatted into manuscript-like pagination: vii, 98 leaves : ill. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-86).