The aim of the presented thesis was the suggestion and verification of the method for determination As(III) in water samples, study of metal compounds interaction with biologically important molecules using electrochemical methods, and electrochemical detection of iron and selenium in biological samples. Electrochemical detection of As(III) was performed on the glassy carbon electrode modified by gold nanoparticles and graphene oxide. This modification led to the increase of detected signal more than 50%. Interaction of metal compounds with biomolecules was represented by the studies focusing on the interaction of platinum cytostatics with G-quadruplexes and interaction of these cytostatics with metallothionein. For electrochemical determination of iron automatic procedure was suggested and tested. As samples erythrocytes from MeLim minipigs were used. Influence of selenium form in food intake at postpartum sows was studied through determination of selenium in erythrocytes.

Angl. resumé

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The diploma thesis focuses on Evaluation of selected properties kind of electronic waste, mobile phones with touch screens. The literary part deals with a general description of electronic waste, mobile phones including their components. The experimental part is concerned with discovering of material composition of the explored telephones including their average material composition. 15 mobile telephones of various brands have been manually dismantled for the experiment. Another part consists of analysis of metal content in touch screens of mobile phones by a process of x-ray fluorescent spectrometry. It has been found out from the results that the manufacturer and production technology of touch screen phones influence the presence of metals. All researched phones contain precious and heavy metals. The main reason of the discovery is the influence of metals on the environment and human health.

Heavy metals in living organisms occur in trace amounts. While zinc is an essential element wich is indispensable for many physiological processes, cadmium in body acts as atissue toxin, that can cause oxidative stress and contribute to cancer development. Recent studies suggest that some species of tapeworms (Cestoda) and Acantocephala are able to absorb in their tissue higher quantity of heavy metals in comparsion with their hosts. Moreover it was observed that In connection with the increased accumulation of heavy metals in the tissue of tapeworm was decreased amounts of these metals in the organs of the host. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether the rat tapevorm (Hymenolepis diminuta) causes a decrease in the concentration of Cd and Zn in the organs of rats. A total of 24 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 4 groups (n=6). Groups PT and 0P take increased doses of kadmium (3,0 mg/week) and zinc (235,7 mg/week) for six weeks. This increased intake was achieved by adding Arabidopis halleri to feed. After six weeks rats were killed and concentrations in their tissues (bone, muscle, testes, spleen, intestine, liver kidney) were analyzed. Subsequent statistical tests confirmed lower levels of Cd and Zn in some organs of rats infected with tapeworm compared to rats without infection. For example in kidney, liver ant intestine of infected rats was detected 2,9; 2,5 and 1,8 times lower concentrations of cadmium and zinc in comparsion with uninfected rats. Tapeworm absorbed 1695 time higher amount of kadmium compared to the host muscle. The zinc content was lower in all organs (except spleen and testes) of infected rats in comparsion to uninfected. In kidney, liver and intestine of infected rats was 1,2; 1,25 and 1,4 times lower average concentration of zinc in comparsion with uninfected rats. The tape worm absorb higher concentration of zinc compared to all organs of the host.

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In this work we investigated the effect of high doses on the agriculture important crop plants (Brassica napus, Hordeum vulgare, Zea mays), herb Matricaria chamomilla and freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus quadricauda. In particularly, we studied the growth rate, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the amount of some secondary metabolites. We have found that high doses of manganese negatively influenced the growth, which resulted in a reduction of biomass which we observed in all studied groups, except algae. Manganese (Mn) is accumulated in roots and part of such absorbed Mn is transported to the shoot system. In the plants, the distribution of Mn is more balanced compared to copper and cadmium. We observed changes in the content of aliphatic organic acids, and the total amount of thiols. Higher activity was determined in several antioxidant enzymes according to the kind of plant. Abundance of manganese has been considered more toxic for the Brassica rapa than for the ontogenetic older Matricaria chamomilla, where we indicated a higher tolerance to the high concentration of Mn. We also found that the nitrogen oxide showed the positive effect on the toxicity of Mn and improved the plant viability. This improvement was reflected by decrease in uptake of Mn ions, decrease of ROS production and lipid peroxidation and also better growth parameters in the tested plants. The bioavailability of the Mn was influenced by pH however the uptake of Mn was not affected. We also found out that competition between Mn2+ and Ca2+ occur in the both land plants and also freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus quadricauda.