This study examines how the three most influential local newspapers in Sweden, Helsingborgs Dagblad, Nerikes Allehanda and Nya Wermlands-tidningen, framed the corona pandemic in terms of tone and main angle in their news reports. The corona pandemic was classified as a pandemic in march 2020 by the World Health Organisation, WHO. International, national and local news media have all reported about the effects and consequences of the virus. The corona pandemic is however not only taking place on national level, but also on local grade. The people who need information about the crisis are people who are closest affected. There is a substantial amount of previous research about journalism in crisis, but it is more common to examine national media rather than on a local level. The method used in this study is a quantitative content analysis and the material contains news articles published in the local newspapers. The purpose of the study is based on Ervin Goffman's framing theory, amongst Ulrich Beck's Risk society and Marina Ghersetti & Tomas Odéns crisis journalism. The result of the study shows that the most common tone was neutral, which implies that all three newspapers are delivering objective and fact-based information in their reporting. It also shows that a part of the news is of the more alarmistic kind. These results are presented in previous research about journalism and crisis, which alludes how alarmist tone is mainly presented but it generally depends on where the crisis takes place. If the question of fact is taking place close to the media in question, the reports tend to be more neutral. The study also shows that the frame called risk magnitude figures by far the most in our study, followed by responsibility of the society and social limits. The results show that the focus slightly shifts from the responsibility of the society and social limits to the question about vaccines and more opening up the society between the two periods. Although there is a difference in what frame that is raised between the periods, the used tone is slightly the same.

Titel: Vilka likheter och skillnader finns mellan svenska och internationella skogsbruksföretags hållbarhetsrapportering? En kvantitativ innehållsanalys av 17 skogsbruksföretags hållbarhetsrapportering utifrån GRIs miljömässiga indikatorer. Nivå: C-uppsats 15hp inom Civilekonomprogrammet Författare: Enes Mamudi & Hannes König Handledare: Cristoffer Lokatt Examinator: Pia Nylinder Datum: 28/03-2022 - 05/06-2022    Syfte: Tidigare studier har visat att hur företag hållbarhetsrapporterar skiljer sig beroende på bransch och land (Holder-Webb, Cohen, Nath & Wood 2009; Tate, Ellram & Kirchoff 2010; Gamerschlag, Möller & Verbeeten 2010; Bouvain & Chen 2009). Ingen tidigare studie har jämfört hållbarhetsrapporter mellan svenska och internationella inom en och samma bransch, skogsbruksbranschen. Det forskningsgapet strävar denna studie fylla. Syftet med denna studien är att undersöka vilka likheter och skillnader som finns mellan svenska och internationella skogsbruksföretags hållbarhetsrapportering för att se hur de institutionella mekanismerna styr över geografiska gränser. Studien söker även svar på huruvida skogsbruksföretagens miljömässiga hållbarhetsindikatorer efterliknar varandra som konsekvens av sin gemensamma branschtillhörighet för att se de institutionella mekanismernas roll inom branschen.  Metod: Studiens utgår från den positivistiska ståndpunkten med hypoteser som besvaras med en deduktiv linje. Forskningsstrategin är en kvantitativ innehållsanalys med replikerbarheten i fokus. Studien följer en tvärkulturell design i datainsamlingen. Datan analyseras med hjälp av deskriptiv statistik.  Slutsats: Studiens första forskningsfråga visade att det främst finns skillnader mellan hållbarhetsrapporteringen mellan de svenska och internationella skogsbruksföretagen. Studiens andra forskningsfråga gav inte ett lika tydligt svar där företagen efterliknade varandra inom branschen på vissa aspekter men andra inte. Utöver forskningsfrågorna drog författarna slutsatsen att landstillhörighet eventuellt väger tyngre än bransch ur ett teoretiskt perspektiv. Studiens bidrag: Studien ger ett praktiskt bidrag i form av att företag inom branschen kan använda informationen för att jämföra sin hållbarhetsrapportering med andra för att fortsätta vara konkurrenskraftiga. Tidigare forskning av Aras och Crowther (2009) visat att graden av hållbarhetsrapportering ger kommersiella fördelar på marknaden. Informationen är även användbar till företag för att locka investerare då en studie av Braam och Peeters (2018) visat att efterfrågan på hållbarhetsrapportering från dessa ökat. Genom att studera ett outforskat område skapade studien ett teoretiskt bidrag då ett forskningsgap fyllts. Studien visade skillnader i hållbarhetsrapporteringen mellan Sverige och internationellt samt att branschen till viss del efterliknar varandra men att variabeln landstillhörighet eventuellt väger tyngre än variabeln bransch ur ett teoretiskt perspektiv. Vidare forskning: Det skulle vara intressant att studera GRIs sociala och ekonomiska hållbarhetsindikatorer i en liknande studie då denna endast fokuserade på de miljömässiga. Även att granska hållbarhetsrapporter över en tidsperiod för att se förändringar i rapporteringen samt att studera en miljöfarlig bransch för att kunna se likheter och skillnader mot den miljöviktiga skogsindustrin. / Title: What similarities and differences are there between Swedish and international forestry companies sustainability reports? A quantitative content analysis of 17 forestry companies sustainability reporting based on GRI's environmental indicators. Level: C-essay 15 credits in Business Administration Authors: Enes Mamudi & Hannes König Supervisor: Cristoffer Lokatt Examinator: Pia Nylinder Date: 28/03-2022 - 05/06-2022    Aim: Previous studies have shown that how companies report sustainability differs depending on the industry and country (Holder-Webb, Cohen, Nath & Wood 2009; Tate, Ellram & Kirchoff 2010; Gamerschlag, Möller & Verbeeten 2010; Bouvain & Chen 2009). No previous study has compared sustainability reports between Swedish and international companies in the same industry, the forestry industry. This research gap seeks this study to fill. The purpose of this study is to investigate the similarities and differences that exist between Swedish and international forestry companies sustainability reporting to see how the institutional mechanisms govern over geographical boundaries. The study also seeks to answer whether the forestry companies environmental sustainability indicators mimic each other as a result of their common industry affiliation in order to see the institutional mechanisms role in the industry.  Method: The study is based on the positivist research philosophy with hypotheses that are answered with a deductive line. The research strategy is a quantitative content analysis with focus on replicability. The study follows a cross-cultural design in the data collection. The data are analyzed using descriptive statistics.  Conclusion: The study's first research question showed that there are mainly differences in the sustainability reporting between the Swedish and international forestry companies. The study's second research question did not provide an equally clear answer where companies mimicked each other in the industry on certain aspects but others not. In addition to the research questions the authors concluded that country affiliation may outweigh industry from a theoretical perspective. Contribution: The study makes a practical contribution to companies in the industry that can use the information to compare their sustainability reporting with others to remain competitive. Previous research by Aras and Crowther (2009) has shown that the degree of sustainability reporting provides commercial advantages in the market. The information is also useful for companies to attract investors as a study by Braam and Peeters (2018) showed that the demand for sustainability reporting from these have increased. By studying an unexplored area, the study created a theoretical contribution when a research gap was filled. The study showed differences in sustainability reporting between Sweden and internationally and that the industry to some extent mimics each other, but that the variable country affiliation may weigh heavier than the variable industry from a theoretical perspective. Further research: It would be interesting to study GRI's social and economic sustainability indicators in a similar study as this paper only focused on the environmental indicators. Also to review sustainability reports over a longer time period to see changes in the reporting and to study an environmentally hazardous industry to see similarities and differences with the environmentally important forestry industry.