The thesis on the topic ''Monitoring of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soil'' is focused on the contamination of the agricultural soils by dibuthyl phtalate (DBP) and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). This thesis was created in cooperation with the Central Control and Testing Institute of Agriculture as a part of annual soil monitoring of organic contaminants. Forty soil samples were taken in February and March of 2017. The monitoring was carried in twelve regions of the Czech Republic. Samples were extracted using sonication and mixture of acetone-hexane (1:1). Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography with UV detection. The measured concentrations ranged for DBP from 0,01 to 0,53 mg.kg-1 dry weight and for DEHP from 0,00 to 0,65 mg.kg-1 dry weight. None of these concentration levels exceeded the values set by the Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic and stated in its Guideline, based on the RSL (Regional Screening Levels) published by the United States' Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

The aim of the diploma thesis „Possibilities of using non-traditional fats in food technology“ was to suggest a recipe with the addition of fats and oils, which are not often used in food production technology and then evaluate the influence of the added fats and oils to quality of muffins. The main evaluation method was a bakery experiment, during which a total of 10 muffins samples with different fats and oils were baked. The bakery experiment found that fats and oils affect sensory properties like a taste, smell and flexibility. A sensory least acceptable sample was a muffin sample with the addition of linseed oil. This sample had, in a negative sense, an overly pronounced smell and taste. The best sensory samples were muffins with safflower oil, almond oil and cocoa butter. In the second part of the practical part, fats and oils were subjected to gas chromatography (GC), where the proportion and representation of MK were detected and subsequently the results were compared with the values reported by the importer.

There is a lot of factors which has impact on quality of bovine meat. The aim of this thesis was to examine correlations between chosen SNPs in leptin gene and specific hormones and metabolites, which have influence on the meat quality and also complete health condition of beef. There were 99 bulls of Czech Fleckvieh cattle used for this study. The examined parameters were insulin, glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, non-esterified fatty acids and betahydroxybutiric acid. There was shown no statistically signifiant correlation between leptin gene polymorfisms and observed parameters. Only proved correlation was between leptin and cholesterol and glucose. There is lot of other factors involved in changes of amount of these substances though.

The diploma thesis is devided into two parts – theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with fatty acids, their nomenclature and chemical composition. Further the diploma thesis focuses on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) – their analytical determination, metabolism, important representatives and influence on human nutrition. The practical part deals with the experiment, in which the fatty acids content was determined in mg/100 g using gas chromatography. Testing was carried out using model animals – rats Wistar Albino and pigs Landrace and Large White. By using statistical processing, the differences in the deposition of PUFAs in the livers of these animals, were compared.

The diploma thesis is divided into two parts – theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I deal with fatty acids. Specifically, the diploma thesis describes the physiology of fatty acids and their analytical determination by gas chromatography. Furthermore, I focus on the chemical structure of fatty acids, their division, metabolism and influence on human nutrition. The practical part deals with the feeding experiment in Wistar Albino rats and the subsequent tissue collection of these animals for analytical determination of fatty acids in their muscle. The extent of deposition of selected fatty acids in rat muscle was studied. The feed was supplemented with the following oils: palm, safflower, fish and Schizochytrium algae extract.

The thesis is focused on the assessment of the quality of the fermentation process in various grass species. In the literary part we characterize grasses of the family Poaceae. The next part is devoted to the conservation of silage grasses with possible threats to ensilage and the use of silage additives in production. In the practical part, a total of 12 grass samples were monitored. They were founded in two variants, fertilized and non-fertilized with nitrogen, treated and untreated with silage additive. Grasses were harvested from the microsilage vessels after 60 days and analyzed for selected parameters. The results were evaluated by graphs. Ammonia, pH, LA, AA, biogenic amines were further processed by ANOVA. Using the values from the analyzes, we evaluated the quality of the fermentation process, when the samples of festulolium, festulolium N were the best, among which there was a statistically significant difference at 95 % confidence level. In the analytical evaluation the worst sample of the lobed fur without treatment was found to have poor quality silage fermentation. It also contained the most biogenic amines but there were no statistically significant differences between the samples (p <0.05). For samples of the lobed foot treated with a chemical additive, we can conclude that the use of the chemical preservative SoftAcid improved the quality of the fermentation.

The theoretical part of my thesis is based on the general classification and characterization of dietary lipids, especially fatty acids, cholesterol and lipoprotein particles. Also, their transport and absorption mechanisms are described, as well as medical complications that are closely linked to excessive lipid consumption. One part is used for the description of lipid extractions and determination of fatty acids. The experimental part is focused on the analysis of fatty acids in samples of liver, adipose and muscle tissues of laboratory rats after the addition of palm oil, safflower oil, fish oil and Schizochytrium microalgae oil into their diets. Lyophilized tissue samples were extracted and derivatized, followed by gas chromatography fatty acid determination. The results were then statistically evaluated.

Obesity, one of the most serious health problems of the 21st century, often occurs as a result of an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Dietary lipids play an important role in the development of obesity, partly because they represent the richest source of energy amongst all macronutrients. It is, however, not only the amount of consumed lipids, but also the composition of fatty acids, which strongly influences health effects of a particular diet. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) are generally considered as unhealthy due to their pro-inflammatory and lipotoxic properties, while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) represent a healthier alternative, as they are more readily oxidized and do not disrupt biochemical properties of cellular membranes. Amongst PUFA, PUFA of n-3 series (Omega-3) represent an utterly unique class of lipids that have been documented to protect against cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia in men and improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance primarily in animal models of obesity. Some molecular mechanisms of Omega-3 action have been already uncovered, such as the modification of biological membranes composition, activation of various transcription factors and membrane receptors, and their role as precursors for...

1 Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the numbers, severity and causes of accidents, occurring in the households due to the cleaning products. Among the groups of potentially dangerous cleaning products, the highest proportion of accidents was caused by cleaning products containing sodium hypochloride (37 %), descalers containing acids (29 %) and dishwasher tablets (25 %). A lower percentage of inquiries appeared due to hydroxides containing drain cleaning products (7 %). In the year 2009, there were 251 inquiries to the Toxicological Information Centre due to cleaning products in defined categories studied. Among them, there were 133 children and 118 adult patients, who ingested cleaning product accidentally (86%) or for suicidal purposes (3%); inhaled (9%) or had an eye contact with the product (2%). There were 23% children and 27% adults hospitalized; the children most frequently due to accidental ingestion of hydroxides (92%), the adults due to the inhalation of irritant vapors (64%). Among them 14% children (86% due to the ingestion of cleaning products containing hydroxides) have been examined using the endoscopy (in the total anesthesia), in addition to 5% adults. The study has shown that the most common cause of the accidents in children is the distraction of the adults; nevertheless, the...

Literar review of thesis is focused on clasification of lipids, fatty acids characteristics, particularly polyunsaturated acids n3 alpha linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid; and polyunsaturated acids n6. There is description of metabolic reactions. Degradation by beta oxidation, biosynthesis and conversion to eicosanoids. Function and effect of eicosanoids to organism and health, nutritional representation of this fatty acids, fortification of food sources, feed in interest of improvement health condition and functional foods producing. The practical part is focused on fatty acids analysis in muscular, liver and adipose tissue of pigs after feed fortification by 2,5 % fish oil and 2,5 % palm oil in the diet. Lyofilizated samples were derivatized and determinated by gas chromatography method. Results were evaluated by statistics program.