The purpose of the experiment was to verify of the influence of enriched artemia salina on the growth and survival of American paddlefish larvae (Polyodon spathula) in operating conditions. The control group was compared with group which was fed by artemia enriched by preparation Red pepper. Control group was fed by nonenriched artemia. This preparation contained increased amount of vitamins A, C, D3 and E, but especially HUFA, mainly DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). The larvae were fed by artemia only one week and then they were fed gradually by dry mixture for larvae. After a five-day co-feeding they were fed only by dry mixture for larvae. The whole experiment was 4 weeks. In the group which was fed by enriched artemia was statistically higher average weight (247.80 +- 40.36 mg) and average length of body (31.19 +- 1.03 mm) versus the control group. Average weight of control group was 140.76 +- 23.06 mg and average lenght of body was 25,27 +- 0.73 mm. Also average survival of the two groups was statistically different at the end of the experiment. The group which was fed by enriched artemia demonstrated an average survival 15.43 +- 2.90 %, while the control group only 2.20 +- 1.92 %. Only rate of cannibalism was not influenced by enrichment of artemia. But these results, mainly survival was negatively influenced by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, which was detected on the skin after five days of the experiment. Another parameter was average amount of individual fatty acids in the body of larvae from both groups. In the group which was fed with enriched artemia was found statistically higher level of LA (linoleic acid), LNA (-linolenic acid) and DHA. On the other hand, higher levels of ARA (arachidonic acid), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DPA (docosapentaenoic acid) was found in control group.

The thesis deals with changes in proportion of fatty acids in bovine milk. The aim of this study was to assess the profile of fatty acids in milk and subsequently in yoghurt produced from it. The thesis also evaluates the influence of breeding management, breed as well as region. The results of the thesis confirmed that processing of milk into yoghurt has little to no effect on fatty acids profile and proportion of fatty acids is stable. Processing milk into yoghurt alters nutritional value of the product only minimally and the changes in fatty acids profile are not statistically relevant. Profile of fatty acids in the end product was mostly influenced by breeding management, where nutritionally most valuable milk and therefore yoghurt comes from grazing dairy cows. Breed itself has influence more over content of main elements, such as fat or protein content, in milk rather than over fatty acids profile. Influence of region tightly relates to breeding management where in highlands pasturing is more common and in lowlands it is more common to have dairy cows in stables.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the occurrence of ketones and free fatty acids in milk of high-yielding cows. Ketosis is a very common metabolic disorder in dairy cows resulting in reduced milk production, fertility disturbance and more frequent occurrences of other diseases. Ketosis is not only a serious health problem, but also an economic problem, that can be avoided by balancing the feeding dose respecting the physiological needs of energy delivery after birth and at the beginning of lactation of high-yielding cows. The monitoring was carried out in 2016 at Chyšná, which is one of the centers of Agribusiness Košetice a.s. Owerall were 1407 cows monitored during the 6 utility tests (from January to June 2016). The occurrence of subclinical ketoses was defined by the content of ketones in milk (acetone and beta-hydroxybutyric acid). Critical was the period of the first 12 days of lactation, when the occurence of subclinical ketoses was the highest, the occurence of this disease was lower than in other breeds. At Chyšná breeding, the low incidence of subclinical ketoses is mainly influenced by zootechnical work and by working with the feed consultant and the company for the production of compound feeds. As a precautionary process, regular feed analysis and examination of free fatty acids and ketones in milk can be recommended.

1 Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the numbers, severity and causes of accidents, occurring in the households due to the cleaning products. Among the groups of potentially dangerous cleaning products, the highest proportion of accidents was caused by cleaning products containing sodium hypochloride (37 %), descalers containing acids (29 %) and dishwasher tablets (25 %). A lower percentage of inquiries appeared due to hydroxides containing drain cleaning products (7 %). In the year 2009, there were 251 inquiries to the Toxicological Information Centre due to cleaning products in defined categories studied. Among them, there were 133 children and 118 adult patients, who ingested cleaning product accidentally (86%) or for suicidal purposes (3%); inhaled (9%) or had an eye contact with the product (2%). There were 23% children and 27% adults hospitalized; the children most frequently due to accidental ingestion of hydroxides (92%), the adults due to the inhalation of irritant vapors (64%). Among them 14% children (86% due to the ingestion of cleaning products containing hydroxides) have been examined using the endoscopy (in the total anesthesia), in addition to 5% adults. The study has shown that the most common cause of the accidents in children is the distraction of the adults; nevertheless, the...

PhD. Thesis are structured into two parts - first is comparison of effect of 4 seeds (amaranth, rapeseeds, sunflowerseeds and linseeds) on parametres of rumen fermentation and composition of fatty acids. Seeds were modified by milling, grinding or microwave heating.Findings of their effect on rumen fermentation were compared by control diet without seeds. The second part was specialised on effect of different amount of concentrate and forage in diet on fermentation parametres and amount of fatty acids. Diets were composed by barley and hay and then 3 diets for lactating cows were observed. Experiments were made on RUSITEC, which was apparature simulating environment in rumen of ruminants.

The TiO2-catalyzed synthesis of nucleosides in non-aqueous formamide environ- ment via so-called acyclonucleoside intermediates represents an alternative way for the emergence of nucleic acids monomeric units, which could address the the fundamental problem associated with the formation of a --glycosidic bond between a nucleobase and a sugar moiety. In this computational contribution we present a plausible reaction route for the prebiotic TiO2-catalyzed synthesis of purine C2- and C3-acyclonucleosides in formamide, which does not require photocatalytic or radical chain mechanisms. The maximum computed activation energy along the proposed reaction channel is ≥ 32 kcal·mol≠1 , which is clearly feasible under the experimental conditions of the Saladino synthesis. We show that the rate determining step of the entire reaction path is the deprotonation of the formaldehyde hydrate methylene carbon occurring likely on defective binding sites of an anatase surface. Our calculations thus support the view of Saladino et al. about the catalytic role of the TiO2 surface in the one-pot synthesis of purine acyclonucleosides in heat formamide solution.

Aim of the master thesis was the development and the optimization of the HPLC method with fluorescence detection for the determination of the bile acids in the bile of mice. On the basis of literature, the HPLC-FLD method has been proposed and optimized for the quantification of eight bile acids (cholic acid, glycocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, α-muricholic acid, and λ-muricholic acid) in the biological material. 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl-p-toluenesulfonate is suitable derivatization reagent for labeling of the bile acids. The calibration dependences, limits of detection and quantification (in the range of 0.88-1.78 μmol dm -3 ) for all bile acids are measured. In the biological sample five bile acids have been successfully identified and then determined (cholic acid, glycocholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, and α-muricholic acid). Key words: bile acids, HPLC, fluorescence detector, derivatization reaction, bile

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Kamila Zemanová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Interaction of phenylpropionic acids with copper Copper is an essential trace element which is essential for our body. It has a significant effect on the correct functioning of important organs and it plays an important role in the transfer of electrons at the major enzymatic pathways as a prostetic group. On the other hand, excess or deficiency of copper in the human body can cause many diseases. Phenylpropionic acids are group of substances which can have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. They are involved in the scavenging of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. In this diploma thesis, I tested copper chelating activity of six phenylpropionic acids at different pHs by spectrofotometric methods using a hematoxylin and a bathocuproinedisulfonic acid disodium salt as an indicator. 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid showed the highest chelating potential but only using a hematoxylin. KEYWORDS: Copper, Phenylpropionic acids, Antioxidants, Chelating activity, Hematoxylin, Bathocuproin

The main goal of this thesis was to analyse the amount of beta glucans in selected mushroom species. The overall characterization of the composition and content of bioactive compounds in mushrooms was studied too. The theoretical part was focused on description of Fungi, especially the Basidiomycota phyla. The overview of fungal morphology and chemical composition was elaborated. Further, theoretical basis of analytical methods used was introduced. In the experimental part, extracts from selected species of mushrooms (shiitake, oyster mushroom, white champignon, brown champignon and jew’s ear) were prepared. Overall group parameters such as polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity were determined by spectrophotometry. The amount of beta-glucans in the fungi was measured after enzyme hydrolysis using commercial kit. The content and composition of fatty acids was measured by gas spectrometry. Using emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) the presence of heavy metals was analysed in fungal extracts. Cytotoxicity was tested by MTT test on human cell lines. In the last part the antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus, Gram-negative Serratia marcescens and yeast Candida labrata was tested. In the thesis, a complex characterization of composition and biological effect of some mushrooms was given.

This diploma thesis focuses on validation of RP–HPLC method for determination of organic acids in fruit juices. The aim of this thesis was to determine suitability of the method for verification of the fruit juices authenticity based on analysis of organic acids. The theoretical part describes chemical composition of fruit and fruit juices and focuses on organic acids. It provides description of various methods of organic acids analysis with more detailed description of High Performance Liquid Chromatography and its validation. The experimental part focuses on optimalization and validation of the method. Samples of malic, citric, succinic and ascorbic acid were analysed. The optimalized method was validated and following performance parameters were determined: repeatability, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) limit of quantitation (LOQ). RP–HPLC method was applied to real samples of 100% fruit juices (apple, orange and grapefruit) and the authenticity parameters were verified.